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二、阅读理解(每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)
A
In recent years, people around the world have been experiencing the hottest weather ever recorded(记录). In some places, the weather has been so hot that it's been dangerous. This extreme(极端的) weather is caused by climate(气候) change.
In the northern part of the world, summer begins in late June. June 2023 was the hottest June ever recorded. From the United States, to Europe, to Africa, and to Asia, huge numbers of people dealt with extremely high temperatures(温度).
In the US, places like Arizona, California and Texas all faced unusually high temperatures. Europe was hit by two heat waves in a row. Many European countries, especially Greece, Italy, and Spain, also felt the high heat. China faced unbelievably high temperatures as well. The capital, Beijing, had seen temperatures above 40℃. The Xinjiang area of China had set a new record by hitting 52℃.
The heat was not just influencing(影响) the land. The water temperature of Florida's south coast had gone above 32℃. The unusually high ocean temperature can be even more harmful to sea life than to humans.
Scientists have long predicted that heat waves would grow more common(普遍的) as a result of global warming. That's surely part of what's going on now. The scientists also warn that unless(除非) people start to take action, things will certainly get worse.
(
A. Health and sports.
B. Weather and environment(环境).
C. Science and technology(科技).
D. History and culture.
(
A. Many countries faced high temperatures in 2023.
B. In 2023, the temperature in Beijing reached 52℃.
C. High temperatures can be more harmful to humans than to sea life.
D. The scientists didn't know why the heat waves grew so common.
(
(
A. The Newest Temperature Record
B. High Heat Around the World
C. Results of Extreme Weather
D. Reasons for Global Warming
(
A. How to deal with global warming.
B. Different kinds of extreme weather.
C. The temperature records in the past.
D. The heat that harms the environment.
A
In recent years, people around the world have been experiencing the hottest weather ever recorded(记录). In some places, the weather has been so hot that it's been dangerous. This extreme(极端的) weather is caused by climate(气候) change.
In the northern part of the world, summer begins in late June. June 2023 was the hottest June ever recorded. From the United States, to Europe, to Africa, and to Asia, huge numbers of people dealt with extremely high temperatures(温度).
In the US, places like Arizona, California and Texas all faced unusually high temperatures. Europe was hit by two heat waves in a row. Many European countries, especially Greece, Italy, and Spain, also felt the high heat. China faced unbelievably high temperatures as well. The capital, Beijing, had seen temperatures above 40℃. The Xinjiang area of China had set a new record by hitting 52℃.
The heat was not just influencing(影响) the land. The water temperature of Florida's south coast had gone above 32℃. The unusually high ocean temperature can be even more harmful to sea life than to humans.
Scientists have long predicted that heat waves would grow more common(普遍的) as a result of global warming. That's surely part of what's going on now. The scientists also warn that unless(除非) people start to take action, things will certainly get worse.
(
B
)16. In which part of a newspaper can we read such a passage?A. Health and sports.
B. Weather and environment(环境).
C. Science and technology(科技).
D. History and culture.
(
A
)17. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Many countries faced high temperatures in 2023.
B. In 2023, the temperature in Beijing reached 52℃.
C. High temperatures can be more harmful to humans than to sea life.
D. The scientists didn't know why the heat waves grew so common.
(
D
)18. Which is the structure of this passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2...)(
B
)19. What's the best title for this passage?A. The Newest Temperature Record
B. High Heat Around the World
C. Results of Extreme Weather
D. Reasons for Global Warming
(
A
)20. What might the writer write about in the next paragraph?A. How to deal with global warming.
B. Different kinds of extreme weather.
C. The temperature records in the past.
D. The heat that harms the environment.
答案
16.B 17.A 18.D 19.B 20.A
解析
【分析】
拿到这篇阅读理解，我们可以按题型逐个梳理思路：1. 第16题判断文章所属板块，先抓住全文核心话题是极端高温、气候变化相关的内容，匹配报纸不同板块的定位就能选出答案；2. 第17题是细节判断题，回到原文逐个比对四个选项的表述，排除和原文不符的错误选项即可；3. 第18题分析篇章结构，先逐段概括段落大意：第1段开篇点题引出极端高温的话题，第2、3、4段分别从不同维度介绍全球高温的具体表现，第5段收尾警示要采取行动，属于总-分-总结构，对应匹配选项的结构图；4. 第19题选最佳标题，要排除片面、偏离核心的选项，找到覆盖全文核心内容的表述；5. 第20题推断下文内容，顺着最后一段的结尾逻辑，最后提到要采取行动，自然接下来会讲应对的方法。
【解析】
16. 文章围绕全球极端高温现象、气候变化引发的环境问题展开，对应报纸的天气与环境板块：A选项健康运动、C选项科学技术、D选项历史文化均不符合文章主题，因此选B。
17. 细节逐一核对：
A选项：原文提到美国、欧洲多国、中国等都遭遇极端高温，2023年6月是有记录以来最热的6月，表述符合原文，正确；
B选项：原文提到北京气温超过40℃，新疆创下52℃的新纪录，并非北京达到52℃，表述错误；
C选项：原文明确说明异常海洋温度对海洋生物的伤害远大于对人类的伤害，该选项表述完全相反，错误；
D选项：原文提到科学家早就预测热浪会因全球变暖变得更普遍，并非不清楚热浪频发的原因，表述错误。
因此本题选A。
18. 逐段梳理结构：
第1段（①）：总起全文，点明极端高温是气候变化引发的核心话题；
第2段（②）、第3段（③）、第4段（④）：三个段落并列，分别从北半球高温时间、全球陆地多国高温情况、海洋高温现象三个角度，具体介绍全球高温的实际表现；
第5段（⑤）：总结全文，引用科学家的观点警示大众必须采取行动应对问题。
整体为“总-分-总”结构，对应选项D的图示结构，因此选D。
19. 全文核心围绕近年全球各地出现的极端高温现象展开：A选项仅提到新的温度记录，过于片面；C选项仅聚焦极端天气的结果，没有覆盖全文内容；D选项全球变暖的原因并非文章核心讨论内容，只有B选项“全球范围内的高温”最贴合全文主旨，因此选B。
20. 文章最后一段结尾提到科学家发出警示：除非人们立刻采取行动，否则情况会进一步恶化，按照行文逻辑，接下来最可能介绍应对全球变暖的具体措施，对应A选项，其余选项均不符合结尾的逻辑走向，因此选A。
【答案】
16.B 17.A 18.D 19.B 20.A
【知识点】
细节信息查找，篇章结构分析，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题属于环保热点类说明文阅读，难度梯度设置合理，既考察学生快速定位原文细节的基础能力，也对篇章逻辑梳理、主旨概括、后续内容推断的高阶阅读能力做出考察，同时引导学生关注全球气候问题，贴合英语学科的主题语境育人要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
拿到这篇阅读理解，我们可以按题型逐个梳理思路：1. 第16题判断文章所属板块，先抓住全文核心话题是极端高温、气候变化相关的内容，匹配报纸不同板块的定位就能选出答案；2. 第17题是细节判断题，回到原文逐个比对四个选项的表述，排除和原文不符的错误选项即可；3. 第18题分析篇章结构，先逐段概括段落大意：第1段开篇点题引出极端高温的话题，第2、3、4段分别从不同维度介绍全球高温的具体表现，第5段收尾警示要采取行动，属于总-分-总结构，对应匹配选项的结构图；4. 第19题选最佳标题，要排除片面、偏离核心的选项，找到覆盖全文核心内容的表述；5. 第20题推断下文内容，顺着最后一段的结尾逻辑，最后提到要采取行动，自然接下来会讲应对的方法。
【解析】
16. 文章围绕全球极端高温现象、气候变化引发的环境问题展开，对应报纸的天气与环境板块：A选项健康运动、C选项科学技术、D选项历史文化均不符合文章主题，因此选B。
17. 细节逐一核对：
A选项：原文提到美国、欧洲多国、中国等都遭遇极端高温，2023年6月是有记录以来最热的6月，表述符合原文，正确；
B选项：原文提到北京气温超过40℃，新疆创下52℃的新纪录，并非北京达到52℃，表述错误；
C选项：原文明确说明异常海洋温度对海洋生物的伤害远大于对人类的伤害，该选项表述完全相反，错误；
D选项：原文提到科学家早就预测热浪会因全球变暖变得更普遍，并非不清楚热浪频发的原因，表述错误。
因此本题选A。
18. 逐段梳理结构：
第1段（①）：总起全文，点明极端高温是气候变化引发的核心话题；
第2段（②）、第3段（③）、第4段（④）：三个段落并列，分别从北半球高温时间、全球陆地多国高温情况、海洋高温现象三个角度，具体介绍全球高温的实际表现；
第5段（⑤）：总结全文，引用科学家的观点警示大众必须采取行动应对问题。
整体为“总-分-总”结构，对应选项D的图示结构，因此选D。
19. 全文核心围绕近年全球各地出现的极端高温现象展开：A选项仅提到新的温度记录，过于片面；C选项仅聚焦极端天气的结果，没有覆盖全文内容；D选项全球变暖的原因并非文章核心讨论内容，只有B选项“全球范围内的高温”最贴合全文主旨，因此选B。
20. 文章最后一段结尾提到科学家发出警示：除非人们立刻采取行动，否则情况会进一步恶化，按照行文逻辑，接下来最可能介绍应对全球变暖的具体措施，对应A选项，其余选项均不符合结尾的逻辑走向，因此选A。
【答案】
16.B 17.A 18.D 19.B 20.A
【知识点】
细节信息查找，篇章结构分析，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题属于环保热点类说明文阅读，难度梯度设置合理，既考察学生快速定位原文细节的基础能力，也对篇章逻辑梳理、主旨概括、后续内容推断的高阶阅读能力做出考察，同时引导学生关注全球气候问题，贴合英语学科的主题语境育人要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
