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六、信息还原。
阅读短文，从短文后所给的A～F六个选项中选出五个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Napoga is a 12 - year - old girl in Ghana (加纳), Africa. It is hard for her family to get clean water. Every morning, she leaves home at half past five to get clean water for her family in a village far away. 1 She has no time to go to school or to play with her friends. Millions of people in the world are facing the problem of water shortage like Napoga. They can't get enough clean water to keep healthy.
Earth Day is on 22 April. 2 The water we use is the most important natural resource on earth. Water covers about 70% of the earth's surface. 3 We can't use it for many things. Fresh water covers only a little of the earth's surface.
4 But that doesn't mean you don't have to worry about water. We all face serious water problems. One of them is water pollution. Many kinds of things from cars, factories, farms and homes make our rivers, lakes and oceans dirty.
Polluted water is very bad for people's health. 5 Now, many fish are dying out.
Scientists say that in 30 years, more than half of the people in the world won't have enough clean water. We have to learn how to save more water for ourselves and our children.
A. And dirty water is bad for fish too.
B. Unfortunately, most of that is sea water.
C. Pollution has led to serious problems of water shortage.
D. But we should carry its spirit all year round.
E. You probably feel lucky that your life isn't as hard as Napoga's.
F. It takes her six hours to get enough clean water for daily cooking and drinking.
1.
阅读短文，从短文后所给的A～F六个选项中选出五个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Napoga is a 12 - year - old girl in Ghana (加纳), Africa. It is hard for her family to get clean water. Every morning, she leaves home at half past five to get clean water for her family in a village far away. 1 She has no time to go to school or to play with her friends. Millions of people in the world are facing the problem of water shortage like Napoga. They can't get enough clean water to keep healthy.
Earth Day is on 22 April. 2 The water we use is the most important natural resource on earth. Water covers about 70% of the earth's surface. 3 We can't use it for many things. Fresh water covers only a little of the earth's surface.
4 But that doesn't mean you don't have to worry about water. We all face serious water problems. One of them is water pollution. Many kinds of things from cars, factories, farms and homes make our rivers, lakes and oceans dirty.
Polluted water is very bad for people's health. 5 Now, many fish are dying out.
Scientists say that in 30 years, more than half of the people in the world won't have enough clean water. We have to learn how to save more water for ourselves and our children.
A. And dirty water is bad for fish too.
B. Unfortunately, most of that is sea water.
C. Pollution has led to serious problems of water shortage.
D. But we should carry its spirit all year round.
E. You probably feel lucky that your life isn't as hard as Napoga's.
F. It takes her six hours to get enough clean water for daily cooking and drinking.
1.
F
2. D
3. B
4. E
5. A
答案
1. F 2. D 3. B 4. E 5. A
解析
【分析】
做这类信息还原题，首先要通读全文，明确本文核心主题是介绍全球水资源短缺现状、科普水资源相关常识、呼吁大众节约用水。接下来逐空结合上下文的逻辑线索匹配选项：
1. 第1空前文描述Napoga每天很早出门去很远的村子打水，后文说她没有时间上学和玩耍，需要补充说明打水耗费的时长，才能顺理成章推出她没时间做其他事的结果。
2. 第2空前文提到地球日的日期，后文转而介绍水资源是最重要的自然资源，需要一个过渡句承接地球日的相关内容，自然引出下文对水资源的科普。
3. 第3空前文说地球表面70%被水覆盖，后文说这类水我们没法大量使用、淡水占比极低，需要解释为什么水的覆盖占比这么高却还缺水的原因。
4. 第4空后文出现转折词but，说明“这不代表你不需要担心水资源问题”，前文要铺垫出“你觉得自己水资源条件很好”的语境，才能形成合理转折。
5. 第5空前文说污水对人体健康有害，后文提到很多鱼类正在灭绝，需要衔接污水对鱼类的危害，形成前后呼应。
【解析】
1. 空1：前文讲Napoga早起长途打水，后文讲她没有空余时间，F选项“她要花6个小时才能获取足够日常烹饪和饮用的干净水”完美衔接前后逻辑，解释了她没时间上学玩耍的原因，符合语境。
2. 空2：前文点明地球日是4月22日，D选项“但我们应该全年践行它的精神”承接地球日的主题，自然引出下文对核心自然资源水的介绍，过渡通顺。
3. 空3：前文说水覆盖地球70%表面，后文说我们无法大量使用这类水、淡水占比极低，B选项“不幸的是，其中大部分是海水”解释了高水覆盖占比却缺水的原因，逻辑连贯。
4. 空4：后文转折说你依然需要担忧水资源问题，E选项“你可能觉得自己的生活不像Napoga那样艰难，为此感到幸运”铺垫了转折前的语境，衔接自然。
5. 空5：前文讲污水危害人体健康，后文讲大量鱼类灭绝，A选项“并且脏水对鱼类也有害”承上启下，对应后文鱼类死亡的内容，符合行文逻辑。
【答案】1.F 2.D 3.B 4.E 5.A
【知识点】英语信息还原、上下文逻辑衔接、水资源主题阅读
【点评】本题是典型的初中英语信息还原题型，重点考察学生对语篇上下文逻辑关系的把握，不需要过难的词汇储备，只要抓住前后句的线索、转折/递进关系就能顺利匹配选项，同时还能让学生了解水资源短缺的相关科普知识。
【难度系数】0.7
做这类信息还原题，首先要通读全文，明确本文核心主题是介绍全球水资源短缺现状、科普水资源相关常识、呼吁大众节约用水。接下来逐空结合上下文的逻辑线索匹配选项：
1. 第1空前文描述Napoga每天很早出门去很远的村子打水，后文说她没有时间上学和玩耍，需要补充说明打水耗费的时长，才能顺理成章推出她没时间做其他事的结果。
2. 第2空前文提到地球日的日期，后文转而介绍水资源是最重要的自然资源，需要一个过渡句承接地球日的相关内容，自然引出下文对水资源的科普。
3. 第3空前文说地球表面70%被水覆盖，后文说这类水我们没法大量使用、淡水占比极低，需要解释为什么水的覆盖占比这么高却还缺水的原因。
4. 第4空后文出现转折词but，说明“这不代表你不需要担心水资源问题”，前文要铺垫出“你觉得自己水资源条件很好”的语境，才能形成合理转折。
5. 第5空前文说污水对人体健康有害，后文提到很多鱼类正在灭绝，需要衔接污水对鱼类的危害，形成前后呼应。
【解析】
1. 空1：前文讲Napoga早起长途打水，后文讲她没有空余时间，F选项“她要花6个小时才能获取足够日常烹饪和饮用的干净水”完美衔接前后逻辑，解释了她没时间上学玩耍的原因，符合语境。
2. 空2：前文点明地球日是4月22日，D选项“但我们应该全年践行它的精神”承接地球日的主题，自然引出下文对核心自然资源水的介绍，过渡通顺。
3. 空3：前文说水覆盖地球70%表面，后文说我们无法大量使用这类水、淡水占比极低，B选项“不幸的是，其中大部分是海水”解释了高水覆盖占比却缺水的原因，逻辑连贯。
4. 空4：后文转折说你依然需要担忧水资源问题，E选项“你可能觉得自己的生活不像Napoga那样艰难，为此感到幸运”铺垫了转折前的语境，衔接自然。
5. 空5：前文讲污水危害人体健康，后文讲大量鱼类灭绝，A选项“并且脏水对鱼类也有害”承上启下，对应后文鱼类死亡的内容，符合行文逻辑。
【答案】1.F 2.D 3.B 4.E 5.A
【知识点】英语信息还原、上下文逻辑衔接、水资源主题阅读
【点评】本题是典型的初中英语信息还原题型，重点考察学生对语篇上下文逻辑关系的把握，不需要过难的词汇储备，只要抓住前后句的线索、转折/递进关系就能顺利匹配选项，同时还能让学生了解水资源短缺的相关科普知识。
【难度系数】0.7
