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D
What is the secret to happiness? In a Ted Talk, psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi said he had
found the answer: flow(心流).
Flow is the experience of being fully lost in a certain task. Csikszentmihalyi described it in his Ted
Talk as an exciting feeling which happens naturally. He says, "Flow is an ideal state(状态)of mind
where every part of the mind and body work together towards one purpose. Then we feel our best and
we do our best." People can get into a flow state when doing "just about anything", he adds.
After interviewing a lot of people who said they had experienced the flow, Csikszentmihalyi found
five conditions in flow states:
• Forgetting about time
• Having a sense of excitement
• Knowing exactly what you want
• Getting feedback(反馈) on what you are doing right now
• Knowing your purpose can be achieved, even if(即使) it is difficult
A flow state sounds lovely. So ▲ ?
"It is impossible to decide when to get into flow," says Norsworthy, a leader of Flow Centre. But
we can get more chances to experience it, he adds.
The key to entering a flow state is choosing a proper task according to your ability and skills. A task
that doesn't need much skill, like washing the clothes, may lead to little interest. A task with great
difficulty where one doesn't have the needed skill may make people nervous. However, if a task is
difficult and we have the skills necessary to finish it, there's higher chance for us to experience flow.
Norsworthy talks about his running practice. "When I first got started, it was not a flow state at
all," he says. As he practised more, he began to achieve a flow state. However, he also mentions that
there are some actions that may stop you getting into a flow state. Knowing how to avoid these actions is
important.
()42. How did Csikszentmihalyi find the conditions of flow?
A. By doing some science tests.
B. By reading books about happiness.
C. By talking about flow in his Ted Talk.
D. By asking people about their experiences.
()43. Which of the following shows a person is in a flow state?
A. When I am reading interesting books, I have no sense of time.
B. When I am doing a task, I don't know what I should do next.
C. When I am in a football team,I find myself less important.
D. When I finish a task, my teacher doesn't give me his opinion.
()44. Which is the most suitable for the blank ▲ ?
A. why is flow state so important
B. when do you enter a flow state
C. how do you achieve a flow state
D. what is a flow state
()45. What may the writer talk about next?
A. The usages of flow. B. The killers of flow.
C. The examples of flow. D. The activities of flow.
What is the secret to happiness? In a Ted Talk, psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi said he had
found the answer: flow(心流).
Flow is the experience of being fully lost in a certain task. Csikszentmihalyi described it in his Ted
Talk as an exciting feeling which happens naturally. He says, "Flow is an ideal state(状态)of mind
where every part of the mind and body work together towards one purpose. Then we feel our best and
we do our best." People can get into a flow state when doing "just about anything", he adds.
After interviewing a lot of people who said they had experienced the flow, Csikszentmihalyi found
five conditions in flow states:
• Forgetting about time
• Having a sense of excitement
• Knowing exactly what you want
• Getting feedback(反馈) on what you are doing right now
• Knowing your purpose can be achieved, even if(即使) it is difficult
A flow state sounds lovely. So ▲ ?
"It is impossible to decide when to get into flow," says Norsworthy, a leader of Flow Centre. But
we can get more chances to experience it, he adds.
The key to entering a flow state is choosing a proper task according to your ability and skills. A task
that doesn't need much skill, like washing the clothes, may lead to little interest. A task with great
difficulty where one doesn't have the needed skill may make people nervous. However, if a task is
difficult and we have the skills necessary to finish it, there's higher chance for us to experience flow.
Norsworthy talks about his running practice. "When I first got started, it was not a flow state at
all," he says. As he practised more, he began to achieve a flow state. However, he also mentions that
there are some actions that may stop you getting into a flow state. Knowing how to avoid these actions is
important.
()42. How did Csikszentmihalyi find the conditions of flow?
A. By doing some science tests.
B. By reading books about happiness.
C. By talking about flow in his Ted Talk.
D. By asking people about their experiences.
()43. Which of the following shows a person is in a flow state?
A. When I am reading interesting books, I have no sense of time.
B. When I am doing a task, I don't know what I should do next.
C. When I am in a football team,I find myself less important.
D. When I finish a task, my teacher doesn't give me his opinion.
()44. Which is the most suitable for the blank ▲ ?
A. why is flow state so important
B. when do you enter a flow state
C. how do you achieve a flow state
D. what is a flow state
()45. What may the writer talk about next?
A. The usages of flow. B. The killers of flow.
C. The examples of flow. D. The activities of flow.
答案
D [文章大意]本文主要介绍了心理学家Mihaly
Csikszentmihalyi提出的“心流”概念及其五个条件:忘记时间、感到兴奋、明确目标、即时反馈、目标可实现性。
Csikszentmihalyi通过采访体验过“心流”的人，总结出“心流”状态的关键在于选择与自身能力匹配的任务，难度适中才能进人“心流”状态。
42.D [解析]细节理解题。根据文中“Afterinterviewinga lot of people who said they had experienced the flow,
Csikszentmihalyi found five conditions in flow states”可知，他是通过采访许多经历过“心流”状态的人来了解“心流”的。故选D。
43.A [解析]细节理解题。根据文中“Forgettingab)out time”“Having a sense of excitement”"Knowing exactly whatyouwant”"Gettingfeedback(反馈)onwhatyouare doing right now”和“Knowing your purpose can be achieved,even(即使)ifitisdifficult”可知,“心流”状态的特点包括忘记时间、感到兴奋、明确目标、即时反馈以及目标可实现性。选项A“我阅读有趣的书时忘记时间”符合“心流”状态。故选A。
44.C [解析]句子还原题。根据文中“Thekeytoenteringa flow state is choosing a proper task according to your abilityandskills."可知，进入“心流”状态的关键是选择一个适合自己的任务。由此可知，空处说的是如何达到“心流”状态。故选C。
45.B [解析]推理判断题。根据文中“However,healso mentions that there are someactions that may stop you getting into a flow state.Knowing how to avoid these actionsisimportant.”可知,作者接下来可能会谈到阻碍进入“心流”状态的因素。故选B。
归纳总结预测文章的发展趋势要关注过渡词
时间顺序:first、next、finally→预测按步骤展开的内容。
因果关系:because、thus→预测结果或解决方案。
对比关系:ontheotherhand、whereas→预测对比对象的差异。
例:文申出现“However,he also menttions thatt there are someactionsthat maystop you gettingintoa flowstate.”,所以后文可能写阻碍进入“心流”状态的因素。
Csikszentmihalyi提出的“心流”概念及其五个条件:忘记时间、感到兴奋、明确目标、即时反馈、目标可实现性。
Csikszentmihalyi通过采访体验过“心流”的人，总结出“心流”状态的关键在于选择与自身能力匹配的任务，难度适中才能进人“心流”状态。
42.D [解析]细节理解题。根据文中“Afterinterviewinga lot of people who said they had experienced the flow,
Csikszentmihalyi found five conditions in flow states”可知，他是通过采访许多经历过“心流”状态的人来了解“心流”的。故选D。
43.A [解析]细节理解题。根据文中“Forgettingab)out time”“Having a sense of excitement”"Knowing exactly whatyouwant”"Gettingfeedback(反馈)onwhatyouare doing right now”和“Knowing your purpose can be achieved,even(即使)ifitisdifficult”可知,“心流”状态的特点包括忘记时间、感到兴奋、明确目标、即时反馈以及目标可实现性。选项A“我阅读有趣的书时忘记时间”符合“心流”状态。故选A。
44.C [解析]句子还原题。根据文中“Thekeytoenteringa flow state is choosing a proper task according to your abilityandskills."可知，进入“心流”状态的关键是选择一个适合自己的任务。由此可知，空处说的是如何达到“心流”状态。故选C。
45.B [解析]推理判断题。根据文中“However,healso mentions that there are someactions that may stop you getting into a flow state.Knowing how to avoid these actionsisimportant.”可知,作者接下来可能会谈到阻碍进入“心流”状态的因素。故选B。
归纳总结预测文章的发展趋势要关注过渡词
时间顺序:first、next、finally→预测按步骤展开的内容。
因果关系:because、thus→预测结果或解决方案。
对比关系:ontheotherhand、whereas→预测对比对象的差异。
例:文申出现“However,he also menttions thatt there are someactionsthat maystop you gettingintoa flowstate.”,所以后文可能写阻碍进入“心流”状态的因素。
第四部分 信息还原(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)
请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A carbon footprint(碳足迹) is the total number of greenhouse gases(温室气体) that are
produced by our actions. A person's carbon footprint in the United States is 16 tons, one of the highest
in the world. To avoid a 2 ℃ rise in earth's temperatures, the carbon footprint per year needs to drop to
under 2 tons by 2050. 46 So here are some simple steps we can take to help.
Look at what you're eating
Eating more vegetables and fruits and less meat is surely good for our environment. 47 Eating
less meat can reduce your carbon footprint by up to 500 kilograms of CO₂ per year.
Save energy at home
Much of the home energy are powered by coal, oil and gas. Try to use less energy by washing your
clothes with cold water. 48 For example, you can put in solar panels(太阳能板) to collect energy
from the sun for your home.
Walk, bike or take public transport
The world's roadways are full of traffic, and most of them are polluting the air. Walking or riding a
bike instead of driving will reduce greenhouse gas. 49 For longer trips, choosing public transport
will be better.
Reduce, reuse and recycle
Buying things that are well made can go a long way to reducing the number of waste one produces.
50 Of course, if you can't reuse something, you can also try to recycle it.
A. Another terrible fact is that much food is wasted.
B. It will also do harm to your health and fitness.
C. Choose to use energy from the sun and wind if possible.
D. If you really need a car, why not choose an electric(电动的) one?
E. It's not easy to lower the carbon footprints from 16 tons to 2 tons.
F. This is because producing foods made from plants needs less energy.
G. If you don't want something anymore, give it away or try to reuse it.
46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A carbon footprint(碳足迹) is the total number of greenhouse gases(温室气体) that are
produced by our actions. A person's carbon footprint in the United States is 16 tons, one of the highest
in the world. To avoid a 2 ℃ rise in earth's temperatures, the carbon footprint per year needs to drop to
under 2 tons by 2050. 46 So here are some simple steps we can take to help.
Look at what you're eating
Eating more vegetables and fruits and less meat is surely good for our environment. 47 Eating
less meat can reduce your carbon footprint by up to 500 kilograms of CO₂ per year.
Save energy at home
Much of the home energy are powered by coal, oil and gas. Try to use less energy by washing your
clothes with cold water. 48 For example, you can put in solar panels(太阳能板) to collect energy
from the sun for your home.
Walk, bike or take public transport
The world's roadways are full of traffic, and most of them are polluting the air. Walking or riding a
bike instead of driving will reduce greenhouse gas. 49 For longer trips, choosing public transport
will be better.
Reduce, reuse and recycle
Buying things that are well made can go a long way to reducing the number of waste one produces.
50 Of course, if you can't reuse something, you can also try to recycle it.
A. Another terrible fact is that much food is wasted.
B. It will also do harm to your health and fitness.
C. Choose to use energy from the sun and wind if possible.
D. If you really need a car, why not choose an electric(电动的) one?
E. It's not easy to lower the carbon footprints from 16 tons to 2 tons.
F. This is because producing foods made from plants needs less energy.
G. If you don't want something anymore, give it away or try to reuse it.
46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
答案
第四部分 [文章大意]本文介绍了减少碳足迹的方法。
46.E [解析]根据空前的“Toavoid a2℃rise in earth’s temperatures,thecarbon footprint peryearneedstodrop tounder2tonsby2050.”可知，此处提到了一个具体的目标,即到2050年每人每年的碳足迹需要降至2吨以下。因此，接下来应该提供一些帮助实现这一目标的具体步骤。选项E承接上文同时引出下文的具体建议。故选E。
47.F [解析]根据空前的“Eating morevegetablesand fruits and lessmeatissurely good forour environment.”可知,多吃水果和蔬菜、少吃肉对环境有帮助;空处应解释原因，同时空后“Eating less meat can reduce your carbon footprintbyupto500kilogramsof(CO2peryear.”进一步阐述了减少肉类摄入可以显著减少碳足迹。故选F。
48.C [解析]根据空后的“Forexample,youcanputinsolar panels(太F阳能板)tocollect energy from thesun foryour home.”可知，你可以用太阳能板收集能量，所以空处指要尽可能地选择使用太阳能和风能。故选C。
49.D [解析]根据空前的“Walkingorridingabikeinsteadof drivingwill reducegreenhousegas.”可知,步行或骑自行车代替开车可以减少温室气体排放。根据空后的“For longer trips,choosingpublic transportwill bebetter.”可知，对于长途旅行，选择公共交通会更好。因此，选项
D也提供了一个替代方案，即选择电动汽车。故选D。
50.G [解析]根据空后的“Ofcourse,ifyou can’t reuse something，youcanalsotrytorecycleit.”可知,如果你不能重复使用某物，你也可以尝试回收利用它。根据“also”可知，前面也是一种解决策略，选项G中“giveitawayor trytoreuseit”符合文意。故选G。
46.E [解析]根据空前的“Toavoid a2℃rise in earth’s temperatures,thecarbon footprint peryearneedstodrop tounder2tonsby2050.”可知，此处提到了一个具体的目标,即到2050年每人每年的碳足迹需要降至2吨以下。因此，接下来应该提供一些帮助实现这一目标的具体步骤。选项E承接上文同时引出下文的具体建议。故选E。
47.F [解析]根据空前的“Eating morevegetablesand fruits and lessmeatissurely good forour environment.”可知,多吃水果和蔬菜、少吃肉对环境有帮助;空处应解释原因，同时空后“Eating less meat can reduce your carbon footprintbyupto500kilogramsof(CO2peryear.”进一步阐述了减少肉类摄入可以显著减少碳足迹。故选F。
48.C [解析]根据空后的“Forexample,youcanputinsolar panels(太F阳能板)tocollect energy from thesun foryour home.”可知，你可以用太阳能板收集能量，所以空处指要尽可能地选择使用太阳能和风能。故选C。
49.D [解析]根据空前的“Walkingorridingabikeinsteadof drivingwill reducegreenhousegas.”可知,步行或骑自行车代替开车可以减少温室气体排放。根据空后的“For longer trips,choosingpublic transportwill bebetter.”可知，对于长途旅行，选择公共交通会更好。因此，选项
D也提供了一个替代方案，即选择电动汽车。故选D。
50.G [解析]根据空后的“Ofcourse,ifyou can’t reuse something，youcanalsotrytorecycleit.”可知,如果你不能重复使用某物，你也可以尝试回收利用它。根据“also”可知，前面也是一种解决策略，选项G中“giveitawayor trytoreuseit”符合文意。故选G。
