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四、按要求改写句子。
1.(2025·上海市闵行区模拟)The government will organize an activity to encourage green energy use.(改为被动语态)
An activity will
2. My parents give me a birthday present every year.(改为被动语态)
A birthday present
3. Our school sports meeting is going to take place next week.(同义句转换)
Our school sports meeting
4. The fashion show will be held in the school hall.(对画线部分提问)
1.(2025·上海市闵行区模拟)The government will organize an activity to encourage green energy use.(改为被动语态)
An activity will
be
organized
by the government to encourage green energy use.2. My parents give me a birthday present every year.(改为被动语态)
A birthday present
is
given
to
me by my parents every year.3. Our school sports meeting is going to take place next week.(同义句转换)
Our school sports meeting
is
going
to
be
held
next week.4. The fashion show will be held in the school hall.(对画线部分提问)
Where
will
the fashion show be
held
?答案
四、1. be organized 2. is given to 3. is going to be held 4. Where will；be held
解析
【分析】
这是英语句型转换专项题，核心考察被动语态相关用法，解题可以按不同题目的要求逐一推导：1. 前两道主动改被动的题，先判断原句的时态，回忆对应时态的被动语态固定结构，替换动词形式即可；2. 第三道同义转换题，找到和句中take place（举办）语义匹配的hold的被动形式，保留原句的be going to将来结构即可；3. 第四道对地点状语提问的题，先选地点类疑问词where，再把原句的将来时被动结构调整为特殊疑问句语序，将助动词will提前即可。解题过程要注意双宾语被动结构的介词不能遗漏，被动语态的be动词不能漏写。
【解析】
1. 原句为一般将来时的主动语态，主动结构是will+动词原形，对应的一般将来时被动语态结构为will be + 动词过去分词，organize的过去分词为organized，因此填入be organized。
2. 原句为一般现在时的主动语态，属于give sb sth的双宾语结构，当直接宾语A birthday present作被动句主语时，要使用一般现在时被动结构：am/is/are+动词过去分词，主语为单数，be动词选is，give的过去分词为given，需要补充介词to引出间接宾语me，因此填入is given to。
3. 原句中take place此处表示“举办（运动会）”，同义替换可使用动词hold的被动形式，原句保留be going to的将来结构，后面接be+hold的过去分词held，主语school sports meeting是单数，be动词用is，因此填入is going to be held。
4. 画线部分in the school hall是地点状语，对地点提问要用特殊疑问词Where；原句是一般将来时的被动语态will be held，变为特殊疑问句时需要把助动词will提前到主语the fashion show之前，后续保留be held结构，因此依次填入Where will和be held。
【答案】
1. be organized 2. is given to 3. is going to be held 4. Where will；be held
【知识点】
被动语态，句型转换，特殊疑问句
【点评】
本题覆盖了初中英语句型转换的核心考点，包含不同时态的被动语态变形、双宾语特殊结构的被动改写、地点类特殊疑问句转换，整体偏向基础，易错点集中在被动结构漏写be动词、双宾语被动遗漏介词to，学生解题时先明确对应时态的被动结构，再结合题目要求调整语序就可以顺利得分。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是英语句型转换专项题，核心考察被动语态相关用法，解题可以按不同题目的要求逐一推导：1. 前两道主动改被动的题，先判断原句的时态，回忆对应时态的被动语态固定结构，替换动词形式即可；2. 第三道同义转换题，找到和句中take place（举办）语义匹配的hold的被动形式，保留原句的be going to将来结构即可；3. 第四道对地点状语提问的题，先选地点类疑问词where，再把原句的将来时被动结构调整为特殊疑问句语序，将助动词will提前即可。解题过程要注意双宾语被动结构的介词不能遗漏，被动语态的be动词不能漏写。
【解析】
1. 原句为一般将来时的主动语态，主动结构是will+动词原形，对应的一般将来时被动语态结构为will be + 动词过去分词，organize的过去分词为organized，因此填入be organized。
2. 原句为一般现在时的主动语态，属于give sb sth的双宾语结构，当直接宾语A birthday present作被动句主语时，要使用一般现在时被动结构：am/is/are+动词过去分词，主语为单数，be动词选is，give的过去分词为given，需要补充介词to引出间接宾语me，因此填入is given to。
3. 原句中take place此处表示“举办（运动会）”，同义替换可使用动词hold的被动形式，原句保留be going to的将来结构，后面接be+hold的过去分词held，主语school sports meeting是单数，be动词用is，因此填入is going to be held。
4. 画线部分in the school hall是地点状语，对地点提问要用特殊疑问词Where；原句是一般将来时的被动语态will be held，变为特殊疑问句时需要把助动词will提前到主语the fashion show之前，后续保留be held结构，因此依次填入Where will和be held。
【答案】
1. be organized 2. is given to 3. is going to be held 4. Where will；be held
【知识点】
被动语态，句型转换，特殊疑问句
【点评】
本题覆盖了初中英语句型转换的核心考点，包含不同时态的被动语态变形、双宾语特殊结构的被动改写、地点类特殊疑问句转换，整体偏向基础，易错点集中在被动结构漏写be动词、双宾语被动遗漏介词to，学生解题时先明确对应时态的被动结构，再结合题目要求调整语序就可以顺利得分。
【难度系数】
0.7
五、语法填空。
Dear neighbours,
We are writing this letter to you because our school has started a club.
It 1.
It works to have an effect on 2.
Here are some interesting facts that our group has 3.
☆ Most things that we throw away can be used again or recycled.
☆ So many cities in our country, such 4.
☆ 90% of people in the country would like to recycle waste things which can be used in other useful ways to protect the environment.
We think that most people would agree with the following 5.
☆ We need to recycle our waste, and we shouldn't 6.
☆ It is 7.
One of 8.
We hope that you will agree to this. If you do, please e - mail 10.
Yours,
Wang Li
Dear neighbours,
We are writing this letter to you because our school has started a club.
It 1.
is called
(call)“Protect the Environment”.It works to have an effect on 2.
protecting
(protect)the environment in our daily life.Here are some interesting facts that our group has 3.
learned/learnt
(learn).☆ Most things that we throw away can be used again or recycled.
☆ So many cities in our country, such 4.
as
Shanghai, have already recycled most of their waste.☆ 90% of people in the country would like to recycle waste things which can be used in other useful ways to protect the environment.
We think that most people would agree with the following 5.
ideas
(idea).☆ We need to recycle our waste, and we shouldn't 6.
use
(use)up the world's resources.☆ It is 7.
better
(good)to recycle our waste than to burn it or throw it into the sea.One of 8.
the
best things our group can do is collect the recyclable waste. We will sell the waste to recycling factories and give the money to people 9. in
need. We would like you to bring your recyclable waste to school. But if you don't have time, we will collect it from you once a week.We hope that you will agree to this. If you do, please e - mail 10.
us
(we)at environmental - protect@mail.com.Yours,
Wang Li
答案
五、1. is called 2. protecting 3. learned/learnt 4. as 5. ideas 6. use 7. better 8. the 9. in 10. us
解析
【分析】
做这道语法填空首先要通读全文，明确这是一封面向邻居的环保俱乐部倡议信，掌握整体语境后分两类解题：① 给出提示词的空，先判断句子结构，结合时态、词性搭配规则变形；② 无提示词的空，优先考虑固定搭配、冠词/介词等虚词的使用，逐个推导就能得出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 主语It指代前文的俱乐部，和动词call是被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，一般现在时被动结构为is+过去分词，因此填is called。
2. 空前是介词on，介词后接动词需要用动名词形式，因此protect变为protecting。
3. 本句是现在完成时，结构为have+动词过去分词，learn的过去分词有两种形式learned/learnt。
4. 此处是固定搭配such as，意为“例如”，用于举例，因此填as。
5. 后文列出了不止一条想法，可数名词idea要变为复数形式ideas。
6. 空前是情态动词否定式shouldn't，情态动词后必须接动词原形，因此填use。
7. 空后有比较级标志词than，形容词good要变为比较级better。
8. 空后是形容词最高级best，形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，构成one of the+最高级结构，因此填the。
9. 此处是固定短语in need，意为“有需要的”，作后置定语修饰people，因此填in。
10. 空前是及物动词e-mail，动词后要接人称代词宾格作宾语，we的宾格是us。
【答案】
1. is called 2. protecting 3. learned/learnt 4. as 5. ideas 6. use 7. better 8. the 9. in 10. us
【知识点】
动词时态语态，词形转换，固定短语
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的应用文类语法填空，考点全部覆盖初中核心语法点，大部分空都有明确的解题提示，既考察学生对基础规则的掌握，也考察对固定搭配的积累，适合巩固基础语法知识。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这道语法填空首先要通读全文，明确这是一封面向邻居的环保俱乐部倡议信，掌握整体语境后分两类解题：① 给出提示词的空，先判断句子结构，结合时态、词性搭配规则变形；② 无提示词的空，优先考虑固定搭配、冠词/介词等虚词的使用，逐个推导就能得出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 主语It指代前文的俱乐部，和动词call是被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，一般现在时被动结构为is+过去分词，因此填is called。
2. 空前是介词on，介词后接动词需要用动名词形式，因此protect变为protecting。
3. 本句是现在完成时，结构为have+动词过去分词，learn的过去分词有两种形式learned/learnt。
4. 此处是固定搭配such as，意为“例如”，用于举例，因此填as。
5. 后文列出了不止一条想法，可数名词idea要变为复数形式ideas。
6. 空前是情态动词否定式shouldn't，情态动词后必须接动词原形，因此填use。
7. 空后有比较级标志词than，形容词good要变为比较级better。
8. 空后是形容词最高级best，形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，构成one of the+最高级结构，因此填the。
9. 此处是固定短语in need，意为“有需要的”，作后置定语修饰people，因此填in。
10. 空前是及物动词e-mail，动词后要接人称代词宾格作宾语，we的宾格是us。
【答案】
1. is called 2. protecting 3. learned/learnt 4. as 5. ideas 6. use 7. better 8. the 9. in 10. us
【知识点】
动词时态语态，词形转换，固定短语
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的应用文类语法填空，考点全部覆盖初中核心语法点，大部分空都有明确的解题提示，既考察学生对基础规则的掌握，也考察对固定搭配的积累，适合巩固基础语法知识。
【难度系数】
0.7
六、[热点素材](2025·原创)阅读理解。
《碳达峰碳中和的中国行动》白皮书
A white paper says China has made great progress in changing to green and low - carbon energy. This is because the country has taken strong steps to use more renewable energy instead of fossil fuels and develop a new energy and power system.
The white paper is called “Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality China's Plans and Solutions”. It was released on Saturday by China's State Council Information Office. The paper says China has developed new energy on the largest scale and at the fastest speed in the world. Also, the part of non - fossil energy in total energy use went up from 16.0% in 2020 to 19.8% in 2024.
By the end of August 2025, the installed capacity of wind and solar power had gone over 1,690 GW. That's three times as much as it was in 2020, and it makes up about 80 percent of the newly installed power generation capacity since 2020. At the same time, according to the document, China's regular hydropower capacity was around 380 GW, and the capacity of pumped - storage hydropower stations was about 62.37 GW.
By the end of August 2025, China had 112 nuclear power units. Some are working now, some are being built, and some have been approved to be built. Their total capacity is 125 GW, which is the largest in the world. At the same time, the capacity of biomass power generation had hit 46.88 GW.
The document said that by the end of 2024, China was the world leader in the annual production capacity of green hydrogen energy, with more than 150,000 tonnes.
China has also speeded up the clean and efficient use of fossil energy. It has tried to make the power system better at adjusting by improving its reliability. All these efforts are to reach the goals: peaking carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060.
According to the State Council Information Office, 2025 is the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement. This white paper was published to show China's main achievements in working towards peak carbon and carbon neutrality over the past five years. It also shares China's ways, actions and experience in this area.
1. Why has China made great progress in green and low - carbon energy?
A. It has used more fossil fuels than before.
B. It has taken effective measures to develop new energy.
C. It has built more power stations in big cities.
D. It has learned experience from other countries.
2. The underlined words “was released” in Paragraph 2 probably mean “
A. sold out
B. came out
C. was written
D. was translated
3. 创新考法·跨学科考查 What was the capacity of wind and solar power in China in 2020?
A. About 563 GW.
B. Over 1,690 GW.
C. Around 380 GW.
D. About 62.37 GW.
4. Why was the white paper published?
A. To introduce the Paris Agreement to the public.
B. To ask other countries to follow China's energy policy.
C. To explain how to build hydropower stations.
D. To show China's achievements in low - carbon development.
《碳达峰碳中和的中国行动》白皮书
A white paper says China has made great progress in changing to green and low - carbon energy. This is because the country has taken strong steps to use more renewable energy instead of fossil fuels and develop a new energy and power system.
The white paper is called “Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality China's Plans and Solutions”. It was released on Saturday by China's State Council Information Office. The paper says China has developed new energy on the largest scale and at the fastest speed in the world. Also, the part of non - fossil energy in total energy use went up from 16.0% in 2020 to 19.8% in 2024.
By the end of August 2025, the installed capacity of wind and solar power had gone over 1,690 GW. That's three times as much as it was in 2020, and it makes up about 80 percent of the newly installed power generation capacity since 2020. At the same time, according to the document, China's regular hydropower capacity was around 380 GW, and the capacity of pumped - storage hydropower stations was about 62.37 GW.
By the end of August 2025, China had 112 nuclear power units. Some are working now, some are being built, and some have been approved to be built. Their total capacity is 125 GW, which is the largest in the world. At the same time, the capacity of biomass power generation had hit 46.88 GW.
The document said that by the end of 2024, China was the world leader in the annual production capacity of green hydrogen energy, with more than 150,000 tonnes.
China has also speeded up the clean and efficient use of fossil energy. It has tried to make the power system better at adjusting by improving its reliability. All these efforts are to reach the goals: peaking carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060.
According to the State Council Information Office, 2025 is the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement. This white paper was published to show China's main achievements in working towards peak carbon and carbon neutrality over the past five years. It also shares China's ways, actions and experience in this area.
1. Why has China made great progress in green and low - carbon energy?
A. It has used more fossil fuels than before.
B. It has taken effective measures to develop new energy.
C. It has built more power stations in big cities.
D. It has learned experience from other countries.
2. The underlined words “was released” in Paragraph 2 probably mean “
B
”.A. sold out
B. came out
C. was written
D. was translated
3. 创新考法·跨学科考查 What was the capacity of wind and solar power in China in 2020?
A. About 563 GW.
B. Over 1,690 GW.
C. Around 380 GW.
D. About 62.37 GW.
4. Why was the white paper published?
A. To introduce the Paris Agreement to the public.
B. To ask other countries to follow China's energy policy.
C. To explain how to build hydropower stations.
D. To show China's achievements in low - carbon development.
答案
六、1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段中 the country has taken strong steps to use more renewable energy instead of fossil fuels and develop a new energy and power system 可知，中国取得进步的原因是采取了发展新能源的有效措施。
2. B 词义猜测题。根据文章内容可知，这份白皮于周六由中国国务院新闻办公室发布。come out 意为“出版，发行”，与 release 意思相近。
3. A 推理判断题。根据第三段中“By the end of August 2025, the installed capacity of wind and solar power had gone over 1,690 GW. That's three times as much as it was in 2020”，通过计算 1690÷3≈563 可知，2020 年风电和太阳能发电容量约为 563 吉瓦。
4. D 推理判断题。最后一段指出“This white paper was published to show China's main achievements in working towards peak carbon and carbon neutrality over the past five years.”，说明白皮书发布的目的是展示中国在低碳发展方面的成就。
2. B 词义猜测题。根据文章内容可知，这份白皮于周六由中国国务院新闻办公室发布。come out 意为“出版，发行”，与 release 意思相近。
3. A 推理判断题。根据第三段中“By the end of August 2025, the installed capacity of wind and solar power had gone over 1,690 GW. That's three times as much as it was in 2020”，通过计算 1690÷3≈563 可知，2020 年风电和太阳能发电容量约为 563 吉瓦。
4. D 推理判断题。最后一段指出“This white paper was published to show China's main achievements in working towards peak carbon and carbon neutrality over the past five years.”，说明白皮书发布的目的是展示中国在低碳发展方面的成就。
解析
【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，首先可以先标记每道题干的核心定位关键词，带着问题回到原文对应段落查找信息：第1题询问中国低碳能源取得进步的原因，直接定位文章第一段找因果句；第2题猜测短语含义，结合划线短语所在句的主体（国务院新闻办）和对象（白皮书）的逻辑关系推导词义；第3题是跨学科计算题，找到对应两个年份的容量倍数关系，做简单除法运算即可得到结果；第4题询问白皮书发布目的，直接定位文章末尾的说明句，同时逐一排除和原文内容不符的错误选项，就能选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第一段原文"the country has taken strong steps to use more renewable energy instead of fossil fuels and develop a new energy and power system"可知，中国取得进步的原因是采取了发展新能源的有效措施。A选项“使用比之前更多的化石燃料”和原文表述完全相反，C选项“在大城市修建更多电站”原文无提及，D选项“学习其他国家经验”原文没有相关内容，因此选B。
2. 第2题：划线短语所在句含义为“这份白皮书由国务院新闻办在周六______”，结合常识可知白皮书是官方发布的公开文件。A选项“售罄”不符合语境，C选项“被书写”不是发布白皮书的最终动作，D选项“被翻译”和语境无关，B选项"came out"意为“出版、发布”，完全匹配短语含义，因此选B。
3. 第3题：根据第三段原文"By the end of August 2025, the installed capacity of wind and solar power had gone over 1,690 GW. That's three times as much as it was in 2020"，计算可得1690÷3≈563GW，对应2020年的风光装机容量。B是2025年的数值，C是常规水电容量，D是抽水蓄能电站容量，均不符合要求，因此选A。
4. 第4题：根据最后一段原文"This white paper was published to show China's main achievements in working towards peak carbon and carbon neutrality over the past five years"可知，发布白皮书的目的是展示中国低碳发展的相关成就。A选项“介绍巴黎协定”、B选项“要求其他国家效仿中国政策”、C选项“讲解修建水电站的方法”均和原文表述不符，因此选D。
【答案】
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位；词义猜测；阅读数字计算
【点评】
本篇阅读结合双碳热点设置题目，还加入了跨学科的简单数学计算考点，既考察常规英语阅读的信息查找、词义推导能力，也引导学生关注国家绿色能源发展的相关时政内容，只要准确定位原文信息、区分不同数据对应的描述对象，就可以轻松选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这篇阅读理解时，首先可以先标记每道题干的核心定位关键词，带着问题回到原文对应段落查找信息：第1题询问中国低碳能源取得进步的原因，直接定位文章第一段找因果句；第2题猜测短语含义，结合划线短语所在句的主体（国务院新闻办）和对象（白皮书）的逻辑关系推导词义；第3题是跨学科计算题，找到对应两个年份的容量倍数关系，做简单除法运算即可得到结果；第4题询问白皮书发布目的，直接定位文章末尾的说明句，同时逐一排除和原文内容不符的错误选项，就能选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第一段原文"the country has taken strong steps to use more renewable energy instead of fossil fuels and develop a new energy and power system"可知，中国取得进步的原因是采取了发展新能源的有效措施。A选项“使用比之前更多的化石燃料”和原文表述完全相反，C选项“在大城市修建更多电站”原文无提及，D选项“学习其他国家经验”原文没有相关内容，因此选B。
2. 第2题：划线短语所在句含义为“这份白皮书由国务院新闻办在周六______”，结合常识可知白皮书是官方发布的公开文件。A选项“售罄”不符合语境，C选项“被书写”不是发布白皮书的最终动作，D选项“被翻译”和语境无关，B选项"came out"意为“出版、发布”，完全匹配短语含义，因此选B。
3. 第3题：根据第三段原文"By the end of August 2025, the installed capacity of wind and solar power had gone over 1,690 GW. That's three times as much as it was in 2020"，计算可得1690÷3≈563GW，对应2020年的风光装机容量。B是2025年的数值，C是常规水电容量，D是抽水蓄能电站容量，均不符合要求，因此选A。
4. 第4题：根据最后一段原文"This white paper was published to show China's main achievements in working towards peak carbon and carbon neutrality over the past five years"可知，发布白皮书的目的是展示中国低碳发展的相关成就。A选项“介绍巴黎协定”、B选项“要求其他国家效仿中国政策”、C选项“讲解修建水电站的方法”均和原文表述不符，因此选D。
【答案】
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位；词义猜测；阅读数字计算
【点评】
本篇阅读结合双碳热点设置题目，还加入了跨学科的简单数学计算考点，既考察常规英语阅读的信息查找、词义推导能力，也引导学生关注国家绿色能源发展的相关时政内容，只要准确定位原文信息、区分不同数据对应的描述对象，就可以轻松选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7
