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B
As the spring comes in the Northern Hemisphere, a lot of Asian countries prepare themselves for an annual challenge: dust storms. Despite a great deal of research by Chinese scientists and the development of forecasting systems, challenges remain in exactly predicting(预报) the beginning, destructive power, and paths of dust storms. Mistakes in existing systems stress the need for more effective solutions(解决方案).
Dust storms happen when strong winds sweep through dry land like deserts, lifting dust into the air, sometimes reaching as high as 1,500 metres. These storms can combine to form great, quickly advancing walls of dust, causing a danger to health and the environment. As dust storms are filled with bacteria and poisonous metals, soil erosion(侵蚀) during these storms can reduce crop productions, raising food safety challenges.
Globally, sand and dust storms affect 334 million people, with the Sahara Desert serving as the primary source. Dr Chen Siyu, an atmospheric scientist based in Lanzhou, strategically located near the Gobi Desert, emphasizes the necessity of predictive measures. Her team has pioneered an AI-driven early-warning system, named the Dust Watcher, to predict the timing and severity of storms to come.
Several leading experts in dust dynamics(动力学) have stressed AI's power in dealing with huge information of ground-level observations, satellite imagery, and computational models. In 2021, Dr Chen and her team used AI to improve forecasting models for North and East Asia, producing a $13\%$ reduction in prediction mistakes compared to traditional methods. The Dust Watcher's possibility has attracted interest from meteorological(气象的) institutions in China, with plans underway for a public-facing mobile application.
The introduction of AI into dust storm prediction systems shows chances to make money in the meteorological market. Businesses focusing on AI-driven weather forecasting technologies may get a lot from increased demand for more accurate and timely predictions, especially in areas suffering from dust storms. Moreover, as climate change continues to influence weather patterns, there is a growing need for new solutions to reduce the influences of extreme weather events. Investing in research and development in this field could lead to society's fight against environmental challenges.
5. What is an important challenge faced by the Chinese scientists?
A. Systematically preparing for dust storms.
B. Quickly recognizing the source of dust storms.
C. Correctly predicting the strength of dust storms.
D. Specifically determining the most effective preventive measures.
6. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. The formation of dust storms.
B. The harmfulness of dust storms.
C. The meaning of dust storms.
D. The situation of dust storms in deserts.
7. Which aspect of AI has attracted the attention of experts in dust dynamics?
A. Its ability to process large information.
B. Its role in the prevention of dust storms.
C. Its effect on reducing prediction errors.
D. Its possibility in developing mobile application.
8. What does the author think of joining AI and dust storm prediction systems together?
A. It will help tell extreme weather events.
B. It will have an influence on the weather pattern.
C. It will help the meteorological market's development.
D. It will offer few profits in environmental challenges.
As the spring comes in the Northern Hemisphere, a lot of Asian countries prepare themselves for an annual challenge: dust storms. Despite a great deal of research by Chinese scientists and the development of forecasting systems, challenges remain in exactly predicting(预报) the beginning, destructive power, and paths of dust storms. Mistakes in existing systems stress the need for more effective solutions(解决方案).
Dust storms happen when strong winds sweep through dry land like deserts, lifting dust into the air, sometimes reaching as high as 1,500 metres. These storms can combine to form great, quickly advancing walls of dust, causing a danger to health and the environment. As dust storms are filled with bacteria and poisonous metals, soil erosion(侵蚀) during these storms can reduce crop productions, raising food safety challenges.
Globally, sand and dust storms affect 334 million people, with the Sahara Desert serving as the primary source. Dr Chen Siyu, an atmospheric scientist based in Lanzhou, strategically located near the Gobi Desert, emphasizes the necessity of predictive measures. Her team has pioneered an AI-driven early-warning system, named the Dust Watcher, to predict the timing and severity of storms to come.
Several leading experts in dust dynamics(动力学) have stressed AI's power in dealing with huge information of ground-level observations, satellite imagery, and computational models. In 2021, Dr Chen and her team used AI to improve forecasting models for North and East Asia, producing a $13\%$ reduction in prediction mistakes compared to traditional methods. The Dust Watcher's possibility has attracted interest from meteorological(气象的) institutions in China, with plans underway for a public-facing mobile application.
The introduction of AI into dust storm prediction systems shows chances to make money in the meteorological market. Businesses focusing on AI-driven weather forecasting technologies may get a lot from increased demand for more accurate and timely predictions, especially in areas suffering from dust storms. Moreover, as climate change continues to influence weather patterns, there is a growing need for new solutions to reduce the influences of extreme weather events. Investing in research and development in this field could lead to society's fight against environmental challenges.
5. What is an important challenge faced by the Chinese scientists?
A. Systematically preparing for dust storms.
B. Quickly recognizing the source of dust storms.
C. Correctly predicting the strength of dust storms.
D. Specifically determining the most effective preventive measures.
6. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. The formation of dust storms.
B. The harmfulness of dust storms.
C. The meaning of dust storms.
D. The situation of dust storms in deserts.
7. Which aspect of AI has attracted the attention of experts in dust dynamics?
A. Its ability to process large information.
B. Its role in the prevention of dust storms.
C. Its effect on reducing prediction errors.
D. Its possibility in developing mobile application.
8. What does the author think of joining AI and dust storm prediction systems together?
A. It will help tell extreme weather events.
B. It will have an influence on the weather pattern.
C. It will help the meteorological market's development.
D. It will offer few profits in environmental challenges.
答案
Ⅲ.5~8 CBAC
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了沙尘暴对亚洲国家的挑战以及科学家和气象学家应对这一挑战所做出的努力。
5. C 细节理解题。根据第一段“challenges remain in exactly predicting the beginning, destructive power, and paths of dust storms”可知,中国科学家在准确预测沙尘暴的开始时间、破坏力和轨迹方面面临挑战。故选 C。
6. B 段落大意题。根据第二段“Dust storms ... lifting dust into the air, sometimes reaching as high as 1,500 metres. These storms ... causing a danger to health and the environment ... raising food safety challenges.”可知,第二段主要介绍的是沙尘暴的危害。故选 B。
7. A 细节理解题。根据第四段“Several leading experts in dust dynamics have stressed AI's power in dealing with huge information of ground-level observations, satellite imagery, and computational models.”可知,多位尘埃动力学领域的专家强调了 AI 在处理与地面观测、卫星图像和计算模型相关的大量信息的能力,因此 AI 在这方面的能力吸引了尘埃动力学专家。故选 A。
8. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The introduction of AI into dust storm prediction systems shows chances to make money in the meteorological market.”可知,人工智能与沙尘暴预测系统的结合为气象市场带了商机,因此这将促进气象市场的发展。故选 C。
易错点拨 选项 A“它将有助于预测极端天气事件。”,根据“there is a growing need for new solutions to reduce the influences of extreme weather events(越来越需要新的解决办法来减少极端天气事件的影响)”可知作者并没有将 AI 和预测极端天气事件直接结合在一起,且预测极端天气事件和预测沙尘暴并不是同一件事,故排除。选项 B“它将对天气模式产生影响。”与原文“change continues to influence weather patterns(气候变化持续影响着天气模式)”不符,故排除;选项 D“在环境挑战方面,它不会带来多少利润。”与原文“... shows chances to make money in the meteorological market(……显示了在气象市场赚钱的机会)”与原文不符,故排除。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了沙尘暴对亚洲国家的挑战以及科学家和气象学家应对这一挑战所做出的努力。
5. C 细节理解题。根据第一段“challenges remain in exactly predicting the beginning, destructive power, and paths of dust storms”可知,中国科学家在准确预测沙尘暴的开始时间、破坏力和轨迹方面面临挑战。故选 C。
6. B 段落大意题。根据第二段“Dust storms ... lifting dust into the air, sometimes reaching as high as 1,500 metres. These storms ... causing a danger to health and the environment ... raising food safety challenges.”可知,第二段主要介绍的是沙尘暴的危害。故选 B。
7. A 细节理解题。根据第四段“Several leading experts in dust dynamics have stressed AI's power in dealing with huge information of ground-level observations, satellite imagery, and computational models.”可知,多位尘埃动力学领域的专家强调了 AI 在处理与地面观测、卫星图像和计算模型相关的大量信息的能力,因此 AI 在这方面的能力吸引了尘埃动力学专家。故选 A。
8. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The introduction of AI into dust storm prediction systems shows chances to make money in the meteorological market.”可知,人工智能与沙尘暴预测系统的结合为气象市场带了商机,因此这将促进气象市场的发展。故选 C。
易错点拨 选项 A“它将有助于预测极端天气事件。”,根据“there is a growing need for new solutions to reduce the influences of extreme weather events(越来越需要新的解决办法来减少极端天气事件的影响)”可知作者并没有将 AI 和预测极端天气事件直接结合在一起,且预测极端天气事件和预测沙尘暴并不是同一件事,故排除。选项 B“它将对天气模式产生影响。”与原文“change continues to influence weather patterns(气候变化持续影响着天气模式)”不符,故排除;选项 D“在环境挑战方面,它不会带来多少利润。”与原文“... shows chances to make money in the meteorological market(……显示了在气象市场赚钱的机会)”与原文不符,故排除。
Ⅳ.阅读与回答问题(每小题2分,共10分)
TCM wins the hearts of young people for its usefulness
Jin Ying is a lover of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM). She took part in a three-month training course on acupuncture and tuina(针灸和推拿) in the winter of 2023 at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.
Jin's life has been different since the training. She changed her life habits after learning the Five Elements theory(五行学说). For example, she avoided sweating too much during exercise in winter because the cold of winter means people should slow down, according to TCM. For her, learning these skills and theories was not about becoming a TCM doctor but about accepting a new lifestyle.
She is not an unusual example of young people becoming interested in TCM. A survey by China Youth Daily showed that 93.3 per cent of the 1,000 young people who took part had tried different TCM treatments.
"I have seen more and more young people come to me for neck and back pains, which are usually related to the elderly," said Ma Huifang, a TCM doctor at Guoyitang, a TCM hospital.
"Between Western medicine and TCM, young people often choose TCM because of its usefulness," according to Ma. Some people question why TCM treats the same illnesses with different prescriptions(处方). "This is actually an advantage of TCM, rather than a shortcoming, as different patients may need a more exact treatment," Ma explained.
Younger age groups are welcoming TCM, and, at the same time, TCM is also influencing young people. As Jin mentioned, "It helps young people understand Chinese medicine and culture."
根据短文内容,回答下列问题。(每题答案不超过10个词)
1. How did Jin change her life habits after learning the Five Elements theory?
2. How many people have tried TCM treatments when taking part in the training?
3. Why does TCM treat the same illnesses with different prescriptions?
4. What does TCM help young people understand?
5. Do you like TCM? Why or why not?
TCM wins the hearts of young people for its usefulness
Jin Ying is a lover of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM). She took part in a three-month training course on acupuncture and tuina(针灸和推拿) in the winter of 2023 at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.
Jin's life has been different since the training. She changed her life habits after learning the Five Elements theory(五行学说). For example, she avoided sweating too much during exercise in winter because the cold of winter means people should slow down, according to TCM. For her, learning these skills and theories was not about becoming a TCM doctor but about accepting a new lifestyle.
She is not an unusual example of young people becoming interested in TCM. A survey by China Youth Daily showed that 93.3 per cent of the 1,000 young people who took part had tried different TCM treatments.
"I have seen more and more young people come to me for neck and back pains, which are usually related to the elderly," said Ma Huifang, a TCM doctor at Guoyitang, a TCM hospital.
"Between Western medicine and TCM, young people often choose TCM because of its usefulness," according to Ma. Some people question why TCM treats the same illnesses with different prescriptions(处方). "This is actually an advantage of TCM, rather than a shortcoming, as different patients may need a more exact treatment," Ma explained.
Younger age groups are welcoming TCM, and, at the same time, TCM is also influencing young people. As Jin mentioned, "It helps young people understand Chinese medicine and culture."
根据短文内容,回答下列问题。(每题答案不超过10个词)
1. How did Jin change her life habits after learning the Five Elements theory?
2. How many people have tried TCM treatments when taking part in the training?
3. Why does TCM treat the same illnesses with different prescriptions?
4. What does TCM help young people understand?
5. Do you like TCM? Why or why not?
答案
Ⅳ.【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻,主要介绍了中医越来越受年轻群体的欢迎以及中医的神奇疗效。
1. By avoiding sweating too much during exercise in winter.
2. 933 people.
3. Because different patients may need a more exact treatment.
4. Chinese medicine and culture.
5. Yes. Because it follows the rule of nature.(答案不唯一,言之有理即可)
---
1. By avoiding sweating too much during exercise in winter.
2. 933 people.
3. Because different patients may need a more exact treatment.
4. Chinese medicine and culture.
5. Yes. Because it follows the rule of nature.(答案不唯一,言之有理即可)
---
解析
【解析】
1. 定位原文第二段"For example, she avoided sweating too much during exercise in winter"，结合题干要求整理为不超过10词的答案即可。
2. 定位原文第三段"93.3 per cent of the 1,000 young people"，计算可得1000×93.3%=933人。
3. 定位原文第五段"as different patients may need a more exact treatment"，直接提取符合字数要求的内容作答。
4. 定位原文最后一段"It helps young people understand Chinese medicine and culture"，提取对应内容即可。
5. 为开放性问题，给出明确态度并说明合理理由，符合字数要求即可。
【答案】
1. By avoiding sweating too much in winter exercise.
2. 933 people.
3. For more exact treatment for different patients.
4. Chinese medicine and culture.
5. Yes. Because it's useful and effective.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找
数字计算
开放性表达
【点评】
本题围绕中医受年轻人欢迎的主题考查阅读回答问题，前4小题可通过定位原文关键信息直接得出答案，难度较低，第5小题为开放性问答，需要学生结合自身认知给出合理表述，整体贴合阅读题型的基础考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.8
1. 定位原文第二段"For example, she avoided sweating too much during exercise in winter"，结合题干要求整理为不超过10词的答案即可。
2. 定位原文第三段"93.3 per cent of the 1,000 young people"，计算可得1000×93.3%=933人。
3. 定位原文第五段"as different patients may need a more exact treatment"，直接提取符合字数要求的内容作答。
4. 定位原文最后一段"It helps young people understand Chinese medicine and culture"，提取对应内容即可。
5. 为开放性问题，给出明确态度并说明合理理由，符合字数要求即可。
【答案】
1. By avoiding sweating too much in winter exercise.
2. 933 people.
3. For more exact treatment for different patients.
4. Chinese medicine and culture.
5. Yes. Because it's useful and effective.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找
数字计算
开放性表达
【点评】
本题围绕中医受年轻人欢迎的主题考查阅读回答问题，前4小题可通过定位原文关键信息直接得出答案，难度较低，第5小题为开放性问答，需要学生结合自身认知给出合理表述，整体贴合阅读题型的基础考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.8
