2026年通城学典课时作业本八年级英语上册译林版第113页答案
一、根据句意及汉语或首字母提示写出单词。
1. — Excuse me, where is Mr Green's
office
(办公室)? — Sorry, I don't know.
2. My sister runs every day if the weather isn't too
terrible
(可怕的).
3. An earthquake happened, and the government has declared a state of
emergency
(紧急情况) in that area.
4. The government sent clothes to the
homeless
(无家可归的) people and made them feel warm.
5. — When it thunders(打雷), why do we see l
ightning
first and then hear thunder?
— Because our eyes are before ears. Ha-ha! Just a joke!

答案

1. office 2. terrible 3. emergency 4. homeless
5. lightning

解析

【分析】
本题要求根据句子语境、汉语提示或首字母填写正确的英语单词,解题时需先理解句子语义,再结合给出的提示,回忆对应英语词汇,同时注意单词的正确拼写和词性,确保填入内容符合句子语法要求。
【解析】
1. 句意为“打扰一下,格林先生的办公室在哪里?”,汉语提示“办公室”对应的英语名词是office,故填office;
2. 句意为“如果天气不太可怕,我姐姐每天跑步”,汉语提示“可怕的”对应的形容词是terrible,故填terrible;
3. 句意为“地震发生后,政府宣布该地区进入紧急状态”,汉语提示“紧急情况”对应的名词是emergency,故填emergency;
4. 句意为“政府给无家可归的人送衣服,让他们感到温暖”,汉语提示“无家可归的”对应的形容词是homeless,故填homeless;
5. 句意为“打雷时我们为什么先看到闪电再听到雷声?”,首字母为l,结合常识,对应的单词是lightning(闪电),故填lightning。
【答案】
1. office 2. terrible 3. emergency 4. homeless 5. lightning
【知识点】
英语单词拼写、词汇运用
【点评】
本题考查基础英语核心词汇的识记与运用,结合语境、提示填写单词,属于基础题型,难度较低,注重学生对常用词汇的掌握。
【难度系数】
0.8
二、用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空(其中有一个是多余的)。
road coach traffic fireman safe and sound deal with
1. Taking a plane is a lot faster than taking trains or
coaches
.
2. I'm sorry to hear that three
firemen
lost their lives in the big fire.
3. You need to be careful when crossing the street because there is a lot of
traffic
.
4. This task is very hard. Could you give me some advice on how to
deal with
it?
5. Although they met a serious car accident, they still returned home
safe and sound
.

答案

1. coaches 2. firemen 3. traffic 4. deal with 5. safe and sound

解析

【分析】
解题思路:首先明确方框内的单词及短语:road(路)、coach(长途汽车,复数形式coaches)、traffic(交通)、fireman(消防员,复数形式firemen)、safe and sound(安然无恙)、deal with(处理),其中有一个多余。接着结合每个句子的语境和语法要求,选择匹配的词汇并调整形式:1. 句中与trains并列,需填交通工具类复数名词;2. 数词three后接可数名词复数;3. 句中需填不可数名词表示交通状况;4. how to后接动词原形;5. 需填固定短语表示状态。
【解析】
1. 句意:坐飞机比坐火车或长途汽车快得多。此处与trains并列,需用可数名词复数,coach的复数为coaches,故填coaches;
2. 句意:很遗憾听说三名消防员在大火中牺牲。数词three后接可数名词复数,fireman的复数为firemen,故填firemen;
3. 句意:过马路时要小心,因为交通(流量)很大。traffic为不可数名词,符合语境,故填traffic;
4. 句意:这个任务很难,你能给我一些关于如何处理它的建议吗?how to后接动词原形,deal with表示“处理”,故填deal with;
5. 句意:尽管他们遭遇了严重的车祸,但还是安然无恙地回了家。safe and sound是固定短语,意为“安然无恙”,符合语境,故填safe and sound。
【答案】
1. coaches 2. firemen 3. traffic 4. deal with 5. safe and sound
【知识点】
名词的单复数、动词短语用法、固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题为词汇适当形式填空题,考查学生对词汇词义、词性及形式变化的掌握,需结合语境和语法规则选择合适词汇,难度适中,属于基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. — Why did you refuse to move into the house?
— Because it was really in a poor and dirty
D
.

A.form
B.kind
C.design
D.state

答案

1. D

解析

【分析】首先通读对话理解句意:问句询问拒绝搬进房子的原因,答句说明房子的状况。需辨析四个选项的词义,结合语境和固定搭配选择合适的名词。
【解析】句意:——你为什么拒绝搬进这所房子?——因为它真的处于又破又脏的状态。选项分析:A.form意为“形式”,不符合语境;B.kind意为“种类”,语义不通;C.design意为“设计”,与房子的状况无关;D.state意为“状态”,“in a poor and dirty state”是常用表达,意为“处于又破又脏的状态”,符合语境,因此选D。
【答案】D
【知识点】名词词义辨析;固定搭配
【点评】本题考查名词词义辨析及常用短语的运用,属于基础题型,需学生掌握常见名词含义和固定搭配。
【难度系数】0.7
2.(沉着冷静)When facing an unexpected problem, it's important to stay calm and carefully manage the
C
around you before taking any action.

A.attention
B.instruction
C.situation
D.position

答案

2. C

解析

【分析】首先理解句子语境:面对意外问题时,采取行动前保持冷静并小心处理周围的事物很重要。接着辨析四个选项的词义,结合句意判断哪个名词符合语境。
【解析】先翻译句子:当面对一个意外问题时,在采取任何行动之前,保持冷静并小心处理你周围的________是很重要的。再分析选项:A.attention意为“注意力”,不符合语境;B.instruction意为“指令、说明”,与句意不符;C.situation意为“情况、状况”,“manage the situation”是常用搭配,意为“处理情况”,契合语境;D.position意为“位置、职位”,不符合句意。因此选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】名词词义辨析
【点评】本题考查语境中名词的词义辨析,需结合句子含义选择合适的名词,属于基础题型,难度适中。
【难度系数】0.7
3.(多样文化)During the Water-Splashing Festival, people splash water on one another to
D
the bad luck.

A.put away
B.get away
C.run away
D.wash away

答案

3. D

解析

【分析】
这道题考查动词短语辨析及文化常识运用。解题思路是:先明确每个选项短语的含义,再结合泼水节的习俗(泼水象征冲走坏运气),逐一排除不符合语境的选项,选出正确答案。
【解析】
句子意为“在泼水节期间,人们互相泼水来________坏运气”。辨析各选项:A.put away意为“收起;放好”;B.get away意为“离开;逃脱”,后接宾语需加介词from;C.run away意为“逃跑;逃离”;D.wash away意为“冲走;消除”,符合“泼水冲走坏运气”的语境,故选D。
【答案】
D
【知识点】
动词短语辨析、文化常识
【点评】
本题结合泼水节的文化习俗考查动词短语,既需要掌握常见动词短语的含义,也需了解相关文化常识,属于基础考查题。
【难度系数】
0.7
4. Which of the following may be a newspaper headline?

A.Here are some Xi'an travel tips
B.A cat show is held in Shanghai
C.Power cut leaves thousands without heating
D.A new artist swept American Music Awards

答案

4. C

解析

【分析】本题考查英语报纸标题的特点,解题思路是:先明确报纸标题通常具备简洁性、新闻性(多报道有社会关注度的公共事件),再逐一分析选项,判断符合报纸标题特征的选项,同时排除语法或内容不符合的选项。
【解析】英语报纸标题一般简洁明了,侧重报道有新闻价值的事件。对各选项分析:A选项属于旅行贴士类生活指南,无新闻性,不是报纸标题;B选项是普通活动告知,新闻性弱,不符合报纸标题特征;C选项报道停电导致数千人受影响的公共事件,有新闻价值,结构简洁,符合报纸标题特点;D选项语法错误(缺少定冠词the,正确表达应为“swept the American Music Awards”),不符合要求。因此选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】英语报刊标题;新闻英语表达
【点评】本题结合英语报刊标题特点考查学生的应用能力,需学生理解报刊标题核心特征,同时具备基础语法辨析能力,是兼顾基础与应用的题目。
【难度系数】0.5
四、用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空,使短文完整通顺。
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:自然灾害 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
drive wide lift away cover window look such as fast they know
Tornadoes(龙卷风) are windstorms that move fast in a circle. They can be weak, strong or violent. About 70% of tornadoes are weak. The weak storms 1.
look
long and thin, like a rope hanging down from the sky. Their winds move at 177 kilometres per hour or less. About 28% of tornadoes are strong. They're 2.
wider
at the top and get narrower near the ground. Their winds move at 177 to 322 kilometres per hour. About 2% of tornadoes are violent. These storms have winds that move 3.
faster
than 322 kilometres per hour. They have the power to 4.
lift away
a whole house.
Tornadoes can form at any time of year, but most form from March to July. It's difficult 5.
to know
ahead of time when a tornado will form. That adds to 6.
their
danger. If you learn that there may be a tornado in your area, you should find a safe place, 7.
such as
a cellar or a tornado shelter. If you can't get to one of these, then a ground floor room in the middle of the house is the best. Stay away from 8.
windows
and doors. If you 9.
are driving
outside, don't stay in the car. You should get out and find 10.
cover
. If you can't find a shelter, lie down in a ditch(沟渠).

答案

1. look 2. wider 3. faster 4. lift away 5. to know 6. their 7. such as 8. windows 9. are driving 10. cover

解析

【分析】本题为英语短文填空,需结合短文语境、语法规则及固定搭配,从方框所给词汇中选择并调整适当形式。解题时先通读全文把握主旨(龙卷风相关知识及防范),再逐个分析每个空格的词性要求、时态/比较级等变化,结合句意确定词汇及形式。
【解析】
1. 句意:弱风暴看起来又长又细,像从天上垂下的绳子。主语weak storms为复数,一般现在时,故填look。
2. 由后文“get narrower(更窄)”可知此处需表“更宽”,用wide的比较级wider。
3. 句中出现than,需用fast的比较级faster,表速度更快。
4. 固定搭配have power to do sth(有能力做某事),结合句意“移走整座房子”,填lift away。
5. 固定句式it's difficult to do sth(做某事困难),故填to know。
6. 修饰名词danger,需用they的形容词性物主代词their,表“它们的危险”。
7. 此处举例说明安全场所,用such as(例如)。
8. 句意:远离门窗,window为可数名词,此处用复数windows。
9. 结合语境“如果你正在开车”,if引导的条件句用现在进行时,故填are driving。
10. 句意:你应该下车找掩护,cover作名词表“掩护”,符合语境,故填cover。
【答案】1. look 2. wider 3. faster 4. lift away 5. to know 6. their 7. such as 8. windows 9. are driving 10. cover
【知识点】英语词汇运用、适当形式填空、固定搭配
【点评】本题围绕灾害防范主题,考查学生对词汇的语境理解及形式变化能力,难度适中,需结合上下文逻辑和语法规则解题。
【难度系数】0.6