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For centuries, lacquer fans（漆扇）have been loved for their beauty. Today, we'll take a look at the story behind lacquer fans.
Lacquer fans are special fans from China, and their history dates back to the Han Dynasty. Later, lacquer fans became one of the top collections in the art world during the Tang Dynasty. Lacquer is a natural varnish（清漆）from the lacquer tree. It was first used for wooden objects to protect them from water and insects. Over time, workers began to use lacquer to make and decorate（装饰）fans.
Lacquer fans are made with bamboo or wooden frames（框架）. Traditionally, they are painted with different themes and patterns（图案）, such as flowers and birds, and people, to make them more beautiful. Although the ways of making fans continue to improve, workers still use traditional techniques（技艺）to create lacquer fans, keeping this ancient art alive.
Nowadays, lacquer fan painting is one of the most popular activities among young people. The process is quite simple. People first choose the colors they want to use, drop the colored lacquer into the water, stir（搅拌）it, put the fans in the water for a while, and then take them out. And that's it.
Many people like lacquer fans. Every fan is unique（独一无二的）, like each of us.
1. When did lacquer fans become one of the top collections in the art world?
A. During the Han Dynasty.
B. During the Tang Dynasty.
C. During the Ming Dynasty.
D. During the Qing Dynasty.
2. According to the passage, what are the frames of the lacquer fans made of?
A. Glass or plastic.
B. Glass or wood.
C. Bamboo or wood.
D. Plastic or bamboo.
3. What's the correct order of painting lacquer fans?
a. Take them out.
b. Choose the colors they want to use.
c. Drop the colored lacquer into the water, and stir it.
d. Put the fans in the water for a while.
A. b-c-d-a
B. c-d-a-b
C. c-b-a-d
D. b-a-c-d
4. In which column（栏目）of a magazine can we find the passage?
A. Health.
B. Sports.
C. Art.
D. Space.
5. What would be the best structure of the passage?
Lacquer fans are special fans from China, and their history dates back to the Han Dynasty. Later, lacquer fans became one of the top collections in the art world during the Tang Dynasty. Lacquer is a natural varnish（清漆）from the lacquer tree. It was first used for wooden objects to protect them from water and insects. Over time, workers began to use lacquer to make and decorate（装饰）fans.
Lacquer fans are made with bamboo or wooden frames（框架）. Traditionally, they are painted with different themes and patterns（图案）, such as flowers and birds, and people, to make them more beautiful. Although the ways of making fans continue to improve, workers still use traditional techniques（技艺）to create lacquer fans, keeping this ancient art alive.
Nowadays, lacquer fan painting is one of the most popular activities among young people. The process is quite simple. People first choose the colors they want to use, drop the colored lacquer into the water, stir（搅拌）it, put the fans in the water for a while, and then take them out. And that's it.
Many people like lacquer fans. Every fan is unique（独一无二的）, like each of us.
1. When did lacquer fans become one of the top collections in the art world?
A. During the Han Dynasty.
B. During the Tang Dynasty.
C. During the Ming Dynasty.
D. During the Qing Dynasty.
2. According to the passage, what are the frames of the lacquer fans made of?
A. Glass or plastic.
B. Glass or wood.
C. Bamboo or wood.
D. Plastic or bamboo.
3. What's the correct order of painting lacquer fans?
a. Take them out.
b. Choose the colors they want to use.
c. Drop the colored lacquer into the water, and stir it.
d. Put the fans in the water for a while.
A. b-c-d-a
B. c-d-a-b
C. c-b-a-d
D. b-a-c-d
4. In which column（栏目）of a magazine can we find the passage?
A. Health.
B. Sports.
C. Art.
D. Space.
5. What would be the best structure of the passage?
答案
Passage 13
1—5 BCACD
1—5 BCACD
解析
【解析】
1. 根据文章第二段“Later, lacquer fans became one of the top collections in the art world during the Tang Dynasty.”，可知答案为B。
2. 根据文章第三段第一句“Lacquer fans are made with bamboo or wooden frames（框架）.”，可知答案为C。
3. 根据文章第四段描述的漆扇绘制步骤：先选择想要的颜色，再把有色漆滴入水中搅拌，接着把扇子放入水中一会儿，最后取出，顺序为b-c-d-a，可知答案为A。
4. 本文介绍的是中国传统工艺漆扇，属于艺术范畴，可知答案为C。
5. 文章第一段总起引入漆扇，第二、三、四段分别从历史、制作工艺、现代绘制方式分述漆扇，最后第五段总结漆扇的独特性与受欢迎的原因，对应选项D的结构，可知答案为D。
【答案】
1-5 BCACD
【知识点】
阅读理解细节题、文章结构判断、文化类阅读
【点评】
本题围绕中国传统工艺漆扇展开，考查学生对文章细节的抓取能力和对文章整体结构的把握，同时能帮助学生了解传统工艺文化。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 根据文章第二段“Later, lacquer fans became one of the top collections in the art world during the Tang Dynasty.”，可知答案为B。
2. 根据文章第三段第一句“Lacquer fans are made with bamboo or wooden frames（框架）.”，可知答案为C。
3. 根据文章第四段描述的漆扇绘制步骤：先选择想要的颜色，再把有色漆滴入水中搅拌，接着把扇子放入水中一会儿，最后取出，顺序为b-c-d-a，可知答案为A。
4. 本文介绍的是中国传统工艺漆扇，属于艺术范畴，可知答案为C。
5. 文章第一段总起引入漆扇，第二、三、四段分别从历史、制作工艺、现代绘制方式分述漆扇，最后第五段总结漆扇的独特性与受欢迎的原因，对应选项D的结构，可知答案为D。
【答案】
1-5 BCACD
【知识点】
阅读理解细节题、文章结构判断、文化类阅读
【点评】
本题围绕中国传统工艺漆扇展开，考查学生对文章细节的抓取能力和对文章整体结构的把握，同时能帮助学生了解传统工艺文化。
【难度系数】
0.6
A new study warns that millions of Europeans could die from heat-related causes by the end of the century. The study was based on predicted climate activities in 854 different European cities. It found that hot weather could kill as many as 2.3 million people in Europe by 2100.
Presently, cold weather kills far more people in Europe than hot weather. But the study found that as temperatures continue to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time. However, heat-related deaths are predicted to rise greatly.
The researchers said the number of predicted deaths could be reduced if nations are able to find better ways of cutting down carbon（碳）pollution levels. They called for increased efforts to reduce greenhouse gases and develop air-cooling systems in parts of Europe. Without such efforts, places in Italy, southern Spain and Greece are likely to see a large increase in heat deaths related to climate change.
On the other hand, much of Scandinavia and Britain are predicted to see fewer cold-related deaths, largely because low temperatures are expected to be moderate.
Pierre Masselot helped lead the research into the environmental effects on human health. "The Mediterranean（地中海）is a so-called climate hotspot," he said. "It's an area that is warming much quicker than the rest of the world. And Malta is right in the middle of it." The study predicts Malta's temperature-related deaths will increase by 269 in every 100,000 people by the end of the century.
European officials reported that several heat waves have killed thousands of people in recent years. The highest number was in 2003 when about 70,000 deaths were recorded. Among the areas predicted to see the most deaths from future temperature rises is Barcelona, Spain. The study found almost 250,000 people could die from temperature-related causes in that city by 2100.
1. How many heat-related deaths in Europe are predicted by 2100 according to the study?
A. 70,000.
B. 250,000.
C. 2.3 million.
D. 854.
2. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Temperatures in Europe are keeping on going up now.
B. The whole of Europe will face the danger of hot weather.
C. The study has researched enough actual climate activities.
D. About 854 European cities are suffering from hot weather.
3. Which paragraph talks about how to reduce the heat-related deaths?
A. Paragraph 3.
B. Paragraph 4.
C. Paragraph 5.
D. Paragraph 6.
4. What does the underlined word "It" in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A. Malta.
B. Europe.
C. A climate hotspot.
D. The Mediterranean.
5. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Dangers Will Come at the End of the Century.
B. Barcelona Will Be Hit by Heat-related Deaths.
C. Millions of Europeans Face Deadly Heat Risks.
D. Actions Are Needed to Reduce Carbon Pollution.
Presently, cold weather kills far more people in Europe than hot weather. But the study found that as temperatures continue to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time. However, heat-related deaths are predicted to rise greatly.
The researchers said the number of predicted deaths could be reduced if nations are able to find better ways of cutting down carbon（碳）pollution levels. They called for increased efforts to reduce greenhouse gases and develop air-cooling systems in parts of Europe. Without such efforts, places in Italy, southern Spain and Greece are likely to see a large increase in heat deaths related to climate change.
On the other hand, much of Scandinavia and Britain are predicted to see fewer cold-related deaths, largely because low temperatures are expected to be moderate.
Pierre Masselot helped lead the research into the environmental effects on human health. "The Mediterranean（地中海）is a so-called climate hotspot," he said. "It's an area that is warming much quicker than the rest of the world. And Malta is right in the middle of it." The study predicts Malta's temperature-related deaths will increase by 269 in every 100,000 people by the end of the century.
European officials reported that several heat waves have killed thousands of people in recent years. The highest number was in 2003 when about 70,000 deaths were recorded. Among the areas predicted to see the most deaths from future temperature rises is Barcelona, Spain. The study found almost 250,000 people could die from temperature-related causes in that city by 2100.
1. How many heat-related deaths in Europe are predicted by 2100 according to the study?
A. 70,000.
B. 250,000.
C. 2.3 million.
D. 854.
2. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Temperatures in Europe are keeping on going up now.
B. The whole of Europe will face the danger of hot weather.
C. The study has researched enough actual climate activities.
D. About 854 European cities are suffering from hot weather.
3. Which paragraph talks about how to reduce the heat-related deaths?
A. Paragraph 3.
B. Paragraph 4.
C. Paragraph 5.
D. Paragraph 6.
4. What does the underlined word "It" in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A. Malta.
B. Europe.
C. A climate hotspot.
D. The Mediterranean.
5. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Dangers Will Come at the End of the Century.
B. Barcelona Will Be Hit by Heat-related Deaths.
C. Millions of Europeans Face Deadly Heat Risks.
D. Actions Are Needed to Reduce Carbon Pollution.
答案
Passage 14
1. C 根据第一段中的“It found that hot weather could kill as many as 2.3 million people in Europe by 2100.”可知，答案是2.3 million，故选C。
2. A 根据第二段的主要内容及“as temperatures continue to rise”可推测，欧洲气温将持续上升，故选A。
3. A 第三段明确说明了减少碳排放和开发空调系统是减少热死亡的方法，其他段落未涉及具体措施，故选A。
4. D 前文是“The Mediterranean is a so-called climate hotspot”，联系上下文语境可知，此处“It”指代前文中的“地中海”，表示地中海地区的气温将会比世界上其他地区升高得更快。故选D。
5. C 文章是一篇欧洲高温死亡预测研究，揭示了气候变化对人类健康的威胁，C选项“数百万欧洲人面临致命高温风险”符合本文主旨，故选C。
1. C 根据第一段中的“It found that hot weather could kill as many as 2.3 million people in Europe by 2100.”可知，答案是2.3 million，故选C。
2. A 根据第二段的主要内容及“as temperatures continue to rise”可推测，欧洲气温将持续上升，故选A。
3. A 第三段明确说明了减少碳排放和开发空调系统是减少热死亡的方法，其他段落未涉及具体措施，故选A。
4. D 前文是“The Mediterranean is a so-called climate hotspot”，联系上下文语境可知，此处“It”指代前文中的“地中海”，表示地中海地区的气温将会比世界上其他地区升高得更快。故选D。
5. C 文章是一篇欧洲高温死亡预测研究，揭示了气候变化对人类健康的威胁，C选项“数百万欧洲人面临致命高温风险”符合本文主旨，故选C。
解析
【解析】
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“It found that hot weather could kill as many as 2.3 million people in Europe by 2100.”可知，到2100年欧洲因高温死亡的人数预计为230万，故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“as temperatures continue to rise”及段落内容可推断，欧洲的气温正在持续上升，故选A。
3. 细节理解题。第三段明确提出减少碳排放、开发空气冷却系统等减少高温相关死亡的措施，其他段落未涉及此类具体方法，故选A。
4. 词义猜测题。前文提到“The Mediterranean（地中海）is a so-called climate hotspot”，结合上下文语境可知，此处“It”指代“The Mediterranean”，表示该地区升温速度比世界其他地区更快，故选D。
5. 主旨大意题。文章开篇点明研究警告到本世纪末数百万欧洲人可能因高温死亡，后续围绕该研究展开论述，C选项最能概括文章主旨，故选C。
【答案】
1. C；2. A；3. A；4. D；5. C
【知识点】
细节理解题；推理判断题；主旨大意题
【点评】
本文是一篇关于气候变化影响人类健康的说明文，通过研究数据呈现欧洲未来高温相关死亡的预测及应对方向，考查学生对细节信息提取、推理判断和主旨归纳的能力，有助于提升学生科普类文本的阅读素养。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“It found that hot weather could kill as many as 2.3 million people in Europe by 2100.”可知，到2100年欧洲因高温死亡的人数预计为230万，故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“as temperatures continue to rise”及段落内容可推断，欧洲的气温正在持续上升，故选A。
3. 细节理解题。第三段明确提出减少碳排放、开发空气冷却系统等减少高温相关死亡的措施，其他段落未涉及此类具体方法，故选A。
4. 词义猜测题。前文提到“The Mediterranean（地中海）is a so-called climate hotspot”，结合上下文语境可知，此处“It”指代“The Mediterranean”，表示该地区升温速度比世界其他地区更快，故选D。
5. 主旨大意题。文章开篇点明研究警告到本世纪末数百万欧洲人可能因高温死亡，后续围绕该研究展开论述，C选项最能概括文章主旨，故选C。
【答案】
1. C；2. A；3. A；4. D；5. C
【知识点】
细节理解题；推理判断题；主旨大意题
【点评】
本文是一篇关于气候变化影响人类健康的说明文，通过研究数据呈现欧洲未来高温相关死亡的预测及应对方向，考查学生对细节信息提取、推理判断和主旨归纳的能力，有助于提升学生科普类文本的阅读素养。
【难度系数】
0.6
