2026年课时提优计划作业本八年级英语上册译林版苏州专版第73页答案
一、根据汉语注释或首字母提示写出单词
1. The
Indian
(印度的)rhino is famous for its large and strong horn.
2. Some animals die from
illnesses
(疾病)caused by dirty water and air.
3.
Pollution
(污染)from factories is killing many fish in the rivers.
4. Many species of wildlife are at r
isk
because of human activities.
5. With rising temperatures, the sea ice in the Arctic is starting to m
elt
.

答案

1. Indian 2. illnesses 3. Pollution 4. risk 5. melt

解析

【分析】
本题为根据汉语注释或首字母提示填单词的基础题,解题思路:1. 结合汉语注释判断所需单词的词性,再匹配对应英文单词;2. 若有首字母提示,需结合语境和固定搭配确定单词;3. 注意单词的形式(如名词单复数、句首大写等)。
【解析】
1. 空格修饰名词rhino,汉语“印度的”对应形容词Indian,符合语境;
2. die from后接名词,汉语“疾病”对应illness,此处泛指多种疾病,用复数illnesses;
3. 空格作主语,汉语“污染”对应不可数名词Pollution,句首首字母大写;
4. 固定短语at risk意为“处于危险中”,结合首字母r,填risk;
5. start to后接动词原形,结合首字母m和语境“海冰融化”,填melt。
【答案】
1. Indian 2. illnesses 3. Pollution 4. risk 5. melt
【知识点】
英语单词拼写、固定短语搭配、名词单复数
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇的运用,涵盖单词拼写、词性变化和固定搭配,是巩固英语词汇基础的典型题型,难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8
二、选词填空
drop disaster certain get hurt face problems of
1. Natural
disasters
like earthquakes and floods can destroy homes and roads.
2. The worker
got hurt
because he didn't follow the safety rules.
3. The boy
dropped
his ice cream because he was careless.
4. For
certain
seasons, mountain roads become too dangerous to drive on.
5. If we don't save water, we
will face problems of
water shortages in the future.

答案

1. disasters 2. got hurt 3. dropped 4. certain 5. will face problems of

解析

【分析】
先通读句子理解句意,分析每个空缺处的语法成分(如名词、动词、时态等),再结合备选词逐一匹配,同时注意词的形式变化(如名词复数、动词时态):
1. 第一空:Natural后需接名词,地震、洪水属于灾难,需用复数形式;
2. 第二空:worker后需谓语,结合“没遵守安全规则”可知是受伤,时态为过去式;
3. 第三空:男孩因粗心掉了冰淇淋,时态为过去式;
4. 第四空:For后需形容词,结合固定搭配匹配;
5. 第五空:if引导条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,结合句意匹配短语。
【解析】
1. 句意:像地震和洪水这样的自然灾害会摧毁房屋和道路。natural是形容词,后接名词,地震洪水是多种灾难,故用disaster的复数形式disasters;
2. 句意:这个工人受伤了,因为他没有遵守安全规则。由didn't可知时态为一般过去时,get hurt(受伤)的过去式是got hurt;
3. 句意:这个男孩因为粗心掉了他的冰淇淋。由was可知时态为一般过去时,drop(掉落)的过去式是dropped;
4. 句意:在某些季节,山路变得太危险无法驾驶。for certain是固定搭配,意为“确定地”,故填certain;
5. 句意:如果我们不节约用水,未来我们将面临缺水问题。if引导条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则,主句用一般将来时,face problems of(面临……问题)符合句意,故填will face problems of。
【答案】
1. disasters 2. got hurt 3. dropped 4. certain 5. will face problems of
【知识点】
名词复数、动词时态、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为基础选词填空题,考查词汇运用、语法知识及固定搭配,需结合句意分析空缺处的词性、时态,难度适中,适合基础阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
(
B
)1.
your mistakes and treat them as chances to improve yourself.

A.Receive
B.Accept
C.Avoid
D.Keep

答案

B

解析

【分析】
这是一道动词词义辨析题,需结合句子语境选择合适的动词。首先理解句子含义:“____你的错误,把它们当作提升自己的机会”。接下来分析各选项动词的含义:A选项receive侧重“客观上收到(不管主观意愿)”;B选项accept侧重“主观上接受、认可”;C选项avoid意为“避免”;D选项keep意为“保持”。根据语境,此处需要表达“主观接受错误”的意思,需选择符合该语义的动词。
【解析】
逐一分析选项:
A. receive:指被动接收,不涉及主观意愿,不符合“对待错误”的语境,排除;
B. accept:指主观上接受、认可,符合“接受错误并将其作为提升机会”的语境,正确;
C. avoid:代入后语义不通,排除;
D. keep:不符合语境,排除。
【答案】
B
【知识点】
动词词义辨析
【点评】
本题考查基础动词的词义区分,核心是掌握accept与receive的区别,结合语境判断动词的恰当用法,属于英语基础词汇题。
【难度系数】
0.6
(
A
)2. We can make a fire
the room warm so that we can chat for a while.

A.to keep
B.keeping
C.keep
D.kept

答案

A

解析

【分析】
首先理解句子句意:我们可以生火来让房间暖和,以便我们能聊一会儿。这里需要明确“生火”的目的是“让房间暖和”,英语中表达动作的目的通常用特定的非谓语形式,以此确定解题方向。
【解析】
句子中“make a fire(生火)”的目的是“让房间暖和”,英语里表示动作目的需用动词不定式(to do结构)作目的状语,因此此处应填to keep,对应选项A。
【答案】
A
【知识点】
不定式作目的状语
【点评】
本题考查初中英语基础知识点——不定式作目的状语,属于常考的简单题型,只要掌握不定式表目的的用法就能轻松选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7
(
C
)3. Blue whales can live
around 80 to 90 years in the wild.

A.on
B.out
C.up to
D.to up

答案

C

解析

【分析】
这道题考查动词短语的辨析,解题思路是先回忆live相关的常见短语含义,再结合句意逐一排除错误选项。首先明确句意:蓝鲸在野外能活______大约80到90年。接着分析各选项对应的短语含义,排除不符合语境的选项,最终确定正确搭配。
【解析】
逐一分析选项:
A. live on意为“靠……为生”,如live on vegetables(靠蔬菜为生),不符合“活多达……年”的语境;
B. live out意为“度过(某段时间)、不住在(工作/学习地)”,如live out the vacation(度过假期),不符合句意;
C. live up to是固定短语,意为“多达;达到(某一数值)”,符合“活多达80到90年”的语境;
D. live to up不是正确的英语固定搭配,直接排除。
因此正确答案为C。
【答案】
C
【知识点】
动词短语辨析
【点评】
本题考查与live相关的常用动词短语的含义辨析,需要学生积累常见动词短语搭配,结合句意即可选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.5
(
D
)4. Before you leave the house,
all the lights are turned off.

A.take care
B.be careful
C.pay attention
D.make sure

答案

D

解析

【分析】首先明确句子语境:离开房子前需要做的动作是“确认所有灯都关掉”。接着辨析四个选项的短语用法:A.take care多表示“保重”(道别用语)或“当心”,后不接宾语从句;B.be careful意为“小心”,语义侧重提醒危险,不符合“确认灯关闭”的语境;C.pay attention意为“注意”,是不及物短语,需加介词to才能接内容,不能直接接从句;D.make sure意为“确保”,可直接接that引导的宾语从句,符合句子结构和语义要求,因此选D。
【解析】先翻译句子:在你离开房子前,________所有的灯都关掉了。再逐一分析选项:A.take care 通常用于道别时表示“保重”,或表示“当心”,其后不接宾语从句,不符合此处用法;B.be careful 意为“小心”,语义侧重提醒危险,不符合“确认灯关闭”的语境;C.pay attention 意为“注意”,是不及物短语,需加介词to后才能接内容,不能直接接从句,排除;D.make sure 意为“确保”,为及物短语,可直接接that引导的宾语从句,符合句子结构和语义逻辑,因此选D。
【答案】D
【知识点】动词短语辨析
【点评】本题考查常用动词短语的语义及用法,需准确掌握各短语的含义、搭配及适用语境,属于基础题型,难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5
(
C
)5. The
is the largest animal on the planet.

A.polar bear
B.white whale
C.blue whale
D.African elephant

答案

C

解析

【分析】
本题为英语单项选择题,考查动物类词汇及相关常识。解题思路如下:第一步,理解题干句意:“____是地球上最大的动物”;第二步,逐一分析选项对应的动物:A选项是北极熊,B选项是白鲸,C选项是蓝鲸,D选项是非洲象;第三步,结合常识判断:蓝鲸是目前已知地球上体型最大的动物,非洲象是最大的陆地动物,北极熊、白鲸体型均远小于蓝鲸,据此选出正确答案。
【解析】
题干意为“____是地球上最大的动物”。A项polar bear(北极熊)、B项white whale(白鲸)、D项African elephant(非洲象)均不符合“地球上最大的动物”这一描述;C项blue whale(蓝鲸)是现存地球上体型最大的动物,符合题意,故答案为C。
【答案】
C
【知识点】
英语词汇;常识应用
【点评】
本题结合英语词汇与基础科学常识,难度较低,需掌握常见动物的英文名称及基本常识,适合基础阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.8
四、根据汉语完成句子
1. 老虎的生存空间越来越少。
Tigers have
fewer and fewer living areas
.
2. 工厂应停止向河流排放废物,以避免水污染。
Factories should
stop putting waste into rivers
to avoid
water pollution
.
3. 我们不应该再买毛皮大衣。
We shouldn't buy
fur coats any more
.
4. 你可以加入一个动物保护组织来帮助保护野生动物。
You can
join an animal protection group
to help protect wildlife.
5. 我们不应该因为任何理由捕杀野生动物。
We shouldn't kill wild animals
for any reason
.

答案

1. fewer and fewer living areas 2. stop putting waste into rivers; water pollution 3. fur coats any more 4. join an animal protection group 5. for any reason

解析

【分析】
本题为根据汉语完成句子的基础题型,需结合汉语语义,回忆对应的英语固定表达与短语搭配。具体思路:1. 第1题“越来越少的生存空间”中,“空间”为可数名词area,修饰可数名词的“越来越少”用fewer and fewer,故填对应短语;2. 第2题“停止向河流排放废物”对应固定短语stop putting waste into rivers(stop doing sth表停止做某事),“水污染”为固定名词短语;3. 第3题“不再”用固定搭配not...any more,结合“毛皮大衣”的英文完成填空;4. 第4题“加入动物保护组织”对应常用动词短语;5. 第5题“因为任何理由”为固定介词短语。
【解析】
1. 老虎的生存空间越来越少。Tigers have fewer and fewer living areas.
2. 工厂应停止向河流排放废物,以避免水污染。Factories should stop putting waste into rivers to avoid water pollution.
3. 我们不应该再买毛皮大衣。We shouldn't buy fur coats any more.
4. 你可以加入一个动物保护组织来帮助保护野生动物。You can join an animal protection group to help protect wildlife.
5. 我们不应该因为任何理由捕杀野生动物。We shouldn't kill wild animals for any reason.
【答案】
1. fewer and fewer living areas 2. stop putting waste into rivers; water pollution 3. fur coats any more 4. join an animal protection group 5. for any reason
【知识点】
形容词比较级叠用、动词短语搭配、固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题考察英语基础短语与固定表达,属于汉译英的基础题型,难度较低,学生只要掌握相关常用短语即可正确作答,适合巩固基础知识点。
【难度系数】
0.5
五、阅读理解(2025·苏州改编)
The sun hung low, brushing gold over the empty area. The air buzzed(喧闹)—not with insects, but with voices, cameras, and the weight of something about to begin.
Roy's heart beat like a drum. He looked out at the people gathering for the pancake house ground-breaking ceremony(仪式). Behind him stood the company men and the reporters. And under his feet—hidden underground—were the tiny burrows(洞穴) of the owls.
No sign marked them. No fence protected them. They asked nothing, made no sound, yet now heavy machines waited, ready to destroy(破坏) their living area.
He thought of Mullet Fingers, the wild boy who cared about animals more than himself. He thought of brave Beatrice who helped even when it was hard. Roy had tried to stay out of trouble. He liked quiet. But now, staying quiet didn't feel right.
He stepped up to the microphone(话筒).
“Excuse me,” he said, voice shaking. “Before you dig... you should know the truth.”
The crowd(人群) grew quiet.
“There are owls living here,” Roy said. “They're small. They're scared. And if you build here, you'll destroy their homes.”
Someone in the crowd laughed. A reporter asked, “How do you know that?”
“Because I saw them. I stood right there and watched them. They live here. They belong here. And they matter.”
The manager stepped forward, “This is not your business, kid.”
Roy turned to face him. His fear turned into something else—strength(力量).
“It's my business. It's everyone's business. We can't just destroy what we don't see. Progress should not come at the cost of wonder,” he said.
His hands stopped shaking. People in the crowd began whispering(窃窃私语). One mother held her child's hand. A teacher nodded. Even the manager looked uncertain.
Roy didn't know what would happen next. But he did what he could. He spoke the truth.
Roy used to be scared. But doing the right thing made him stronger.
Sometimes, doing what you can is enough to change the wind.
(
B
)1. Who did Roy think of before stepping up to the microphone?
A. His teacher.
B. Mullet Fingers and Beatrice.
C. The manager.
D. The newspaper reporters.
(
B
)2. Why was Roy speaking to the crowd at the ceremony?
A. To raise money for wildlife.
B. To protect the owls' living area.
C. To advertise the pancake house.
D. To welcome people from other towns.
(
C
)3. What does the underlined sentence in the passage mean?
A. Extra cost should be paid to protect nature.
B. There's nothing more important than progress.
C. Nature shouldn't be destroyed for development.
D. People should cut the cost of creating wonders.
(
D
)4. What can we learn from Roy's story in the passage?
A. Silence sometimes speaks louder than actions.
B. Finding out the truth needs patience and wisdom.
C. Knowing yourself helps you make the right choice.
D. Standing up for nature is hard but it's worth it.

答案

1.B 2.B 3.C 4.D

解析

【分析】
做这几道阅读理解题时,需根据题干关键词定位原文对应内容,结合细节、句意或主旨逐一分析选项:第1题定位Roy上台前的想法,第2题定位Roy发言的目的,第3题结合上下文猜测划线句含义,第4题归纳Roy的故事传递的道理,从而选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题:根据原文第四段“He thought of Mullet Fingers, the wild boy who cared about animals more than himself. He thought of brave Beatrice who helped even when it was hard.”可知,Roy上台前想到了Mullet Fingers和Beatrice,对应选项B,故选B。
2. 细节理解题:根据原文第六段到第八段及后续内容,Roy上台发言是为了告知众人此处有猫头鹰的洞穴,若施工会破坏它们的生存区域,目的是保护猫头鹰的栖息地,对应选项B,故选B。
3. 句意猜测题:划线句“Progress should not come at the cost of wonder”意为“发展不应以牺牲自然的美好为代价”,对应选项C“Nature shouldn't be destroyed for development.”,故选C。
4. 主旨大意题:Roy原本胆小,后来克服恐惧站出来维护猫头鹰的生存,虽过程艰难但他做了正确的事,传递出“为自然挺身而出虽难但值得”的道理,对应选项D,故选D。
【答案】
1.B 2.B 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解(细节理解、句意猜测、主旨归纳)
【点评】
本文是一篇记叙文类阅读理解,围绕Roy维护猫头鹰栖息地的故事设置题目,考查学生的信息定位、句意理解及主旨归纳能力,题目难度适中,贴合初中英语阅读的考查方向。
【难度系数】
0.7