三、完形填空
It was about two o'clock in the early morning. I was sleeping when the earthquake 1. Suddenly I felt a slight shake(摇晃). Then I heard a loud 2 like thunder (雷声). Soon the real noise came, like bombs (炸弹) under the ground. The 3 started to shake. People were 4. Some ran out of the building. I tried to run out, too, but I could not. Outside, people were running while pieces of glass were falling down. Then the 5 began to come down, too!
Finally, the noise and shaking ended. It was 6 around me. I could not see anything at all, and I did not 7 if anyone else was near me. I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast. "I'm here," I said. I was afraid, but I tried to be 8.
I shouted for help, 9 no one came. Then I pulled myself slowly through the dark. Luckily, there was enough space for me to move.
Hours later, as I was trying to go out, I 10 heard some noise above me. I shouted, "Please help! I'm here!" Then other people shouted, too. At last, the firemen saved us.
()1. A. ended B. landed C. covered D. started
()2. A. report B. noise C. show D. music
()3. A. truck B. flood C. earth D. wind
()4. A. afraid B. glad C. famous D. excited
()5. A. islands B. radios C. walls D. umbrellas
()6. A. beautiful B. boring C. enough D. quiet
()7. A. keep B. warn C. know D. write
()8. A. calm B. huge C. harmful D. shy
()9. A. and B. so C. but D. or
()10. A. hardly B. suddenly C. usually D. sadly

1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.B

【分析】
这是一篇讲述地震亲历过程的记叙文完形填空，解题时首先要通读全文，梳理清楚“凌晨熟睡遭遇地震→地震过程中建筑坍塌→被困废墟中→最终获救”的完整故事脉络，再结合每道题的上下文语境、生活常识、词义辨析和逻辑关系逐一排除不符合场景的错误选项，就能选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 前文提到作者当时正在熟睡，后文出现“突然感受到轻微摇晃”的细节，说明此处是地震开始发生，A.ended结束，B.landed着陆，C.covered覆盖，均不符合语境，选D.started。
2. 后文提到声响像雷声，对应地震发生时听到的巨大噪音，A.report报告，C.show演出，D.music音乐，均不符合地震场景，选B.noise。
3. 前文提到地下传来类似炸弹的声响，地震发生时会出现大地晃动的现象，A.truck卡车，B.flood洪水，D.wind风，均不符合地震特征，选C.earth。
4. 突发地震是危险场景，人们的正常反应是感到害怕，B.glad开心的，C.famous著名的，D.excited兴奋的，均不符合常理，选A.afraid。
5. 前文提到玻璃碎片不断掉落，后续建筑的墙体也开始坍塌坠落，A.islands岛屿，B.radios收音机，D.umbrellas雨伞，均不符合场景，选C.walls。
6. 后文提到声响和晃动都停止了，周围什么都看不见，说明地震结束后周遭一片寂静，A.beautiful美丽的，B.boring无聊的，C.enough足够的，均不符合语境，选D.quiet。
7. 作者身处完全黑暗的环境中，视线受阻，因此不知道附近是否还有其他人，A.keep保持，B.warn警告，D.write书写，均不符合语义，选C.know。
8. 前文提到作者十分害怕，句中but表转折，说明作者努力让自己保持冷静，B.huge巨大的，C.harmful有害的，D.shy害羞的，均不符合语境，选A.calm。
9. 前半句“我大声呼救”和后半句“没有人赶来”是转折逻辑关系，A.and表并列，B.so表因果，D.or表选择/否则，均不符合逻辑，选C.but。
10. 作者被困数小时后正尝试向外移动，这时意外突然听到上方传来声响，A.hardly几乎不，C.usually通常，D.sadly悲伤地，均不符合语境，选B.suddenly。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.B
【知识点】
记叙文语境理解，词义辨析，连词逻辑判断
【点评】
本篇完形填空情节连贯，主题贴近生活，所有选项均为初中阶段核心基础词汇，大部分题目可以结合地震场景的生活常识直接推导答案，既考察学生对基础词汇的掌握程度，也通过故事传递了遭遇危险时要尽量保持冷静的正向引导，适合初中低年级学生练习巩固完形填空基础解题方法。
【难度系数】
0.8

四、阅读理解
The world is getting warmer, and the ice in high mountains is melting(融化). How to slow down the melt?
Wearing "clothes"
In the 1990s, people in Switzerland put white "blankets" on ski areas. The white colour can send the sunshine back and keep the ice cool. The blankets are made of wool, so rain can go through the blankets and become ice. They can slow down the melt by about 50 to 70 percent. Today, the "blankets" in Switzerland cover 10,000 to 50,000 square metres of ice.
Painting the rocks
Farmers in the Andes Mountains in Peru use a similar idea. Above 5,000 metres, they paint the rocks with white "paint". The paint is made of water, sand and soap. The soap helps it stick to the rocks. The white rocks can be 16 ℃ cooler than the dark rocks.
Creating snow
Scientists at an organization called Glaciers Alive turn to man-made snow for help in Switzerland. In winter, they use water from a small lake up in the mountain. The water goes down some pipes (管道). On the pipes, there are shower heads (喷头). The water flows out from the pipes and becomes snow on the mountain.
()1. What are the blankets in Switzerland made of?
A. Wool. B. Cotton. C. Sand. D. Paper.
()2. Why do farmers in the Andes Mountains paint rocks white?
A. To grow plants. B. To keep them cool.
C. To protect the birds. D. To make them beautiful.
()3. When do scientists at Glacier Alive make snow?
A. In spring. B. In summer. C. In winter. D. In autumn.
()4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Paints in the snow. B. Life in mountains.
C. Problems in the world. D. Ways to slow down ice melting.
()5. In which part of a newspaper is the passage probably from?
A. Sports News B. Travel Life
C. Health Care D. Environmental Science

1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.D

【分析】
这是一篇环保主题的说明文阅读理解，解题时可以先浏览所有题干，明确每个题的定位关键词，带着问题返回原文对应段落查找信息：1-3题都是细节理解题，直接用题干里的专有名词（Switzerland、Andes Mountains、Glaciers Alive）作为关键词回原文锁定对应语句就能得到答案；第4题主旨大意题重点关注文章开头的设问和三个并列介绍模块的共同主题；第5题文章出处推断题结合全文的主题属性匹配报纸的不同板块即可，整体解题思路清晰，不需要复杂推理。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位到文章第二段介绍瑞士给冰川盖“毯子”的部分，原文明确写明"The blankets are made of wool"，对应选项A。
2. 细节理解题：定位到文章第三段介绍安第斯山脉给岩石涂白的部分，提到白色岩石比深色岩石温度低16℃，目的是通过降温减缓冰川融化，对应选项B“让岩石保持凉爽”。
3. 细节理解题：定位到文章第四段介绍造人工雪的部分，原文直接说明"In winter, they use water from a small lake up in the mountain."，即科学家在冬季造雪，对应选项C。
4. 主旨大意题：文章开篇就提出核心问题“How to slow down the melt（如何减缓冰川融化）”，后续分别介绍了盖保温毯、给岩石涂白、造人工雪三种对应的解决方法，全文围绕减缓冰川融化的方法展开，对应选项D。
5. 推理判断题：全文介绍的是应对全球变暖、保护高山冰川的相关科学方法，属于环境相关的科普内容，最可能出现在报纸的环境科学板块，对应选项D。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.D
【知识点】
细节信息定位，主旨大意归纳，文本出处推断
【点评】
本篇阅读属于低难度的科普类阅读，绝大多数题目都可以通过关键词直接在原文找到对应答案，仅最后两题需要结合全文内容做简单归纳判断，既可以锻炼学生快速抓取文本关键信息的阅读能力，也能向学生普及冰川保护的相关环保常识，适合初中低年级学生作为阅读训练材料。
【难度系数】
0.8