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一、阅读理解
| 题目 | 体裁 | 字数 | 难度 | 建议用时 | 实际用时 | 正确率 |
| 灾难性的天气 | 说明文 | 325 | ★★★★★ | 8分钟 | ____分钟 | ____/4 |
As the effects of climate change become more disastrous, well-known research institutions(机构) are focusing new money and attention on an idea: artificially(人工地) cooling the planet, in the hopes of buying humans more time to cut greenhouse gas emissions(排放).
That strategy, called solar geoengineering, includes reflecting more of the sun's energy back into space—reducing global temperatures in a way that is similar to the effects of ash clouds flowing out from the volcanic eruptions(火山喷发). The idea has been considered as a dangerous solution, as researchers on global warming worry that it would encourage people to keep burning fossil fuels (化石燃料) while bringing unexpected and harmful side effects to the planet, producing more hurricanes, wildfires, floods and other disasters.
But as global warming continues, some researchers and policy experts say that worries about geoengineering should be outweighed by the great need to better understand it, in case climate change becomes so terrible that the world can't wait for better solutions.
By solar geoengineering, one way to cool the earth is to put aerosols(气溶胶) into the upper part of the atmosphere, where the aerosols reflect sunlight away from the earth. That process works, according to Douglas MacMartin, a researcher at Cornell University.
"We know with 100% certainty that we can cool the planet," he said in an interview. "What's still unclear," he added, "is what happens next." Temperature, MacMartin said, is seen as a sign of climate effects. "What does it do to the strength of hurricanes?" he asked. "What does it do to agriculture production? What does it do to the risk of forest fires?"
Another institution supported by the National Science Foundation will study hundreds of similar processes of aerosol injection, testing the effects on weather extremes around the world. One goal of the research is to look for a sweet spot: the amount of artificial cooling that can reduce extreme weather events without causing broader changes in regional rainfall patterns or similar impacts.
( )1. Why do researchers work on cooling the earth?
A. To create volcanic eruptions.
B. To prevent natural disasters.
C. To encourage more people to burn fossil fuels.
D. To win time to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
( )2. What are researchers worried about in terms of global warming?
A. More volcanoes will throw out.
B. More solar energy will go into space.
C. There will be more disasters in the future of the world.
D. People will stop burning fossil fuels to keep warm.
( )3. What can we infer from Douglas' words in an interview?
A. More research remains to be done as much is still unclear.
B. He is optimistic about the result of cooling the earth.
C. He is worried about the reduction in agriculture production.
D. He disagrees with the practice of solar geoengineering.
( )4. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. The Benefits of Solar Geoengineering for Agriculture
B. How Volcanic Eruptions Can Help Cool the Planet
C. Solar Geoengineering: A Possible Solution with Risks
D. Why Burning Fossil Fuels Must Be Stopped Immediately
1.
2.
3.
4.
| 题目 | 体裁 | 字数 | 难度 | 建议用时 | 实际用时 | 正确率 |
| 灾难性的天气 | 说明文 | 325 | ★★★★★ | 8分钟 | ____分钟 | ____/4 |
As the effects of climate change become more disastrous, well-known research institutions(机构) are focusing new money and attention on an idea: artificially(人工地) cooling the planet, in the hopes of buying humans more time to cut greenhouse gas emissions(排放).
That strategy, called solar geoengineering, includes reflecting more of the sun's energy back into space—reducing global temperatures in a way that is similar to the effects of ash clouds flowing out from the volcanic eruptions(火山喷发). The idea has been considered as a dangerous solution, as researchers on global warming worry that it would encourage people to keep burning fossil fuels (化石燃料) while bringing unexpected and harmful side effects to the planet, producing more hurricanes, wildfires, floods and other disasters.
But as global warming continues, some researchers and policy experts say that worries about geoengineering should be outweighed by the great need to better understand it, in case climate change becomes so terrible that the world can't wait for better solutions.
By solar geoengineering, one way to cool the earth is to put aerosols(气溶胶) into the upper part of the atmosphere, where the aerosols reflect sunlight away from the earth. That process works, according to Douglas MacMartin, a researcher at Cornell University.
"We know with 100% certainty that we can cool the planet," he said in an interview. "What's still unclear," he added, "is what happens next." Temperature, MacMartin said, is seen as a sign of climate effects. "What does it do to the strength of hurricanes?" he asked. "What does it do to agriculture production? What does it do to the risk of forest fires?"
Another institution supported by the National Science Foundation will study hundreds of similar processes of aerosol injection, testing the effects on weather extremes around the world. One goal of the research is to look for a sweet spot: the amount of artificial cooling that can reduce extreme weather events without causing broader changes in regional rainfall patterns or similar impacts.
( )1. Why do researchers work on cooling the earth?
A. To create volcanic eruptions.
B. To prevent natural disasters.
C. To encourage more people to burn fossil fuels.
D. To win time to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
( )2. What are researchers worried about in terms of global warming?
A. More volcanoes will throw out.
B. More solar energy will go into space.
C. There will be more disasters in the future of the world.
D. People will stop burning fossil fuels to keep warm.
( )3. What can we infer from Douglas' words in an interview?
A. More research remains to be done as much is still unclear.
B. He is optimistic about the result of cooling the earth.
C. He is worried about the reduction in agriculture production.
D. He disagrees with the practice of solar geoengineering.
( )4. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. The Benefits of Solar Geoengineering for Agriculture
B. How Volcanic Eruptions Can Help Cool the Planet
C. Solar Geoengineering: A Possible Solution with Risks
D. Why Burning Fossil Fuels Must Be Stopped Immediately
1.
D
2.
C
3.
A
4.
C
答案
【解析】：本题主要考查了阅读理解的能力，包括细节理解、推理判断以及主旨大意等。题目围绕“地球冷却计划（solar geoengineering）”这一主题展开，通过阅读文章，需要理解并回答相关问题。
1. 第一题考查研究者进行地球冷却计划的目的。通过阅读文章第一段，可以明确答案为D，即为了赢得时间减少温室气体排放。
2. 第二题考查研究者对全球变暖的担忧。根据文章第二段，研究者担心人工冷却地球会带来不可预测且有害的副作用，导致更多的飓风、野火、洪水等灾害。因此，答案为C，即世界上未来会有更多的灾害。
3. 第三题是一道推理判断题，需要根据Douglas在采访中的话进行推断。Douglas表示，虽然可以确定能够冷却地球，但接下来会发生什么仍不清楚。因此，可以推断出仍有许多研究需要进行，答案为A。
4. 第四题要求选择文章的最佳标题。文章主要讨论了地球冷却计划这一可能的解决方案及其风险，因此最佳标题为C，即“Solar Geoengineering: A Possible Solution with Risks”。
【答案】：
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. C
1. 第一题考查研究者进行地球冷却计划的目的。通过阅读文章第一段，可以明确答案为D，即为了赢得时间减少温室气体排放。
2. 第二题考查研究者对全球变暖的担忧。根据文章第二段，研究者担心人工冷却地球会带来不可预测且有害的副作用，导致更多的飓风、野火、洪水等灾害。因此，答案为C，即世界上未来会有更多的灾害。
3. 第三题是一道推理判断题，需要根据Douglas在采访中的话进行推断。Douglas表示，虽然可以确定能够冷却地球，但接下来会发生什么仍不清楚。因此，可以推断出仍有许多研究需要进行，答案为A。
4. 第四题要求选择文章的最佳标题。文章主要讨论了地球冷却计划这一可能的解决方案及其风险，因此最佳标题为C，即“Solar Geoengineering: A Possible Solution with Risks”。
【答案】：
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. C
