3 Read the passage. 阅读短文。
Many great inventions start with a simple idea and come about by accident. They often change the way we live. Some make our jobs easier, while others fulfill (满足) a need or solve a problem.
The American scientist Percy Spencer was studying radar (雷达) technology during World War II. One day in 1945, he was testing a machine. To his surprise, he noticed that the chocolate in his pocket melted. Curious about the cause, he did a test. He put some corn in the machine. It became popcorn! After further testing, he realised it was a new way to cook — he invented the microwave oven! This invention made cooking much quicker.

The Swiss engineer George de Mestral got the idea for Velcro after a walk with his dog in the woods in 1941. When they returned home, he found that both his clothes and his dog were covered with seed pods (种子荚), which were really hard to get rid of. After a careful check, he discovered that these pods had many little hooks. The hooks could stick to looped (有环的) materials like clothing or animal fur (皮毛). This discovery led to the invention of Velcro in 1948. It's now used in shoes and clothes and helps people who have difficulty with zippers and buttons. You can even find it in space exploration.

3 - 1 Decide whether the following statements describe Percy Spencer (P), George de Mestral (G) or both (P, G). 判断下列句子的描述对象是哪位发明家，Percy Spencer 用“P”表示，George de Mestral 用“G”表示。
(1) He had a dog.
(2) He was interested in radar technology.
(3) The idea of his invention was from a plant.
(4) His invention is used in space exploration.
(5) His invention came out in the 1940s.
(6) His invention brings convenience to people's lives.
3 - 2 Choose the best answer. 选择最恰当的答案。
(1) What was the turning point of Percy Spencer's invention?
A. He studied radar technology during World War II.
B. When he tested a machine, the chocolate in his pocket melted.
C. He put some corn in the machine and produced popcorn.
D. He did tests with eggs and invented the microwave oven.
(2) Which picture shows George de Mestral's invention?

A.
B.
C.
D.
(3) Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. The hooks helped seed pods hold tightly to the ground.
B. Both inventors were responsible at work and liked thinking.
C. The idea for an invention can come about by accident.
D. Zippers and buttons are not as useful as Velcro.

3-1:
(1) G
(2) P
(3) G
(4) G
(5) P, G
(6) P, G
3-2:
(1) B
(2) D
(3) C

3-1:
(1) 根据短文，George de Mestral在和狗散步后得到灵感，因此有狗的是George de Mestral，答案为G。
(2) Percy Spencer在研究雷达技术时发现巧克力融化，进而发明微波炉，因此答案为P。
(3) George de Mestral的发明灵感来自植物种子荚，因此答案为G。
(4) 短文提到Velcro用于太空探索，因此答案为G。
(5) Percy Spencer在20世纪40年代发明微波炉，George de Mestral在1948年发明尼龙搭扣，因此答案为P, G。
(6) 两项发明都为人们的生活带来便利，因此答案为P, G。
3-2:
(1) 短文提到Percy Spencer在测试机器时口袋里的巧克力融化是他发明的转折点，因此答案为B。
(2) George de Mestral的发明是Velcro，即尼龙搭扣，因此答案为D。
(3) 短文提到许多伟大发明都是偶然产生的，因此答案为C。