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一、完形填空
阅读下面的短文,从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Wang Yongzhi, one of the famous rocket(火箭) scientists, played a leading role in China's manned spaceflight programme. He was $\underline{1}$ the Medal of the Republic in September 2024, about three months after his passing away.
He was born in a poor family in Liaoning Province in 1932. He $\underline{2}$ very hard when he was young. In 1952, he went to Tsinghua University. In 1955, he was $\underline{3}$ to study at the Moscow Aviation Institute. $\underline{4}$, two years later, Wang changed his major after $\underline{5}$ that China needed some students to learn how to $\underline{6}$ carrier rockets and ballistic missiles(弹道导弹). In the summer of 1961, Wang graduated and $\underline{7}$ to China.
He $\underline{8}$ working on rocket design. During his work, he designed a number of $\underline{9}$ and missiles. In 1992, he was named $\underline{10}$ the chief planner in the nation's manned spaceflight programme, although he was already 60. The task brought him a great deal of $\underline{11}$, but he stuck to his task because he thought it was his $\underline{12}$ to make the nation's dream of flying into space come true. Under the scientist's leadership(领导), China $\underline{13}$ finished its first manned spaceflight in 2003. For his contribution(贡献) to China's spaceflight programme, Wang $\underline{14}$ the National Highest Science and Technology Award in the same year. In 2005, he saw the $\underline{15}$ of China's second manned spaceflight.
After retirement(退休), Wang was still energetic. He continued to provide suggestions for the building of China's space station and the manned lunar landing programme.
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阅读下面的短文,从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Wang Yongzhi, one of the famous rocket(火箭) scientists, played a leading role in China's manned spaceflight programme. He was $\underline{1}$ the Medal of the Republic in September 2024, about three months after his passing away.
He was born in a poor family in Liaoning Province in 1932. He $\underline{2}$ very hard when he was young. In 1952, he went to Tsinghua University. In 1955, he was $\underline{3}$ to study at the Moscow Aviation Institute. $\underline{4}$, two years later, Wang changed his major after $\underline{5}$ that China needed some students to learn how to $\underline{6}$ carrier rockets and ballistic missiles(弹道导弹). In the summer of 1961, Wang graduated and $\underline{7}$ to China.
He $\underline{8}$ working on rocket design. During his work, he designed a number of $\underline{9}$ and missiles. In 1992, he was named $\underline{10}$ the chief planner in the nation's manned spaceflight programme, although he was already 60. The task brought him a great deal of $\underline{11}$, but he stuck to his task because he thought it was his $\underline{12}$ to make the nation's dream of flying into space come true. Under the scientist's leadership(领导), China $\underline{13}$ finished its first manned spaceflight in 2003. For his contribution(贡献) to China's spaceflight programme, Wang $\underline{14}$ the National Highest Science and Technology Award in the same year. In 2005, he saw the $\underline{15}$ of China's second manned spaceflight.
After retirement(退休), Wang was still energetic. He continued to provide suggestions for the building of China's space station and the manned lunar landing programme.
(
C
)1. A. told B. given C. awarded D. shown(
A
)2. A. studied B. thought C. played D. lived(
D
)3. A. asked B. allowed C. invited D. sent(
A
)4. A. However B. Besides C. Finally D. Suddenly(
B
)5. A. reading B. learning C. writing D. talking(
C
)6. A. buy B. sell C. design D. draw(
D
)7. A. travelled B. moved C. flew D. returned(
A
)8. A. started B. stopped C. remembered D. forgot(
B
)9. A. planes B. rockets C. ships D. cars(
B
)10. A. for B. as C. with D. to(
A
)11. A. stress B. fun C. joy D. luck(
D
)12. A. hobby B. habit C. interest D. duty(
B
)13. A. carefully B. successfully C. slowly D. quickly(
C
)14. A. refused B. kept C. received D. brought(
B
)15. A. failure B. success C. problem D. difficulty答案
1—5. CADAB 6—10. CDABB 11—15. ADBCB
【完形填空】
本文是一篇记叙文，介绍火箭科学家王永志的生平与贡献：他出身贫困，早年刻苦学习，留学时因国家需求转攻运载火箭专业，回国后投身火箭设计，60岁担任载人航天工程总设计师，克服压力完成中国首次载人航天飞行，获多项荣誉，退休后仍为航天事业献策，去世后被追授“共和国勋章”。
第1题：考查动词辨析及语境。根据文章“He was ______ the Medal of the Republic”，此处是“被授予共和国勋章”，C选项awarded有“授予（正式荣誉）”的专属含义；A选项told（告诉）、B选项given（普通给予）、D选项shown（展示）均不符合“勋章”的正式荣誉属性。故选C。
第4题：考查连词辨析及语境。前文是“被派往莫斯科航空学院学习”，后文是“两年后换专业”，存在转折关系，A选项However（然而）体现转折逻辑；B选项Besides（此外）、C选项Finally（最终）、D选项Suddenly（突然）均不匹配转折语境。故选A。
第5题：考查动词辨析及语境。根据文章“after ______ that China needed some students to learn ...”，这里是“意识到国家有需求后换专业”，B选项learning在这里表示“了解、意识到”的语义；A选项reading（阅读）、C选项writing（写作）、D选项talking（交谈）都无法准确表达“感知到国家需求”的逻辑。故选B。
第12题：考查名词辨析及语境。根据文章“it was his ______ to make the nation's dream of flying into space come true”，此处指“实现国家航天梦的使命”，D选项duty（责任、使命）符合“家国重任”的厚重语境；A选项hobby（爱好）、B选项habit（习惯）、C选项interest（兴趣）均无法体现“国家使命”的语义。故选D。
【完形填空】
本文是一篇记叙文，介绍火箭科学家王永志的生平与贡献：他出身贫困，早年刻苦学习，留学时因国家需求转攻运载火箭专业，回国后投身火箭设计，60岁担任载人航天工程总设计师，克服压力完成中国首次载人航天飞行，获多项荣誉，退休后仍为航天事业献策，去世后被追授“共和国勋章”。
第1题：考查动词辨析及语境。根据文章“He was ______ the Medal of the Republic”，此处是“被授予共和国勋章”，C选项awarded有“授予（正式荣誉）”的专属含义；A选项told（告诉）、B选项given（普通给予）、D选项shown（展示）均不符合“勋章”的正式荣誉属性。故选C。
第4题：考查连词辨析及语境。前文是“被派往莫斯科航空学院学习”，后文是“两年后换专业”，存在转折关系，A选项However（然而）体现转折逻辑；B选项Besides（此外）、C选项Finally（最终）、D选项Suddenly（突然）均不匹配转折语境。故选A。
第5题：考查动词辨析及语境。根据文章“after ______ that China needed some students to learn ...”，这里是“意识到国家有需求后换专业”，B选项learning在这里表示“了解、意识到”的语义；A选项reading（阅读）、C选项writing（写作）、D选项talking（交谈）都无法准确表达“感知到国家需求”的逻辑。故选B。
第12题：考查名词辨析及语境。根据文章“it was his ______ to make the nation's dream of flying into space come true”，此处指“实现国家航天梦的使命”，D选项duty（责任、使命）符合“家国重任”的厚重语境；A选项hobby（爱好）、B选项habit（习惯）、C选项interest（兴趣）均无法体现“国家使命”的语义。故选D。
解析
【分析】
做完形填空需遵循“先通览，再逐空”的思路：首先通读全文把握主旨（本文介绍火箭科学家王永志的生平与航天贡献）；其次逐空分析时，结合上下文语境、词汇词义辨析、固定搭配及逻辑关系（如转折、因果）确定最佳选项；遇不确定空可先跳过，后续结合语篇验证，确保答案符合整体逻辑。
【解析】
1. 考查动词辨析：此处表“被授予共和国勋章”，award意为“授予（正式荣誉）”，符合语境，选C。
2. 考查动词辨析：年轻时学习刻苦，study意为“学习”，选A。
3. 考查动词辨析：be sent to表“被派往”，符合“派去留学”的语境，选D。
4. 考查连词辨析：前文“派去留学”与后文“换专业”为转折关系，however表转折，选A。
5. 考查动词辨析：此处指“了解到国家需求后换专业”，learn意为“了解、意识到”，选B。
6. 考查动词辨析：结合上下文，此处指学习设计运载火箭，design意为“设计”，选C。
7. 考查动词辨析：graduate后return to China表“回国”，return意为“返回”，选D。
8. 考查动词辨析：start doing sth表“开始从事”，此处指开始火箭设计工作，选A。
9. 考查名词辨析：结合前文rocket design，此处指设计火箭，选B。
10. 考查介词辨析：be named as为固定搭配，表“被任命为”，选B。
11. 考查名词辨析：担任总设计师带来压力，stress意为“压力”，选A。
12. 考查名词辨析：it is one's duty to do sth表“做某事是某人的责任”，此处指实现国家航天梦是责任，选D。
13. 考查副词辨析：成功完成首次载人航天，successfully意为“成功地”，选B。
14. 考查动词辨析：receive意为“获得（奖项、荣誉）”，此处指获得国家最高科学技术奖，选C。
15. 考查名词辨析：此处指看到第二次载人航天的成功，success意为“成功”，选B。
【答案】
1—5. CADAB 6—10. CDABB 11—15. ADBCB
【知识点】
完形填空解题、词汇辨析、语境理解
【点评】
本文为介绍科学家事迹的记叙文，语篇逻辑清晰，考点围绕常用词汇的语境运用、逻辑关系判断展开，是典型的初中级完形填空练习题，能有效提升学生的语篇理解与词汇辨析能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
做完形填空需遵循“先通览，再逐空”的思路：首先通读全文把握主旨（本文介绍火箭科学家王永志的生平与航天贡献）；其次逐空分析时，结合上下文语境、词汇词义辨析、固定搭配及逻辑关系（如转折、因果）确定最佳选项；遇不确定空可先跳过，后续结合语篇验证，确保答案符合整体逻辑。
【解析】
1. 考查动词辨析：此处表“被授予共和国勋章”，award意为“授予（正式荣誉）”，符合语境，选C。
2. 考查动词辨析：年轻时学习刻苦，study意为“学习”，选A。
3. 考查动词辨析：be sent to表“被派往”，符合“派去留学”的语境，选D。
4. 考查连词辨析：前文“派去留学”与后文“换专业”为转折关系，however表转折，选A。
5. 考查动词辨析：此处指“了解到国家需求后换专业”，learn意为“了解、意识到”，选B。
6. 考查动词辨析：结合上下文，此处指学习设计运载火箭，design意为“设计”，选C。
7. 考查动词辨析：graduate后return to China表“回国”，return意为“返回”，选D。
8. 考查动词辨析：start doing sth表“开始从事”，此处指开始火箭设计工作，选A。
9. 考查名词辨析：结合前文rocket design，此处指设计火箭，选B。
10. 考查介词辨析：be named as为固定搭配，表“被任命为”，选B。
11. 考查名词辨析：担任总设计师带来压力，stress意为“压力”，选A。
12. 考查名词辨析：it is one's duty to do sth表“做某事是某人的责任”，此处指实现国家航天梦是责任，选D。
13. 考查副词辨析：成功完成首次载人航天，successfully意为“成功地”，选B。
14. 考查动词辨析：receive意为“获得（奖项、荣誉）”，此处指获得国家最高科学技术奖，选C。
15. 考查名词辨析：此处指看到第二次载人航天的成功，success意为“成功”，选B。
【答案】
1—5. CADAB 6—10. CDABB 11—15. ADBCB
【知识点】
完形填空解题、词汇辨析、语境理解
【点评】
本文为介绍科学家事迹的记叙文，语篇逻辑清晰，考点围绕常用词汇的语境运用、逻辑关系判断展开，是典型的初中级完形填空练习题，能有效提升学生的语篇理解与词汇辨析能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
