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B (2025·南通市期中)
① The United Nations (UN) has decided that 2025 is the year of glacier (冰川) protection. It has also set March 21, 2025, as the first yearly World Day for Glaciers to ask everyone to help save glaciers. You can think of glaciers as slowly moving ice and snow on land. Over time, the snow adds up and turns into glacier ice. Glaciers have shaped mountains and valleys (山谷) over the earth's history. They are still moving and changing land in many places today.
② Glaciers are not just important for the land. The water from glaciers is also good for rivers and seas. In some places, glaciers give water to people and animals. They help keep the earth's temperature constant (恒温). They also hold 70% of the earth's clean water. In areas like the Himalayas, many people need glacier water to live.
③ However, climate change is making problems for glaciers. Many glaciers are disappearing (消失). There will be less water for people to drink and farm. It is also bad for animals and plants. To deal with the problem, China is using smart ideas to slow down glacier melting (融化), UNESCO said.
④ One idea is to use special glacier blankets (毯子) to slow melting. At Dagu Glacier, these blankets covered 500 m² and slowed melting by 34% (2020—2021). In Xinjiang's Glacier No. 1, thinner blankets worked even better, cutting summer melting by up to 70%. The blankets block sunlight to protect the ice.
⑤ Scientists also create artificial snow (人造雪) to help glaciers stay cooler and melt more slowly. In April and May 2023, scientists did this in the Bailanghe Glacier. The glacier grew 5.9 per cent bigger. It is also important to watch glaciers carefully. Scientists use special devices (设备) to watch glaciers. This helps scientists know how glaciers are changing. By studying the numbers, scientists can find better ways to protect glaciers.
(
A. stop B. choose C. mix D. change
名师精讲
(
① they offer fresh water to people and animals
② they cover 70% of the earth's surface (表面)
③ climate change makes problems for them
④ they are important to rivers and seas
A. ①② B. ③④ C. ①②③ D. ①③④
(
A. Glacier blankets made Dagu Glacier stop melting in 2020—2021.
B. Glaciers move quickly across the land and make fast changes on land.
C. Artificial snow projects are more helpful than glacier blankets for all glaciers.
D. Studying glaciers with special devices helps find out how to protect glaciers better.
(
① The United Nations (UN) has decided that 2025 is the year of glacier (冰川) protection. It has also set March 21, 2025, as the first yearly World Day for Glaciers to ask everyone to help save glaciers. You can think of glaciers as slowly moving ice and snow on land. Over time, the snow adds up and turns into glacier ice. Glaciers have shaped mountains and valleys (山谷) over the earth's history. They are still moving and changing land in many places today.
② Glaciers are not just important for the land. The water from glaciers is also good for rivers and seas. In some places, glaciers give water to people and animals. They help keep the earth's temperature constant (恒温). They also hold 70% of the earth's clean water. In areas like the Himalayas, many people need glacier water to live.
③ However, climate change is making problems for glaciers. Many glaciers are disappearing (消失). There will be less water for people to drink and farm. It is also bad for animals and plants. To deal with the problem, China is using smart ideas to slow down glacier melting (融化), UNESCO said.
④ One idea is to use special glacier blankets (毯子) to slow melting. At Dagu Glacier, these blankets covered 500 m² and slowed melting by 34% (2020—2021). In Xinjiang's Glacier No. 1, thinner blankets worked even better, cutting summer melting by up to 70%. The blankets block sunlight to protect the ice.
⑤ Scientists also create artificial snow (人造雪) to help glaciers stay cooler and melt more slowly. In April and May 2023, scientists did this in the Bailanghe Glacier. The glacier grew 5.9 per cent bigger. It is also important to watch glaciers carefully. Scientists use special devices (设备) to watch glaciers. This helps scientists know how glaciers are changing. By studying the numbers, scientists can find better ways to protect glaciers.
(
A
)1. What's the meaning of the underlined word "block" in Paragraph 4?A. stop B. choose C. mix D. change
名师精讲
(
D
)2. 新考法 组合选择 In this passage, the UN wants to protect glaciers because .① they offer fresh water to people and animals
② they cover 70% of the earth's surface (表面)
③ climate change makes problems for them
④ they are important to rivers and seas
A. ①② B. ③④ C. ①②③ D. ①③④
(
D
)3. What can we learn from the passage?A. Glacier blankets made Dagu Glacier stop melting in 2020—2021.
B. Glaciers move quickly across the land and make fast changes on land.
C. Artificial snow projects are more helpful than glacier blankets for all glaciers.
D. Studying glaciers with special devices helps find out how to protect glaciers better.
(
D
)4. 新考法 篇章结构 Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage? (① = Paragraph 1...)答案
B
1. A 【解析】根据第四段中“One idea is to use special glacier blankets to slow melting.”和画线词后的“sunlight to protect the ice”可知，这种特殊的毯子可以延缓冰川融化，也就是通过隔绝阳光来保护冰川，由此可推知，画线词意为“挡住；阻碍”，与stop意思相近。
2. D 3. D
4. D 【解析】通读全文可知，第一段总领全文，介绍联合国将2025年定为冰川保护年，设立世界冰川日，并介绍了冰川是什么；第二段介绍了冰川对土地、河流、海洋、人类和动物的重要性；第三段说明气候变化带来的冰川融化问题给人类和动植物造成的影响；第四段和第五段针对第三段中提到的冰川融化问题，介绍了中国为解决这一问题所采取的两种措施。由此可知，D项符合文章结构。
1. A 【解析】根据第四段中“One idea is to use special glacier blankets to slow melting.”和画线词后的“sunlight to protect the ice”可知，这种特殊的毯子可以延缓冰川融化，也就是通过隔绝阳光来保护冰川，由此可推知，画线词意为“挡住；阻碍”，与stop意思相近。
2. D 3. D
4. D 【解析】通读全文可知，第一段总领全文，介绍联合国将2025年定为冰川保护年，设立世界冰川日，并介绍了冰川是什么；第二段介绍了冰川对土地、河流、海洋、人类和动物的重要性；第三段说明气候变化带来的冰川融化问题给人类和动植物造成的影响；第四段和第五段针对第三段中提到的冰川融化问题，介绍了中国为解决这一问题所采取的两种措施。由此可知，D项符合文章结构。
解析
【分析】
本次题目是阅读理解综合题型，包含词义猜测、组合选择、细节理解和篇章结构四种题型，解题思路如下：
1. 第1题：词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境推断词义。根据第四段中“用特殊冰川毯子延缓融化”以及“protect the ice”的目的，推断毯子对阳光的作用，进而匹配选项。
2. 第2题：组合选择题，需逐一核对选项与原文信息：先从文中找到联合国保护冰川的原因相关内容，再排除与原文不符的选项，确定正确组合。
3. 第3题：细节理解题，需将每个选项与原文细节逐一比对，排除错误表述，选出符合原文的选项。
4. 第4题：篇章结构题，需梳理段落逻辑：先明确各段落的核心内容，再分析段落间的总分、分述关系，匹配对应的结构图示。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第四段“One idea is to use special glacier blankets to slow melting.”以及画线词后“sunlight to protect the ice”可知，特殊毯子通过隔绝阳光来延缓冰川融化，因此“block”意为“挡住、阻碍”，与“stop”意思相近，故选A。
2. 第2题：根据第二段“the water from glaciers is also good for rivers and seas. In some places, glaciers give water to people and animals.”可知①④是联合国保护冰川的原因；根据第三段“However, climate change is making problems for glaciers.”可知③是原因；而②选项“they cover 70% of the earth's surface”与原文“They also hold 70% of the earth's clean water.”不符，排除②，因此正确组合是①③④，选D。
3. 第3题：
A选项：原文提到“slowed melting by 34% (2020—2021)”，并非停止融化，表述错误；
B选项：原文“You can think of glaciers as slowly moving ice and snow on land.”说明冰川移动缓慢，并非快速，表述错误；
C选项：文中未提及人造雪对所有冰川都比毯子更有用，无依据，表述错误；
D选项：根据第五段“Scientists use special devices (设备) to watch glaciers. This helps scientists know how glaciers are changing. By studying the numbers, scientists can find better ways to protect glaciers.”可知该表述正确，故选D。
4. 第4题：梳理段落逻辑：
第①段：总领全文，介绍联合国设立冰川保护年、世界冰川日，并说明冰川的基本定义；
第②段：介绍冰川的重要性；
第③段：提出气候变化给冰川带来的问题；
第④⑤段：分别介绍解决冰川融化问题的两种措施，是对第③段问题的分述。
对应结构为：①总起，②为一个分述，③下分④⑤，与选项D的结构一致，故选D。
【答案】
1. A
2. D
3. D
4. D
【知识点】
词义猜测、细节理解、篇章结构分析
【点评】
本文围绕冰川保护展开，介绍了冰川的重要性、面临的问题及保护措施，题目考查全面，涵盖词义推断、细节比对、逻辑梳理等能力，其中篇章结构题和组合选择题需要学生具备较强的文本逻辑梳理和信息筛选能力，有助于提升学生的阅读理解综合素养。
【难度系数】
0.6
本次题目是阅读理解综合题型，包含词义猜测、组合选择、细节理解和篇章结构四种题型，解题思路如下：
1. 第1题：词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境推断词义。根据第四段中“用特殊冰川毯子延缓融化”以及“protect the ice”的目的，推断毯子对阳光的作用，进而匹配选项。
2. 第2题：组合选择题，需逐一核对选项与原文信息：先从文中找到联合国保护冰川的原因相关内容，再排除与原文不符的选项，确定正确组合。
3. 第3题：细节理解题，需将每个选项与原文细节逐一比对，排除错误表述，选出符合原文的选项。
4. 第4题：篇章结构题，需梳理段落逻辑：先明确各段落的核心内容，再分析段落间的总分、分述关系，匹配对应的结构图示。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第四段“One idea is to use special glacier blankets to slow melting.”以及画线词后“sunlight to protect the ice”可知，特殊毯子通过隔绝阳光来延缓冰川融化，因此“block”意为“挡住、阻碍”，与“stop”意思相近，故选A。
2. 第2题：根据第二段“the water from glaciers is also good for rivers and seas. In some places, glaciers give water to people and animals.”可知①④是联合国保护冰川的原因；根据第三段“However, climate change is making problems for glaciers.”可知③是原因；而②选项“they cover 70% of the earth's surface”与原文“They also hold 70% of the earth's clean water.”不符，排除②，因此正确组合是①③④，选D。
3. 第3题：
A选项：原文提到“slowed melting by 34% (2020—2021)”，并非停止融化，表述错误；
B选项：原文“You can think of glaciers as slowly moving ice and snow on land.”说明冰川移动缓慢，并非快速，表述错误；
C选项：文中未提及人造雪对所有冰川都比毯子更有用，无依据，表述错误；
D选项：根据第五段“Scientists use special devices (设备) to watch glaciers. This helps scientists know how glaciers are changing. By studying the numbers, scientists can find better ways to protect glaciers.”可知该表述正确，故选D。
4. 第4题：梳理段落逻辑：
第①段：总领全文，介绍联合国设立冰川保护年、世界冰川日，并说明冰川的基本定义；
第②段：介绍冰川的重要性；
第③段：提出气候变化给冰川带来的问题；
第④⑤段：分别介绍解决冰川融化问题的两种措施，是对第③段问题的分述。
对应结构为：①总起，②为一个分述，③下分④⑤，与选项D的结构一致，故选D。
【答案】
1. A
2. D
3. D
4. D
【知识点】
词义猜测、细节理解、篇章结构分析
【点评】
本文围绕冰川保护展开，介绍了冰川的重要性、面临的问题及保护措施，题目考查全面，涵盖词义推断、细节比对、逻辑梳理等能力，其中篇章结构题和组合选择题需要学生具备较强的文本逻辑梳理和信息筛选能力，有助于提升学生的阅读理解综合素养。
【难度系数】
0.6
