2026年初中必刷题九年级英语下册人教版第31页答案
题组训练一 harmful 的相关用法
1. Parents' job is to protect their children from
harmful
(harm) information on the Internet.
2. Some of the germs (细菌) are
harmless
(harm) and they do not make us sick.
3. [2025 重庆潼南区调研] Smoking does harm to our health. (改为同义句)
Smoking
is
harmful
to
our health.

答案

1. harmful 句意为:父母的工作是保护他们的孩子免受网上有害信息的侵害。此处指有害的信息,应用形容词作定语,故填 harmful。
2. harmless 由 they do not make us sick 可知,一些细菌是无害的,故填形容词 harmless,作表语,意为"无害的"。
3. is harmful to/is bad for

解析

【分析】
本题考查harm的相关派生词用法及同义句转换,需结合语境和语法规则解题:
1. 第1题空格后是名词information,需用形容词作定语修饰,结合语境“网上有害信息”,确定用harm的形容词形式harmful;
2. 第2题后半句说明细菌不会致病,故需表达“无害的”,用harm的反义词形容词harmless作表语;
3. 第3题需转换“do harm to”的同义表达,掌握其同义短语“be harmful to”或“be bad for”,结合主语单复数确定be动词形式。
【解析】
1. 空格后为名词information,需形容词作定语修饰,harm的形容词形式harmful意为“有害的”,符合语境,故填harmful;
2. 由后半句“they do not make us sick”可知,此处需表达“无害的”,harm的反义词形容词harmless作表语,故填harmless;
3. “do harm to”意为“对……有害”,同义表达为“be harmful to”或“be bad for”,主语smoking为第三人称单数,be动词用is,故填is harmful to / is bad for。
【答案】
1. harmful;2. harmless;3. is harmful to / is bad for
【知识点】
形容词的用法、同义句转换、派生词
【点评】
本题围绕harm的派生词及固定搭配展开,考查形容词在句中作定语、表语的用法,以及同义短语转换,属于基础词汇应用类题目,需掌握派生词构词法和固定搭配。
【难度系数】
0.7
题组训练二 afford 的相关用法
4. They walked home yesterday evening because they couldn't afford
to take
(take) a taxi.
5. The poor family could not afford such an operation. (保持句意基本一致)
The poor family didn't
have
enough
money
for
such an operation.

答案

4. to take can't afford to do sth. 为固定搭配,意为"负担不起做某事",故填 to take。
5. have enough money for

解析

【分析】
第4题考查afford的固定搭配用法,需回忆“can't afford to do sth”这一结构;第5题是同义句转换,要找到“could not afford sth”的同义表达。
【解析】
4. “can't afford to do sth”是固定搭配,意为“负担不起做某事”,此处take是动词,需用不定式形式,故填to take。
5. “could not afford sth”(负担不起某物)可转换为“didn't have enough money for sth”,保持句意基本一致,故空格处填have enough money for。
【答案】
4. to take
5. have enough money for
【知识点】
afford的固定用法;同义句转换
【点评】
本题组围绕afford的相关用法展开,考查固定搭配和同义转换,属于基础知识点,需熟练掌握相关结构与表达。
【难度系数】
0.7
辨析 take、pay、spend 与 cost
6. —Could you please tell me how you'll
spend
(度过) your summer vacation?
—Sure. I'm going to learn some life skills, like cooking.
7. [2024 黑龙江佳木斯质检] Collecting stamps has
cost
(cost/take/spend/pay) me too much money, but I won't give up.
8. The young man's parents
paid for
(为……付款) his education three years ago.
9. 制作一把纸伞要花费大约一周的时间。(take)
It takes about one/a week to make a paper umbrella.

10. The book about history cost me 2 dollars. (改为同义句)
I
paid
2 dollars
for
the book about history.

答案

6. spend
7. cost 句意为:集邮花费我太多钱,但我不会放弃。cost sb. some money 为固定搭配,意为"花费某人一些钱"。由 has 可知此处应填过去分词 cost。
8. paid for
9. It takes about one/a week to make a paper umbrella.
10. paid;for/spent;on

解析

【分析】
首先明确take、pay、spend、cost四个表示“花费”的动词的核心用法差异,再结合每道题的主语、语境、时态、搭配要求逐一匹配:
1. 四词用法区分:
spend:主语为人,可表“度过时间”,搭配为spend time/money on sth. / (in) doing sth.;
cost:主语为物,搭配cost sb. some money,表某物花费某人钱;
take:常用句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.,表做某事花费时间;
pay:主语为人,搭配pay for sth.,表为某物付款。
2. 结合每小题的具体语境,确定动词的正确形式。
【解析】
6. 句意为“你能告诉我你将如何度过暑假吗?”,主语是you(人),需表达“度过假期”,用spend;will后接动词原形,故填spend。
7. 句意为“集邮花费我太多钱,但我不会放弃”,主语是动名词短语Collecting stamps(表事物),符合cost的用法;由has可知为现在完成时,cost的过去分词是cost,故填cost。
8. 句意为“这个年轻人的父母三年前为他的教育付款”,主语是parents(人),搭配pay for表“为……付款”;时间状语three years ago表过去,用一般过去时,pay的过去式是paid,故填paid for。
9. 考查take的固定句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.,“大约一周”译为about one/a week,“制作一把纸伞”译为make a paper umbrella,故完整句子为It takes about one/a week to make a paper umbrella.
10. 原句为“sth cost sb. money”,同义句可转换为“sb. pay money for sth.”或“sb. spend money on sth.”;原句是一般过去时,故填paid;for或spent;on。
【答案】
6. spend
7. cost
8. paid for
9. It takes about one/a week to make a paper umbrella.
10. paid;for/spent;on
【知识点】
花费动词用法辨析、同义句转换
【点评】
本题组围绕初中英语核心考点展开,需准确掌握take、pay、spend、cost的主语、搭配差异,涵盖动词形式、时态、句型转换等考查点,是基础高频考点,适合巩固练习。
【难度系数】
0.4
一、写作词汇积累
1. 塑料的
plastic

2. 科学上的;科学的
scientific

3. 对……有害
be harmful to

4. 关掉
turn off

5. 参加
take part in

6. 好好利用某物
put sth. to good use/make good use of sth.

答案

1. plastic 2. scientific 3. be harmful to
4. turn off 5. take part in
6. put sth. to good use/make good use of sth.

解析

【分析】本题为英语基础词汇与短语积累题,需根据给出的汉语释义,回忆并匹配对应的英语单词或固定短语,注意区分单词词性、短语的固定搭配形式,确保答案准确规范。
【解析】1. “塑料的”对应的英语单词为plastic;2. “科学上的;科学的”对应的英语形容词为scientific;3. “对……有害”的固定英语短语为be harmful to;4. “关掉”(电器等)的固定英语短语为turn off;5. “参加”(活动等)的固定英语短语为take part in;6. “好好利用某物”的常用英语表达为put sth. to good use或make good use of sth.。
【答案】1. plastic 2. scientific 3. be harmful to 4. turn off 5. take part in 6. put sth. to good use/make good use of sth.
【知识点】英语单词积累、英语短语积累
【点评】本题属于英语基础词汇考察题,侧重常用单词与固定短语的记忆,是英语学习的基础内容,难度较低。
【难度系数】0.8
二、写作句型积累
7. 我们应该认识到环保的重要性。(the importance of)
We should realize the importance of environmental protection.

8. 我们应该停止开车,多走路。(stop doing sth.)
We should stop driving cars and walk more.

9. 骑车不仅有助于保护环境,还对健康有好处。(not only... but also...)
Riding a bike not only helps protect the environment, but is also good for health.

答案

7. We should realize the importance of environmental protection.
8. We should stop driving cars and walk more.
9. Riding a bike not only helps protect the environment, but is also good for health.

解析

【分析】
本题要求根据括号内提示的英语短语,将中文句子翻译成符合语法规范的英语句子。解题时需紧扣提示短语的结构,准确对应中文含义,注意英语句式的正确表达:第7题需用“the importance of”结构;第8题需用“stop doing sth.”结构;第9题需用“not only...but also...”结构,同时要保证句子的主谓一致和逻辑通顺。
【解析】
7. 确定主语为“We”,“应该”用情态动词“should”,“认识到”对应“realize”,结合提示短语“the importance of”,后接名词短语“environmental protection”,组合成正确句子:We should realize the importance of environmental protection.
8. 主语为“We”,“应该”用“should”,用到提示结构“stop doing sth.”,“开车”是“drive cars”,动名词形式为“driving cars”,“多走路”是“walk more”,用and连接并列动作,得到句子:We should stop driving cars and walk more.
9. 主语“骑车”用动名词短语“Riding a bike”,用到提示结构“not only...but also...”,“有助于保护环境”是“helps protect the environment”,“对健康有好处”是“is good for health”,保持句式平行,组合成句子:Riding a bike not only helps protect the environment, but is also good for health.
【答案】
We should realize the importance of environmental protection.
We should stop driving cars and walk more.
Riding a bike not only helps protect the environment, but is also good for health.
【知识点】
英语句型运用;stop doing结构;not only...but also结构
【点评】
本题考查基础英语句型及固定短语的运用,需准确掌握提示结构的用法,注意动名词、情态动词等的正确使用,属于英语学习中的基础积累类题目。
【难度系数】
0.7
三、写作任务
[2024 湖南湘潭模拟] 假如你是李辉,你校英文报近期将要开展以“保护环境,从我做起”为主题的演讲活动,要求每位学生写一封倡议书,号召全体师生从小事做起,维护我们赖以生存的环境。请你根据以下信息,写一封英文倡议书。
要求:(1) 语句通顺,语法正确,可适当发挥;
(2) 词数 80—100,开头已给出,不计入总词数。



Dear teachers and students,
The clean environment can help people feel happy and healthy. But now our environment has become worse and worse.
So how can we help protect it? Here are some ways.

First, we can stop driving cars. We can go to school or work on foot or by bus. It not only can protect the environment, but is also good for our health. Second, we are supposed to sort the rubbish into different kinds because some can be reused or recycled. Third, we had better plant trees, one tree a year at least. What's more, stop littering! It's necessary to put things you don't need in the bins.

There's a lot for us to do to help. I think if everyone does something, our environment will become better and better.

答案

【参考范文】
Dear teachers and students,
The clean environment can help people feel happy and healthy. But now our environment has become worse and worse. So how can we help protect it? Here are some ways.
First, we can stop driving cars. We can go to school or work on foot or by bus. It not only can protect the environment, but is also good for our health. Second, we are supposed to sort the rubbish into different kinds because some can be reused or recycled. Third, we had better plant trees, one tree a year at least. What's more, stop littering! It's necessary to put things you don't need in the bins.
There's a lot for us to do to help. I think if everyone does something, our environment will become better and better.

解析

【分析】
本题为英语倡议书写作题,主题是“保护环境,从我做起”,要求结合给定的三种环保方式(停止开车、垃圾分类、种树),补充合理内容,完成80-100词的英文倡议书,开头已给出。解题思路:先承接开头提到的环境恶化问题,自然引出“如何保护环境”的话题;接着分点阐述给定的环保措施,适当补充细节让内容更充实;最后发出号召,表达对环境变好的期望,确保语句通顺、语法正确,符合倡议书的语气。
【解析】
写作步骤如下:
1. 承接开头,用“So how can we help protect it? Here are some ways.”引出下文的环保方法;
2. 依次阐述给定的三种措施:
停止开车:说明可步行或乘公交,既环保又有益健康;
垃圾分类:解释分类的原因(部分可回收再利用);
种树:建议每年至少种一棵树;
3. 补充合理建议(如不乱扔垃圾,将不需要的东西放进垃圾桶);
4. 结尾总结,号召大家行动,表达“每个人付出一点,环境会越来越好”的期望,确保词数符合要求,语法正确。
【答案】
Dear teachers and students,
The clean environment can help people feel happy and healthy. But now our environment has become worse and worse. So how can we help protect it? Here are some ways.
First, we can stop driving cars. We can go to school or work on foot or by bus. It not only can protect the environment, but is also good for our health. Second, we are supposed to sort the rubbish into different kinds because some can be reused or recycled. Third, we had better plant trees, one tree a year at least. What's more, stop littering! It's necessary to put things you don't need in the bins.
There's a lot for us to do to help. I think if everyone does something, our environment will become better and better.
【知识点】
英语应用文写作、环境保护英语表达、句子连贯
【点评】
该范文紧扣主题,结构清晰,逻辑连贯,准确运用题目给定的环保措施,补充了合理细节,语言通顺自然,符合倡议书的文体要求,适合学生学习借鉴。
【难度系数】
0.5