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中考趋势 Ⅵ. 短文还原
从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项多余。
新素材 不环保的 AI AI chatbots like GPT-4 make it easy to write emails quickly.
AI systems need data centres, which have servers that keep and manage information.
Data centres run all day and night, so they use lots of water. The Washington Post says that for each 100-word email, GPT-4 uses about 519 milliliters of water.
Data centres also need a lot of electricity. Writing a 100-word email uses 0.14 kilowatt-hours of electricity. This could power 14 LED lights for an hour. Every year in the USA, GPT-4 uses over 120,000 megawatt（兆瓦）-hours of electricity to help write work emails.
A. When servers work, they get hot.
B. That's a bit more than one bottle of water.
C. Companies are now trying to make AI greener.
D. But they have a big influence on the environment.
E. With the chatbot, people's life becomes more convenient.
F. This is enough power for all homes in Washington, D.C., for 20 days.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项多余。
新素材 不环保的 AI AI chatbots like GPT-4 make it easy to write emails quickly.
D
1 One of the main problems is the "water footprint". This means the total water the AI uses during its lifetime.AI systems need data centres, which have servers that keep and manage information.
A
2 Engineers use cold water to cool them down.Data centres run all day and night, so they use lots of water. The Washington Post says that for each 100-word email, GPT-4 uses about 519 milliliters of water.
B
3 In one year, GPT-4 uses over 435 million liters of water just to write emails. This is enough water for a normal USA family to use for over 1,000 years!Data centres also need a lot of electricity. Writing a 100-word email uses 0.14 kilowatt-hours of electricity. This could power 14 LED lights for an hour. Every year in the USA, GPT-4 uses over 120,000 megawatt（兆瓦）-hours of electricity to help write work emails.
F
4 Before the chatbot is used, it already has a "carbon footprint". Training GPT-3 made about 502 tons of carbon. This is the same as what 112 cars would make in a year. Also, building data centres sends CO₂ into the air.C
5 Microsoft uses cold metal plates with cold water to cool equipment, saving water. Natural energy helps too. For example, a company's data centre in Tianjin uses solar power. These efforts can help reduce the environmental harm caused by AI.A. When servers work, they get hot.
B. That's a bit more than one bottle of water.
C. Companies are now trying to make AI greener.
D. But they have a big influence on the environment.
E. With the chatbot, people's life becomes more convenient.
F. This is enough power for all homes in Washington, D.C., for 20 days.
1.
D
2.
A
3.
B
4.
F
5.
C
答案
Ⅵ. 1.D 2.A 3.B 4.F 5.C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 AI 系统对环境的影响,尤其是水足迹和电力消耗。
1. D 解析:根据“One of the main problems is the 'water footprint'.”可知,此处讲遇到的问题。D 项“但它们对环境有很大影响。”符合语境。故选 D。
2. A 解析:根据“Engineers use cold water to cool them down.”可知会发热。A 项“服务器工作时会发热。”符合语境。故选 A。
3. B 解析:根据“The Washington Post says that for each 100-word email, GPT-4 uses about 519 milliliters of water.”可知,讲水有多少。B 项“这略多于一瓶水。”符合语境。故选 B。
4. F 解析:根据“Every year in the USA, GPT-4 uses over 120,000 megawatt-hours of electricity to help write work emails.”可知,此处讲费电。F 项“这足够华盛顿所有家庭用 20 天的电。”符合语境。故选 F。
5. C 解析:根据“Microsoft uses cold metal plates with cold water to cool equipment, saving water. Natural energy helps too.”可知,公司采取措施来保护环境。C 项“公司现在正尝试让 AI 更环保。”符合语境。故选 C。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 AI 系统对环境的影响,尤其是水足迹和电力消耗。
1. D 解析:根据“One of the main problems is the 'water footprint'.”可知,此处讲遇到的问题。D 项“但它们对环境有很大影响。”符合语境。故选 D。
2. A 解析:根据“Engineers use cold water to cool them down.”可知会发热。A 项“服务器工作时会发热。”符合语境。故选 A。
3. B 解析:根据“The Washington Post says that for each 100-word email, GPT-4 uses about 519 milliliters of water.”可知,讲水有多少。B 项“这略多于一瓶水。”符合语境。故选 B。
4. F 解析:根据“Every year in the USA, GPT-4 uses over 120,000 megawatt-hours of electricity to help write work emails.”可知,此处讲费电。F 项“这足够华盛顿所有家庭用 20 天的电。”符合语境。故选 F。
5. C 解析:根据“Microsoft uses cold metal plates with cold water to cool equipment, saving water. Natural energy helps too.”可知,公司采取措施来保护环境。C 项“公司现在正尝试让 AI 更环保。”符合语境。故选 C。
解析
【分析】
做短文还原题时，需先通读全文把握主旨（本文围绕AI对环境的影响展开），再逐空分析，结合空格前后的语境、逻辑关系（如转折、因果、指代等），匹配选项关键词，排除多余选项确定答案。
【解析】
1. 空格前提到AI聊天机器人写邮件方便，空格后引出AI的问题“水足迹”，此处需转折引出环境影响的话题，D项“但它们对环境有很大影响”符合语境，故选D。
2. 空格后说明用冷水给服务器降温，可知空格处应提到服务器发热的原因，A项“服务器工作时会发热”符合逻辑，故选A。
3. 空格前指出每写100字邮件用约519毫升水，B项“这略多于一瓶水”是对水量的补充说明，符合语境，故选B。
4. 空格前说明GPT-4每年用电量超12万千瓦时，F项“这足够华盛顿所有家庭用20天的电”是对用电量的具体量化说明，符合语境，故选F。
5. 空格后举例微软、天津的数据中心采取环保措施，此处需总述公司让AI更环保的行动，C项“公司现在正尝试让AI更环保”符合语境，故选C。
【答案】1.D 2.A 3.B 4.F 5.C
【知识点】阅读理解（短文还原）、语境推理
【点评】本题为中考常见短文还原题型，考查学生对语篇逻辑和上下文语境的理解能力，需结合空格前后关键词与逻辑关系匹配选项，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
做短文还原题时，需先通读全文把握主旨（本文围绕AI对环境的影响展开），再逐空分析，结合空格前后的语境、逻辑关系（如转折、因果、指代等），匹配选项关键词，排除多余选项确定答案。
【解析】
1. 空格前提到AI聊天机器人写邮件方便，空格后引出AI的问题“水足迹”，此处需转折引出环境影响的话题，D项“但它们对环境有很大影响”符合语境，故选D。
2. 空格后说明用冷水给服务器降温，可知空格处应提到服务器发热的原因，A项“服务器工作时会发热”符合逻辑，故选A。
3. 空格前指出每写100字邮件用约519毫升水，B项“这略多于一瓶水”是对水量的补充说明，符合语境，故选B。
4. 空格前说明GPT-4每年用电量超12万千瓦时，F项“这足够华盛顿所有家庭用20天的电”是对用电量的具体量化说明，符合语境，故选F。
5. 空格后举例微软、天津的数据中心采取环保措施，此处需总述公司让AI更环保的行动，C项“公司现在正尝试让AI更环保”符合语境，故选C。
【答案】1.D 2.A 3.B 4.F 5.C
【知识点】阅读理解（短文还原）、语境推理
【点评】本题为中考常见短文还原题型，考查学生对语篇逻辑和上下文语境的理解能力，需结合空格前后关键词与逻辑关系匹配选项，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
