四、短文填空。
阅读下面短文,从方框内选择正确的单词并用其适当形式填空,使短文内容完整,意思通顺。

Mount Qomolangma, the world's 1. mountain, attracts climbers from all over the world. Reaching the top is a great 2. . But they also need to 3. their lives to make it. The weather conditions are 4. and extreme(极端的) cold makes it hard to 5. .
6. need strong determination to succeed. They also have to prepare themselves very well like carrying enough oxygen, 7. the air is thin at high levels. Climbing Mount Qomolangma is dangerous, so only a small number of people can reach the top 8. .
9. , some people leave rubbish behind. This pollution puts the mountain's environment at risk. So we must protect this natural wonder by all 10. .

1. highest 2. achievement 3. risk 4. changeable 5. survive 6. Explorers 7. because 8. successfully 9. Sadly 10. means

【分析】
先通读全文，理解短文围绕珠穆朗玛峰登山的话题展开，明确每个空格所在句子的语境、语法结构，结合词汇的词义及适当形式（如词性转换、单复数、大小写等）选择正确单词填空，确保短文内容完整、意思通顺。
【解析】
1. 珠穆朗玛峰是世界最高的山，此处用形容词最高级形式，填highest；
2. 登顶是一项伟大的成就，需用名词，填achievement；
3. 固定搭配risk one's life（冒生命危险），此处需动词原形，填risk；
4. 描述天气的形容词，结合语境“多变的”，填changeable；
5. 极端寒冷让生存变得困难，需用动词原形，填survive；
6. 句首作主语，指“探险者”，谓语动词need为原形，主语用复数，且首字母大写，填Explorers；
7. 前后句为因果关系，表原因，填连词because；
8. 修饰动词reach，需用副词，表“成功地”，填successfully；
9. 句首作状语，表“遗憾的是”，用副词，填Sadly；
10. 固定搭配all means（尽一切办法），填means。
【答案】
1. highest 2. achievement 3. risk 4. changeable 5. survive 6. Explorers 7. because 8. successfully 9. Sadly 10. means
【知识点】
形容词最高级、名词词义辨析、副词用法
【点评】
本题围绕珠穆朗玛峰登山话题，考查学生对核心词汇的掌握及语境运用能力，需结合语法结构和语义逻辑选择单词的适当形式，难度适中，适合巩固基础词汇的实际运用。
【难度系数】
0.6

五、阅读还原。（选项中有一项多余）
主题:人与自然——自然生态·探险精神
体裁:说明文 难易度:☆☆☆
The Amazon River is the world's second longest river. 1. The Amazon, however, has the highest amount(数量) of water running down it. No other river even comes close. It may not be the longest, but it is said that it is the widest.
2. In fact, it provides almost 20 percent of the world's water on its own.
From Iquitos in Peru all the way across Brazil to the Atlantic, the Amazon is between six and ten kilometres wide. It is even wider when it is in the wet season.
3. The first person that found the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana. He was a Spanish man who was born in about 1511. He was the first person to navigate(航行) along the whole Amazon River.
Orellana joined the army in Peru in 1533. In 1541 he joined a group of people to look for an old city in the east. 4. Then Orellana and his small group continued to travel along the river. And finally he finished the whole journey. Nine months after he returned to the country, he decided to go back to the Amazon again. 5. He will always be remembered as the first person( at least from the Western world) to navigate the Amazon River.

A. Only the Nile River in Africa is longer.
B. Did you know who found the Amazon River?
C. They started in Quito but didn't find that city.
D. Unluckily, he died图2 of illness shortly after he reached the Amazon.
E. It is shorter than the Yangtze River in China.
F. The Amazon River carries more water than any other river in the world.

1~5 AFBCD

【分析】
做阅读还原题时，需先通读全文把握核心主题（亚马逊河的介绍及发现者），再分析每个空格前后的内容，结合选项的语义、逻辑关系（如话题衔接、行动顺序、时间逻辑等）逐一匹配。第1空前文提到亚马逊是世界第二长河，需选与长度相关的选项；第2空后文讲水量贡献，需选引出水量话题的选项；第3空后文介绍发现者，需选引出该话题的选项；第4空前文提到寻找古城的行动，需选承接该行动结果的选项；第5空前文说他决定再回亚马逊，需选后续结果的选项，最终匹配出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文指出亚马逊是世界第二长河，A选项“只有非洲的尼罗河更长”承接上文，说明其长度仅次于尼罗河，符合逻辑，故选A。
2. 第2空：后文提到亚马逊提供世界近20%的水，F选项“亚马逊河的水量比世界上任何其他河流都多”引出水量话题，与后文内容衔接紧密，故选F。
3. 第3空：后文介绍发现亚马逊河的人物，B选项“你知道谁发现了亚马逊河吗”自然引出该话题，故选B。
4. 第4空：前文提到他加入队伍寻找东部的古城，C选项“他们从基多出发但没找到那个城市”承接上文的寻找行动，说明行动结果，故选C。
5. 第5空：前文说他回国九个月后决定再回亚马逊，D选项“不幸的是，他到达亚马逊后不久就因病去世了”说明后续结果，符合时间逻辑，故选D。
【答案】
AFBCD
【知识点】
阅读还原、语篇逻辑衔接
【点评】
本题围绕亚马逊河的基本情况及发现者展开，需结合上下文的话题一致性、行动顺序、时间逻辑进行选项匹配，考查学生的语篇理解与逻辑推理能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5