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五、阅读理解
On Sept. 7, 2023, famous Chinese archaeologist（考古学家）Fan Jinshi, 85, was honoured by UNESCO for her efforts in the protection of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. Called the “Daughter of Dunhuang”, her story with the caves started 60 years ago. In 1963, Fan, then a 25-year-old Peking University graduate, had the chance to work at the Mogao Caves, a place which she had wanted to explore for a long time.
“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was breathtaking. But only when truly staying here did I realize that inside the caves is a world of divine（神圣的）beauty while outside is a land of blowing sand and yellow earth,” Fan told Gansu Daily.
Back in those days, the Mogao Caves were almost completely cut off from the world. Fan and her co-workers had to live in mud houses and drink salty water. They stayed inside the caves to do research, copy murals（壁画）, and do whatever they could to protect and restore them.
In 2011, after 40 years of hard work, a report on 10 Mogao Caves compiled（编写）by Fan's team was finally published. It is known as China's first professional report on cave archaeology, reported Gansu Daily.
As time passed, Fan found a serious problem. The increasing number of tourists visiting Dunhuang might harm the caves, causing the murals inside to lose their colours. A way out needed to be found to preserve Dunhuang's heritage（遗产）.
In the late 1980s, Fan came across computer technology by chance. She realized that this might preserve the Mogao Caves forever. After over 30 years of exploration, the Dunhuang Academy built a digital record system to protect cultural relics（文物）there, allowing Dunhuang's art to live forever and to step out of the caves to meet the world.
“In my whole life, I've only done one thing: protect and promote the world cultural heritage of the Mogao Caves,” she told People's Daily. “My heart belongs to Dunhuang.”
（
A. She found it hard to breathe in the caves.
B. She preferred the sandy land to the caves.
C. She disliked the natural environment outside the caves.
D. She was deeply impressed by the beauty of the Mogao Caves.
（
A. Increase. B. Protect. C. Improve. D. Change.
（
① Fan was honoured by UNESCO.
② Fan Jinshi went to work at the Mogao Caves.
③ A professional report on 10 Mogao Caves came out.
④ A digital record system was built by the Dunhuang Academy.
A. ②→③→④→① B. ①→②→③→④ C. ①→③→④→② D. ②→④→③→①
（
A. To explain how to make good use of computer technology.
B. To encourage more young people to study archaeology.
C. To introduce Fan Jinshi and her great work in Dunhuang.
D. To show how serious the pollution problem is in Dunhuang.
On Sept. 7, 2023, famous Chinese archaeologist（考古学家）Fan Jinshi, 85, was honoured by UNESCO for her efforts in the protection of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. Called the “Daughter of Dunhuang”, her story with the caves started 60 years ago. In 1963, Fan, then a 25-year-old Peking University graduate, had the chance to work at the Mogao Caves, a place which she had wanted to explore for a long time.
“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was breathtaking. But only when truly staying here did I realize that inside the caves is a world of divine（神圣的）beauty while outside is a land of blowing sand and yellow earth,” Fan told Gansu Daily.
Back in those days, the Mogao Caves were almost completely cut off from the world. Fan and her co-workers had to live in mud houses and drink salty water. They stayed inside the caves to do research, copy murals（壁画）, and do whatever they could to protect and restore them.
In 2011, after 40 years of hard work, a report on 10 Mogao Caves compiled（编写）by Fan's team was finally published. It is known as China's first professional report on cave archaeology, reported Gansu Daily.
As time passed, Fan found a serious problem. The increasing number of tourists visiting Dunhuang might harm the caves, causing the murals inside to lose their colours. A way out needed to be found to preserve Dunhuang's heritage（遗产）.
In the late 1980s, Fan came across computer technology by chance. She realized that this might preserve the Mogao Caves forever. After over 30 years of exploration, the Dunhuang Academy built a digital record system to protect cultural relics（文物）there, allowing Dunhuang's art to live forever and to step out of the caves to meet the world.
“In my whole life, I've only done one thing: protect and promote the world cultural heritage of the Mogao Caves,” she told People's Daily. “My heart belongs to Dunhuang.”
（
D
）1. What can we learn about Fan Jinshi from paragraph 2?A. She found it hard to breathe in the caves.
B. She preferred the sandy land to the caves.
C. She disliked the natural environment outside the caves.
D. She was deeply impressed by the beauty of the Mogao Caves.
（
B
）2. What does the underlined word “preserve” mean?A. Increase. B. Protect. C. Improve. D. Change.
（
A
）3. Which of the following shows the correct order of the events?① Fan was honoured by UNESCO.
② Fan Jinshi went to work at the Mogao Caves.
③ A professional report on 10 Mogao Caves came out.
④ A digital record system was built by the Dunhuang Academy.
A. ②→③→④→① B. ①→②→③→④ C. ①→③→④→② D. ②→④→③→①
（
C
）4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain how to make good use of computer technology.
B. To encourage more young people to study archaeology.
C. To introduce Fan Jinshi and her great work in Dunhuang.
D. To show how serious the pollution problem is in Dunhuang.
答案
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C
解析
【分析】本题为英语阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对各小题定位原文信息逐一分析：第1题需定位第二段提取樊锦诗对莫高窟的感受；第2题结合上下文语境猜测划线词词义；第3题需梳理各事件的时间顺序；第4题归纳全文主旨。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位第二段，Fan提到“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was breathtaking. But only when truly staying here did I realize that inside the caves is a world of divine beauty”，可知她被莫高窟的美深深打动，对应选项D；A选项“呼吸困难”、B选项“更喜欢沙地”、C选项“不喜欢洞外环境”均与原文不符，故选D。
2. 词义猜测题：划线词所在句前文提到游客增多可能损害洞窟，后文围绕保护敦煌遗产展开，故preserve意为“保护”，对应选项B；A“增加”、C“改善”、D“改变”均不符合语境，故选B。
3. 事件排序题：梳理各事件时间：②1963年樊锦诗到莫高窟工作；③2011年10个莫高窟专业报告出版；④建数字记录系统是在2011年后的30多年；①2023年被UNESCO表彰，故顺序为②→③→④→①，选A。
4. 主旨大意题：全文围绕樊锦诗的生平及她在敦煌莫高窟保护与推广方面的工作展开，对应选项C；A侧重计算机技术、B鼓励学考古、D讲污染问题均偏离主旨，故选C。
【答案】1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】本题围绕樊锦诗保护敦煌的事迹设题，涵盖细节理解、词义猜测、事件排序、主旨大意等题型，考查学生对文章信息的定位、理解与归纳能力，文本贴近人物事迹，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位第二段，Fan提到“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was breathtaking. But only when truly staying here did I realize that inside the caves is a world of divine beauty”，可知她被莫高窟的美深深打动，对应选项D；A选项“呼吸困难”、B选项“更喜欢沙地”、C选项“不喜欢洞外环境”均与原文不符，故选D。
2. 词义猜测题：划线词所在句前文提到游客增多可能损害洞窟，后文围绕保护敦煌遗产展开，故preserve意为“保护”，对应选项B；A“增加”、C“改善”、D“改变”均不符合语境，故选B。
3. 事件排序题：梳理各事件时间：②1963年樊锦诗到莫高窟工作；③2011年10个莫高窟专业报告出版；④建数字记录系统是在2011年后的30多年；①2023年被UNESCO表彰，故顺序为②→③→④→①，选A。
4. 主旨大意题：全文围绕樊锦诗的生平及她在敦煌莫高窟保护与推广方面的工作展开，对应选项C；A侧重计算机技术、B鼓励学考古、D讲污染问题均偏离主旨，故选C。
【答案】1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】本题围绕樊锦诗保护敦煌的事迹设题，涵盖细节理解、词义猜测、事件排序、主旨大意等题型，考查学生对文章信息的定位、理解与归纳能力，文本贴近人物事迹，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
