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四、阅读理解
"Splendor fades, and dreams vanish into thin air." This quiet line from A Dream of Red Mansions sets a gentle, sad tone for the classic work. Cao Xueqin was a great Qing Dynasty writer, best known for writing this novel—one of China's Four Great Classical Novels.
Born with a silver spoon in his mouth, Cao's great-grandfather, grandfather and father were all given the posts by Emperor Kangxi as the Imperial Textile Commissioner in Jiangning, a position that brought the family great riches and respect. He grew up receiving a fine education and became a talented poet and painter in his early years.
But the good luck of the Cao family suddenly came to an end when a new emperor came into power. In 1727, the family's wealth was confiscated in a political struggle（政治斗争）and the whole family was forced to move to Beijing.
Cao spent the rest of his life in poverty in the western suburbs（郊区）of the city. He could hardly make a living by selling his paintings. Instead of finding an official position, he spent over ten years writing A Dream of Red Mansions. His friends said that every word he wrote carried "tears and blood", and his sufferings were hard to imagine.
The novel records the rise and fall of four influential feudal（封建的）families, centered on the tragic（悲惨的）love between Jia Baoyu and his cousin Lin Daiyu. Beyond the touching love story, it shapes a series of lively characters, shows the luxurious and corrupt（奢华堕落）lives of the upper class, and uncovers the darkness and coldness of the old feudal system with wonderful writings.
"Sadness hangs over all the beauty," Lu Xun wrote in A Brief History of Chinese Fiction. He also commented in The Evolution of Chinese Novels, "After A Dream of Red Mansions, traditional writing and ideas were broken." It is Cao's own life experience that turns his personal pain into a story that still touches readers today.
（
A. taken away B. sold out C. given back D. locked up
（
A. His family's power lasted until the end of the Qing Dynasty.
B. His family's trouble was closely connected with politics.
C. He failed to receive a good education after his family fell apart.
D. He made a living by painting long before his family got into trouble.
（
A. Beautiful things always make people feel happy.
B. Beauty will disappear soon, just like sweet dreams.
C. There is hidden sadness behind the wonderful scenes.
D. People can only feel sad when they see beautiful views.
（
A. Talented and proud. B. Cheerful and confident.
C. Generous and kind-hearted. D. Hard-working and strong-willed.
"Splendor fades, and dreams vanish into thin air." This quiet line from A Dream of Red Mansions sets a gentle, sad tone for the classic work. Cao Xueqin was a great Qing Dynasty writer, best known for writing this novel—one of China's Four Great Classical Novels.
Born with a silver spoon in his mouth, Cao's great-grandfather, grandfather and father were all given the posts by Emperor Kangxi as the Imperial Textile Commissioner in Jiangning, a position that brought the family great riches and respect. He grew up receiving a fine education and became a talented poet and painter in his early years.
But the good luck of the Cao family suddenly came to an end when a new emperor came into power. In 1727, the family's wealth was confiscated in a political struggle（政治斗争）and the whole family was forced to move to Beijing.
Cao spent the rest of his life in poverty in the western suburbs（郊区）of the city. He could hardly make a living by selling his paintings. Instead of finding an official position, he spent over ten years writing A Dream of Red Mansions. His friends said that every word he wrote carried "tears and blood", and his sufferings were hard to imagine.
The novel records the rise and fall of four influential feudal（封建的）families, centered on the tragic（悲惨的）love between Jia Baoyu and his cousin Lin Daiyu. Beyond the touching love story, it shapes a series of lively characters, shows the luxurious and corrupt（奢华堕落）lives of the upper class, and uncovers the darkness and coldness of the old feudal system with wonderful writings.
"Sadness hangs over all the beauty," Lu Xun wrote in A Brief History of Chinese Fiction. He also commented in The Evolution of Chinese Novels, "After A Dream of Red Mansions, traditional writing and ideas were broken." It is Cao's own life experience that turns his personal pain into a story that still touches readers today.
（
A
）1. The underlined word "confiscated" most probably means "".A. taken away B. sold out C. given back D. locked up
（
B
）2. What can we infer about Cao Xueqin from paragraphs 3-5?A. His family's power lasted until the end of the Qing Dynasty.
B. His family's trouble was closely connected with politics.
C. He failed to receive a good education after his family fell apart.
D. He made a living by painting long before his family got into trouble.
（
C
）3. What does the underlined sentence "Sadness hangs over all the beauty" mean?A. Beautiful things always make people feel happy.
B. Beauty will disappear soon, just like sweet dreams.
C. There is hidden sadness behind the wonderful scenes.
D. People can only feel sad when they see beautiful views.
（
D
）4. Which words can best describe Cao Xueqin according to the text?A. Talented and proud. B. Cheerful and confident.
C. Generous and kind-hearted. D. Hard-working and strong-willed.
答案
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D
解析
【分析】做英语阅读理解题时，需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对不同题型运用对应方法：①词义猜测题：定位划线词所在句，结合上下文语境（如事件背景、逻辑关系）推断词义；②推理判断题：锁定题干指定段落，对比选项与原文细节，排除无依据或矛盾的选项；③句意理解题：结合划线句所在段落的主旨，理解句子深层含义；④人物评价题：定位描述人物的相关语句，提取关键词判断选项。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：定位到第3段“In 1727, the family's wealth was confiscated in a political struggle and the whole family was forced to move to Beijing.”，由“政治斗争”及家族被迫迁居的语境可知，财富被“没收、拿走”，对应选项A（taken away），B“售罄”、C“归还”、D“关押”均不符合，故选A。
2. 推理判断题：锁定第3-5段分析：A项“家族权力持续到清末”原文未提及；B项“家族变故与政治密切相关”对应第3段“in a political struggle”，符合原文；C项“家族败落后未受良好教育”与第2段“grew up receiving a fine education”矛盾；D项“家族出事前靠画画谋生”原文第4段提到他后来卖画，D错误，故选B。
3. 句意理解题：划线句位于第6段，结合前文《红楼梦》的悲剧性（家族兴衰、爱情悲剧），鲁迅的评价意为“所有美好背后都有悲伤”，对应C项“精彩场景背后有隐藏的悲伤”，A与句意相反，B是第1段内容，D表述绝对，故选C。
4. 人物评价题：原文第4段提到曹雪芹“spent over ten years writing A Dream of Red Mansions”（勤奋），贫困中坚持创作体现其意志坚强，对应D项；A的“骄傲”、B的“开朗自信”、C的“慷慨善良”均无原文依据，故选D。
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解（词义猜测）、英语阅读理解（推理判断）、英语阅读理解（人物评价）
【点评】本题围绕曹雪芹与《红楼梦》的文本展开，涵盖四类常见英语阅读题型，考查学生定位原文、结合语境分析的能力，文本贴近教材相关文化内容，适合初中阶段学生巩固阅读技巧。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：定位到第3段“In 1727, the family's wealth was confiscated in a political struggle and the whole family was forced to move to Beijing.”，由“政治斗争”及家族被迫迁居的语境可知，财富被“没收、拿走”，对应选项A（taken away），B“售罄”、C“归还”、D“关押”均不符合，故选A。
2. 推理判断题：锁定第3-5段分析：A项“家族权力持续到清末”原文未提及；B项“家族变故与政治密切相关”对应第3段“in a political struggle”，符合原文；C项“家族败落后未受良好教育”与第2段“grew up receiving a fine education”矛盾；D项“家族出事前靠画画谋生”原文第4段提到他后来卖画，D错误，故选B。
3. 句意理解题：划线句位于第6段，结合前文《红楼梦》的悲剧性（家族兴衰、爱情悲剧），鲁迅的评价意为“所有美好背后都有悲伤”，对应C项“精彩场景背后有隐藏的悲伤”，A与句意相反，B是第1段内容，D表述绝对，故选C。
4. 人物评价题：原文第4段提到曹雪芹“spent over ten years writing A Dream of Red Mansions”（勤奋），贫困中坚持创作体现其意志坚强，对应D项；A的“骄傲”、B的“开朗自信”、C的“慷慨善良”均无原文依据，故选D。
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解（词义猜测）、英语阅读理解（推理判断）、英语阅读理解（人物评价）
【点评】本题围绕曹雪芹与《红楼梦》的文本展开，涵盖四类常见英语阅读题型，考查学生定位原文、结合语境分析的能力，文本贴近教材相关文化内容，适合初中阶段学生巩固阅读技巧。
【难度系数】0.6
