根据首字母提示补全短文。
A
Floods happen when too much water covers the land. They can come from 1. h rains, rivers that rise too high, or big waves from the sea. Floods can be very 2. d. Every year, thousands of people lose their lives because of floods.
Floods also 3. c many other problems. In 2024, more than 19 million people had to leave their homes because of floods. In 2023, floods in Slovenia caused 4. d equal to about 16% of the country's economy. In the United States, floods cost billions of dollars every year. After a flood, food can become hard to find, and dirty water can spread disease.
Floods are becoming more common, and one major 5. r is that the Earth's temperature is rising. When the Earth gets warmer, the air can 6. h more water. This makes rain heavier and storms stronger. Also, dry ground cannot soak up water well. Water flows quickly into low areas and causes flooding.
So, what can we do? Early warning systems can tell people 7. w floods are coming, so they have time to get to safe places. Building sea walls can help stop floodwater. Cities are also turning into "sponge cities" by building special streets and green spaces. These features help soak up rainwater, slow it down, and 8. r the risk of flooding. But in some places, scientists say the safest way may be a plan called "managed retreat". This means moving people away from areas that flood again and again.
Floods are a big challenge. 9. B if we work together and plan well, we can stay safe and protect our homes. By understanding the causes and taking action, we can make a real 10. d.

1. heavy 2. dangerous 3. cause 4. damage 5. reason 6. hold 7. when 8. reduce 9. But 10. difference

【分析】
本题为根据首字母提示补全短文的英语题型，解题思路为：先通读全文把握文章主旨，理解每段的核心内容；再针对每个空格，结合上下文语境、语法结构以及首字母提示，推断出符合语义和语法要求的单词；最后通读全文验证单词是否使文章逻辑通顺、语义连贯。
【解析】
1. 空格修饰名词rains，结合语境洪水源于大雨，首字母为h，故填heavy；
2. 空格需填形容词作表语，后文提到每年数千人因洪水丧生，说明洪水很危险，首字母为d，故填dangerous；
3. 空格作谓语，主语floods是复数，结合语境洪水引发诸多问题，首字母为c，故填cause；
4. 空格作caused的宾语，后文提到占国家经济的16%，指洪水造成的损失，首字母为d，故填damage；
5. 空格前有one major，需填名词，前文说洪水更常见，后文解释原因，首字母为r，故填reason；
6. 空格在情态动词can后，需填动词原形，结合语境空气能容纳更多水，首字母为h，故填hold；
7. 空格引导宾语从句，结合预警系统告知洪水到来的时间，首字母为w，故填when；
8. 空格与soak up、slow并列，需填动词原形，海绵城市的设计是降低洪水风险，首字母为r，故填reduce；
9. 空格前后为转折关系，前文说洪水是挑战，后文说共同努力能安全，首字母为B，故填But；
10. 考查固定搭配make a difference（有影响），首字母为d，故填difference。
【答案】
1. heavy 2. dangerous 3. cause 4. damage 5. reason 6. hold 7. when 8. reduce 9. But 10. difference
【知识点】
英语词汇运用、短文填空、固定搭配
【点评】
本题侧重考查学生的语境理解能力和基础词汇积累，解题时需先通读全文理清逻辑，再逐空结合首字母和上下文推断，同时注意固定搭配的运用，整体难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.5

B 原典品读
That Saturday afternoon in the little town the Harpers and Aunt Polly's family prepared their 11. b clothes for the funeral(葬礼) with great sadness. The village was unusually quiet. The Saturday holiday was difficult for the children. They had no pleasure in their games and finally stopped playing. In the afternoon Becky walked 12. u round the empty school playground, feeling very sad. She said to 13. h, "I haven't got anything to remember him and I'll never see him again."
When the children returned from 14. s the next morning, the bell at the funeral home began to ring. The villagers arrived, 15. t in whispers about the sad event. But there was no whisper inside, and nobody could remember seeing the room so crowded. Aunt Polly entered, followed by Sid and Mary, and then by the Harper family, all dressed in black, and everyone 16. s until the families sat down at the front.
They said something and sang a song. The speaker spoke about the three boys in such a way
that everyone thought they had made a 17. m to see only badness and problems in them. The people were so moved that they all started 18. c.
There was a slight noise which nobody noticed. A moment later the room's door 19. o. The speaker stood still in surprise. First one and then another pair of eyes turned round, and then, almost at once, everyone stood up and looked while the 20. t "dead" boys came walking up the aisle(过道). They hid and listened to their own funeral service!
—Adapted from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

11. best 12. unhappily 13. herself 14. school 15. talking 16. stood 17. mistake 18. crying 19. opened 20. three

【分析】
本题为名著节选的完形填空，解题思路为：1. 通读全文把握故事大意（汤姆等三个男孩假装死亡参加自己葬礼的情节）；2. 结合上下文语境、词性要求、固定搭配及语法知识，逐一确定每个空的单词：如11空对应葬礼穿最好的衣服，用形容词最高级；12空修饰动词需用副词，结合前文悲伤情绪确定；13空为固定搭配“自言自语”；14空结合时间节点确定地点；15空为伴随状语的现在分词；16空描述葬礼时众人的状态；17空为固定搭配“犯错误”；18空为“开始做某事”的固定搭配；19空描述门的动作；20空对应故事里的男孩数量。
【解析】
11. 结合语境，葬礼时人们会穿最好的衣服，故填best；
12. 此处修饰动词walk需用副词，结合前文的sadness，填unhappily；
13. 固定搭配say to oneself（自言自语），主语为She，故填herself；
14. 结合时间节点“第二天早上”，孩子们从学校回来，填school；
15. 村民到达后低声谈论是伴随动作，用现在分词talking作伴随状语；
16. 描述葬礼时众人的状态，用过去式stood；
17. 固定搭配make a mistake（犯错误），填mistake；
18. 固定搭配start doing sth.，结合语境感动得哭，填crying；
19. 描述门打开的动作，用过去式opened；
20. 结合故事内容，是三个男孩，填three。
【答案】
best, unhappily, herself, school, talking, stood, mistake, crying, opened, three
【知识点】
完形填空，词汇运用，固定搭配
【点评】
本题改编自名著《汤姆·索亚历险记》，考查学生的语境理解能力、词性辨析及固定搭配的掌握，是初中英语常见题型，需结合上下文情节和语法知识作答。
【难度系数】
0.5