Ⅰ.Complete the sentences with proper words.用适当的词语完成句子。
1. When the flood reached the village,the family were visiting their r in the nearby town.
2. As the typhoon hit the highway,the driver noticed a /trʌk/ was stopping ahead of him.
3. While the snowstorm blocked the roads,the volunteers were collecting enough s like food and water.
4. They were making (prepare) for the earthquake when the official warning came.
5. When the heavy rain started,the workers (cover) the outdoor equipment with waterproof cloths.
6. During the sandstorm,the driver wasn't slowing down,so he (cause) an accident on the road.

Ⅰ.1. relatives 2. truck 3. supplies 4. preparations
5. were covering 6. caused

【分析】
这道题是用适当词语完成句子的题型，解题时可以按以下思路走：1. 先通读每个句子，把握整体语境，本题所有句子都围绕突发灾害的相关场景展开，整体时态多和过去相关；2. 区分不同小题的出题类型：首字母填空题要结合句子语义+给出的首字母，选择匹配的词汇，同时注意名词的单复数变化；音标写词题直接对照给定音标写出对应常用单词即可；给出提示词的变形题，要结合固定搭配规则、时态要求、主谓一致来对提示词做正确变形，最终代入句子检查语义是否通顺、语法是否正确。
【解析】
1. 句意为：当洪水抵达村庄时，这家人正在附近城镇拜访他们的亲戚。结合首字母r和语境，空格处表示“亲戚”，对应单词relative，此处指代多个亲戚，要用复数形式relatives。
2. 给定音标为/trʌk/，对应单词truck，意为卡车，符合“司机注意到前方有车辆停下”的语境，空前有不定冠词a，直接填单数truck即可。
3. 句意为：暴风雪封堵道路时，志愿者正在收集足够的像食物、水这类的物资。结合首字母s和语境，空格处表示“补给、物资”，supply作该含义讲时常用复数形式supplies，指代多类生活物资。
4. 句意为：官方预警发布的时候，他们正在为地震做准备。此处考查固定搭配make preparations for，意为“为……做准备”，需要把动词prepare变为可数名词的复数形式preparations。
5. 句意为：大雨开始的时候，工人们正用防水布遮盖户外设备。此处是when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，要用过去进行时，主语the workers是复数，对应的结构为were covering。
6. 句意为：沙尘暴期间司机没有减速，所以他在路上引发了事故。全句描述过去发生的事实，要用一般过去时，动词cause的过去式为caused。
【答案】
1. relatives 2. truck 3. supplies 4. preparations 5. were covering 6. caused
【知识点】
语境词汇运用，音标识词，词形与时态变换
【点评】
本题结合灾害场景综合考察初中英语基础词汇和语法知识，考点覆盖首字母填空、音标写词、固定搭配、动词时态等多个核心基础点，易错点集中在第4题容易漏写preparation的复数s，以及过去进行时和一般过去时的区分，整体能有效检验学生对基础词汇语法的掌握熟练度。
【难度系数】
0.7

Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks according to the conversation of 3a in the text.根据课本中3a的对话内容填空。
Haitao and Lisa talked about their experiences during the recent typhoon.

Lisa's family were 7. trouble during the typhoon. Haitao's family
8. (drive) home from their relatives' house when the strong winds started. It was raining hard 9. they were driving back. They almost got into 10. accident when a truck nearly hit their car. And when they got home later,they found water everywhere,and the house looked awful. But Lisa's house was fine.
11. (luck),before the typhoon started,her family covered their windows and moved their things 12. the floor. They also 13. (store) food and water.
The experiences show that being prepared for typhoons—like 14. (cover) windows and storing supplies—can help protect homes from damage. It also 15. (remind) people that travelling during a typhoon is very dangerous.

Ⅱ.7. in 8. were driving 9. while 10. an
11. Luckily 12. off 13. stored 14. covering
15. reminds

【分析】
这是结合台风防灾主题的语法填空题，解题时先通读全文理清整体叙事的过去时态背景，再逐个分析空格的考点：首先优先回忆常见固定短语搭配，遇到带提示词的空格先判断是需要变换时态、词性还是非谓语形式，没有提示词的空格结合句子成分、语境常识判断要填的连词、冠词、介词，同时注意并列结构的形式统一、主谓一致等细节规则，就能顺次推出所有答案。
【解析】
7. 考查固定短语：in trouble是固定搭配，含义为“处于困境中、遇到麻烦”，故填in。
8. 考查过去进行时：句意为“当强风开始的时候，海涛的家人正从亲戚家开车回家”，when引导一般过去时的时间状语从句，主句表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，主语Haitao's family指代家庭成员，为复数概念，故填were driving。
9. 考查时间状语从句连词：句意为“当他们开车返程的时候，雨下得很大”，“下雨”和“开车”都是延续性动作，用while引导该时间状语从句，故填while。
10. 考查不定冠词：此处泛指“一场事故”，accident是可数名词单数，且单词发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
11. 考查词性转换：空格放在句首修饰整个句子，需要将名词luck转换为副词形式luckily，意为“幸运的是”，句首首字母大写，故填Luckily。
12. 考查介词：结合台风防灾常识，需要把物品从地面移开避免被积水浸泡，move sth off the floor表示“把某物从地面移开”，故填off。
13. 考查一般过去时：全文叙事背景是过去发生的台风事件，此处描述台风来临前家人做的准备，用一般过去时，store的过去式为stored，故填stored。
14. 考查非谓语动词：此处like是介词，含义为“比如”，后面接动名词作宾语，和并列的storing形式保持一致，故填covering。
15. 考查一般现在时主谓一致：句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语It是第三人称单数，谓语动词变形为reminds，故填reminds。
【答案】
7. in
8. were driving
9. while
10. an
11. Luckily
12. off
13. stored
14. covering
15. reminds
【知识点】
固定短语搭配，动词时态，词性转换
【点评】
本题结合生活化的灾害防护场景命题，覆盖初中英语核心基础语法考点，既考察学生对时态、冠词、介词等规则的掌握，也要求学生结合上下文逻辑和生活常识推导答案，同时渗透了实用的防灾常识，命题设计很灵活。
【难度系数】
0.7

Ⅲ.Read and choose the best answer.阅读并选择最佳答案。
Earthquakes are scary natural disasters that come suddenly. When one hits,the ground shakes hard—you might feel dizzy,and things break with loud crashes. Plates fall off shelves, windows shatter,and weak buildings even collapse. This chaos brings big trouble to people's lives and causes much panic(恐慌).
For daily life,earthquakes often cut off water and electricity. We can't use lights,cook meals,or charge phones,which makes asking for help hard. At school,classes stop at once: teachers tell students to hide under desks,then lead them to the playground. For work,offices and factories close;roads may have holes,so drivers can't move. Shops shut down too,so we can't buy food or medicine easily.
But we can protect ourselves. First,learn earthquake drills—practice helps us act fast. When an earthquake comes,if indoors,hide under a strong desk(not near windows!). If outdoors,run to an open place,away from buildings and trees. Keep an emergency bag at home:water,biscuits, a flashlight,and a small first-aid kit. We can also help those in trouble,like old people,without risking ourselves. These steps help avoid injury and reduce damage.
In short,earthquakes are dangerous but not terrifying. Good preparation—like keeping emergency supplies and practicing drills—helps us stay calm when disaster hits. Right actions keep our families safe and help neighbourhoods return to normal faster. If we remember these tips,we can face earthquakes bravely and get through hard times smoothly.
()16. What does the word "collapse" mean in the first paragraph?
A. Fall down suddenly. B. Shake strongly. C. Make a loud noise.
()17. What is one direct effect of an earthquake on daily life according to the text?
A. People gather in shops to buy food.
B. Water and electricity supplies are cut off.
C. Students continue their classes outdoors.
()18. Why does the article suggest learning earthquake drills?
A. To make people act fast instead of panicking.
B. To help people buy emergency supplies quickly.
C. To let people know how to repair broken buildings.
()19. What should you do if you are outdoors during an earthquake?
A. Hide under a strong desk immediately.
B. Help old people around you to evacuate(撤离).
C. Move to an open area away from buildings and trees.
()20. What is the main purpose of this article?
A. To tell people how terrible earthquakes are.
B. To introduce different kinds of natural disasters.
C. To teach people how to deal with earthquakes safely.

Ⅲ.16. A 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. C

【分析】
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读理解，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章围绕地震的危害和安全应对方法展开，之后针对每道小题回到原文对应段落定位信息：词义猜测题结合上下文语境推断单词含义，细节题直接匹配原文表述排除错误选项，主旨大意题结合首尾段内容总结核心写作目的，就能快速选出正确答案。
【解析】
16. 词义猜测题：定位第一段，前文提到地震发生时盘子从货架掉落、窗户碎裂，语境里“不结实的建筑”在地震中的典型状态是倒塌，A选项“突然倒下”完全符合语境；B选项剧烈摇晃、C选项发出巨响都不符合地震中受损建筑的最终结果，因此选A。
17. 细节理解题：定位第二段第一句原文明确表述“For daily life,earthquakes often cut off water and electricity”，直接对应B选项水电供应被切断；A选项和原文“商店关门很难买到食物”表述矛盾，C选项和原文“课程立刻停止”表述矛盾，因此选B。
18. 细节理解题：定位第三段第二句原文说明“learn earthquake drills—practice helps us act fast”，地震演练的作用是帮助人们快速行动、避免慌乱，对应A选项；B选项快速购买应急物资、C选项修复破损建筑在文中均未提及，因此选A。
19. 细节理解题：定位第三段原文明确说明“If outdoors,run to an open place,away from buildings and trees”，直接对应C选项；A选项是室内地震的应对做法，B选项不是地震发生时户外首先要执行的操作，因此选C。
20. 主旨大意题：文章仅用少量篇幅介绍地震的危害，核心内容全部围绕地震前的准备、地震发生时的正确避险方法展开，写作目的是教会人们安全应对地震，A选项只强调地震可怕不是核心目的，B选项介绍不同自然灾害在文中完全没有涉及，因此选C。
【答案】
16.A 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，词义猜测，主旨大意
【点评】
本题属于生活化科普类阅读，所有题目的正确选项都能在原文找到明确的对应依据，只要学生掌握回原文定位信息的基础阅读技巧就可以顺利得分，同时题目内容还能让学生掌握实用的地震避险常识，兼具考察性和科普性。
【难度系数】
0.8