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三、阅读短文，回答问题
Some countries have large numbers of earthquakes. Japan is one of them. One of the most serious earthquakes in the world's history took place in Japan in 1923. The shock and fires caused by it destroyed much of Tokyo and Yokohama and left more than 140 000 deaths. Other countries do not have many earthquakes. For example, there are few earthquakes in Britain, France and Germany.
There is often a great noise during an earthquake, but it is not always so. Houses come down. Railway lines are broken. Sometimes many people are killed in an earthquake. People think earthquakes often happen near volcanoes（火山）. Well, this is true. But some earthquakes happen under the sea. They happen when the bottom（底部）of the sea suddenly moves. The powerful forces（力量）inside the earth break the rocks. What kind of building stands up best in an earthquake? A building with concrete（混凝土）walls may be the best against the earthquakes. A steel frame（框架）will make it even stronger.
前4题每题答案不超过10个词，第5题答案词数不限
1. How many people died in the earthquake in Japan in 1923?
2. Which countries have few earthquakes?
3. Where do earthquakes usually happen?
4. What kind of building stands up best in an earthquake?
5. How can we protect ourselves in an earthquake?
Some countries have large numbers of earthquakes. Japan is one of them. One of the most serious earthquakes in the world's history took place in Japan in 1923. The shock and fires caused by it destroyed much of Tokyo and Yokohama and left more than 140 000 deaths. Other countries do not have many earthquakes. For example, there are few earthquakes in Britain, France and Germany.
There is often a great noise during an earthquake, but it is not always so. Houses come down. Railway lines are broken. Sometimes many people are killed in an earthquake. People think earthquakes often happen near volcanoes（火山）. Well, this is true. But some earthquakes happen under the sea. They happen when the bottom（底部）of the sea suddenly moves. The powerful forces（力量）inside the earth break the rocks. What kind of building stands up best in an earthquake? A building with concrete（混凝土）walls may be the best against the earthquakes. A steel frame（框架）will make it even stronger.
前4题每题答案不超过10个词，第5题答案词数不限
1. How many people died in the earthquake in Japan in 1923?
More than 140 000 people.
2. Which countries have few earthquakes?
Britain, France and Germany.
3. Where do earthquakes usually happen?
Near volcanoes or under the sea.
4. What kind of building stands up best in an earthquake?
A building with concrete walls and a steel frame.
5. How can we protect ourselves in an earthquake?
Stay under a table./Get outside as soon as possible.
答案
1. More than 140 000 people.
2. Britain, France and Germany.
3. Near volcanoes or under the sea.
4. A building with concrete walls and a steel frame.
5. Stay under a table./Get outside as soon as possible.
2. Britain, France and Germany.
3. Near volcanoes or under the sea.
4. A building with concrete walls and a steel frame.
5. Stay under a table./Get outside as soon as possible.
解析
【分析】本题为英语阅读理解题，解题思路为：先通读短文把握主旨，再针对每个问题提取关键词，回到原文中定位对应信息，同时注意前4题答案不超过10个词的要求，第5题结合地震自救常识作答。具体步骤：1. 读问题，标记核心关键词；2. 回原文查找含关键词的句子；3. 提取符合要求的答案，确保前4题词数达标，第5题答案合理。
【解析】1. 定位原文第一段“One of the most serious earthquakes... left more than 140 000 deaths”，提取死亡人数；2. 定位原文第一段末尾“there are few earthquakes in Britain, France and Germany”，直接提取国家；3. 定位原文第二段“earthquakes often happen near volcanoes... some earthquakes happen under the sea”，整合地点；4. 定位原文第二段“A building with concrete walls may be the best... A steel frame will make it even stronger”，整合建筑类型；5. 结合地震自救常识，给出合理的保护措施。
【答案】1. More than 140 000 people.
2. Britain, France and Germany.
3. Near volcanoes or under the sea.
4. A building with concrete walls and a steel frame.
5. Stay under a table./Get outside as soon as possible.
【知识点】英语阅读理解，细节信息查找，地震自救常识
【点评】本题结合英语阅读与生活常识，侧重考查学生快速定位原文关键信息的能力，第5题贴近实际应用，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 定位原文第一段“One of the most serious earthquakes... left more than 140 000 deaths”，提取死亡人数；2. 定位原文第一段末尾“there are few earthquakes in Britain, France and Germany”，直接提取国家；3. 定位原文第二段“earthquakes often happen near volcanoes... some earthquakes happen under the sea”，整合地点；4. 定位原文第二段“A building with concrete walls may be the best... A steel frame will make it even stronger”，整合建筑类型；5. 结合地震自救常识，给出合理的保护措施。
【答案】1. More than 140 000 people.
2. Britain, France and Germany.
3. Near volcanoes or under the sea.
4. A building with concrete walls and a steel frame.
5. Stay under a table./Get outside as soon as possible.
【知识点】英语阅读理解，细节信息查找，地震自救常识
【点评】本题结合英语阅读与生活常识，侧重考查学生快速定位原文关键信息的能力，第5题贴近实际应用，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
