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Ⅵ. 阅读与回答问题
American scientists claim in a new study that humans need to create very Earth-like conditions to survive for long periods in space.
The study centred on issues such as dealing with gravity and oxygen in space, collecting water, developing agriculture and removing waste in space.
Life in space would require a natural ecosystem(生态系统) to keep humans and their necessary equipment. Without these kinds of systems, the task will fail. One of the biggest problems for humans in space will be issues related to gravity. Humans experience lower levels of gravity in space. A lack of gravity can change the fluid(液体) pressure in living things. This can lead to health problems for humans living in space.
There is just no other place in space where there is 1G of gravity; that just doesn't exist anywhere else in our solar system. That's one of the first problems we must solve. 1G is another term for what scientists call "normal gravity", or the gravity that exists on the Earth's surface. It can be measured as the rate of speed at which an object travels when falling to the ground.
Oxygen is another important consideration. The scientists say space agencies would need to build high-technology main and backup oxygen systems to support long-term human life in space. But what if they fail?
One suggestion from the study is to prepare living things to produce oxygen. Think of the hundreds of thousands of species of plants that make oxygen. That kind of system would be needed to support long-term missions in space and on planets.
The other main requirement would be a huge amount of energy from the sun, the study suggests. The scientists noted that as astronauts travel farther from the sun, they will be able to collect less and less solar energy. But they do need a lot of energy. Otherwise, powering the ecosystem will be like trying to run your electric car on a cellphone battery.
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。(每题答案不超过7个词)
1. Why do humans need gravity when living in space?
2. Where could we found 1G of gravity in our solar system?
3. How can we get oxygen in space to support long-term missions?
4. What will happen if astronauts fail to get enough energy from the sun?
5. What do you think of living in space for long periods?
American scientists claim in a new study that humans need to create very Earth-like conditions to survive for long periods in space.
The study centred on issues such as dealing with gravity and oxygen in space, collecting water, developing agriculture and removing waste in space.
Life in space would require a natural ecosystem(生态系统) to keep humans and their necessary equipment. Without these kinds of systems, the task will fail. One of the biggest problems for humans in space will be issues related to gravity. Humans experience lower levels of gravity in space. A lack of gravity can change the fluid(液体) pressure in living things. This can lead to health problems for humans living in space.
There is just no other place in space where there is 1G of gravity; that just doesn't exist anywhere else in our solar system. That's one of the first problems we must solve. 1G is another term for what scientists call "normal gravity", or the gravity that exists on the Earth's surface. It can be measured as the rate of speed at which an object travels when falling to the ground.
Oxygen is another important consideration. The scientists say space agencies would need to build high-technology main and backup oxygen systems to support long-term human life in space. But what if they fail?
One suggestion from the study is to prepare living things to produce oxygen. Think of the hundreds of thousands of species of plants that make oxygen. That kind of system would be needed to support long-term missions in space and on planets.
The other main requirement would be a huge amount of energy from the sun, the study suggests. The scientists noted that as astronauts travel farther from the sun, they will be able to collect less and less solar energy. But they do need a lot of energy. Otherwise, powering the ecosystem will be like trying to run your electric car on a cellphone battery.
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。(每题答案不超过7个词)
1. Why do humans need gravity when living in space?
Humans will have health problems without gravity.
2. Where could we found 1G of gravity in our solar system?
Only on the Earth.
3. How can we get oxygen in space to support long-term missions?
By preparing living things like plants.
4. What will happen if astronauts fail to get enough energy from the sun?
Their ecosystem will face great risk.
5. What do you think of living in space for long periods?
It'll be exciting but dangerous.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
答案
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，人类需要创造非常类似地球的环境才能在太空中长期生存。
1. Humans will have health problems without gravity.
2. Only on the Earth.
3. By preparing living things like plants.
4. Their ecosystem will face great risk.
5. It'll be exciting but dangerous.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
1. Humans will have health problems without gravity.
2. Only on the Earth.
3. By preparing living things like plants.
4. Their ecosystem will face great risk.
5. It'll be exciting but dangerous.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
解析
【分析】本题为英语阅读理解的细节查找与开放类题目，解题思路是：先通读问题，带着问题快速定位原文对应段落，找到关键信息后提炼符合“不超过7个词”要求的答案；第5题为主观开放题，结合文意合理表达即可。
【解析】1. 定位原文第三段最后一句，提炼出“没有重力会导致人类健康问题”的答案；2. 定位原文第四段关于1G重力的描述，明确仅地球有1G重力；3. 定位原文第六段关于获取氧气的建议，提炼出通过准备植物类生物的答案；4. 定位原文最后一段关于能量不足的后果，提炼出生态系统运行受影响的答案；5. 结合太空生存的利弊，合理表达主观观点。
【答案】1. Humans will have health problems without gravity.
2. Only on the Earth.
3. By preparing living things like plants.
4. Their ecosystem will face great risk.
5. It'll be exciting but dangerous.
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解题、开放表达
【点评】本题围绕太空长期生存的条件展开，侧重考查学生快速定位原文信息并提炼答案的能力，最后一题兼顾主观表达，整体难度适中，适合巩固阅读理解的信息处理能力。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 定位原文第三段最后一句，提炼出“没有重力会导致人类健康问题”的答案；2. 定位原文第四段关于1G重力的描述，明确仅地球有1G重力；3. 定位原文第六段关于获取氧气的建议，提炼出通过准备植物类生物的答案；4. 定位原文最后一段关于能量不足的后果，提炼出生态系统运行受影响的答案；5. 结合太空生存的利弊，合理表达主观观点。
【答案】1. Humans will have health problems without gravity.
2. Only on the Earth.
3. By preparing living things like plants.
4. Their ecosystem will face great risk.
5. It'll be exciting but dangerous.
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解题、开放表达
【点评】本题围绕太空长期生存的条件展开，侧重考查学生快速定位原文信息并提炼答案的能力，最后一题兼顾主观表达，整体难度适中，适合巩固阅读理解的信息处理能力。
【难度系数】0.6
