二、综合填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Qinhuai River is 110 kilometres long and covers 1 area of 2,631 square kilometres. It 2 (call) “Nanjing’s mother river”. It is the “life blood” of the city. The Qinhuai River has two parts. One is the inner river that flows through the heart of the city, 3 the other is the outer river that goes around the city walls.
The Qinhuai River fed people along the banks as 4 (early) as in the Neolithic Age(新石器时代). In old times, rich families and learned people often gathered along the banks. We could see painted boats 5 red lanterns all over the river. Li Bai, Du Mu, Liu Yuxi and many other poets all 6 (write) poems about the river. Nowadays, old-style buildings stand along the banks. With lights for decoration, the river is 7 (real) wonderful at night. A boat trip helps 8 (visit) to enjoy the beauty of the Qinhuai River. The Confucius Temple(夫子庙) is 9 (famous) of all.
The highlights of the boat trip have many historical relics on the banks of the river. The Grand Screen Wall(大照壁) is a good example. There are two dragons 10 (play) with a pearl on it. It is the biggest and the oldest screen wall still preserved in China.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了秦淮河长度、面积及相关文化价值等信息。
1. an 2. is called 3. and/while 4. early 5. with
6. wrote 7. really 8. visitors 9. the most famous
10. playing

【分析】
做这类短文综合填空题时，首先要先通读全文，明确文章主题是介绍秦淮河的基本信息与文化价值，理清整体行文逻辑：介绍客观属性用一般现在时，描述古代事件用一般过去时。之后逐个分析空格：如果空格后没有提示词，优先考虑冠词、连词、介词等虚词的固定搭配；如果给出提示词，就结合句子的时态、主被动、句子成分属性，对提示词做对应的词性/形式变形，推导得出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 考查冠词，固定搭配an area of...表示“面积为……”，area是以元音音素开头的可数名词，因此填an。
2. 考查被动语态，主语It指代秦淮河，和动词call是被动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时，一般现在时被动结构为is+过去分词，因此填is called。
3. 考查连词，前后两个分句分别介绍内河和外河的属性，既可以用and表并列关系，也可以用while表对比逻辑，因此填and/while。
4. 考查固定搭配，as+形容词原级+as是固定结构，as early as表示“早在”，因此填early。
5. 考查介词，此处表达“带有红灯笼的画舫”，介词with可以表伴随属性，意为“配有、带有”，因此填with。
6. 考查动词时态，李白、杜牧等都是古代诗人，写诗是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，write的过去式为wrote，因此填wrote。
7. 考查词性转换，空格需要修饰形容词wonderful，要用副词作状语，real的副词形式是really，因此填really。
8. 考查词性转换，此处表达“游客”这一类群体，要用可数名词复数，visit对应的名词visitor的复数形式是visitors，因此填visitors。
9. 考查形容词最高级，句中出现范围限定of all，表示“在所有当中”，要用形容词最高级，famous的最高级为the most famous，因此填the most famous。
10. 考查非谓语动词，此处作后置定语修饰two dragons，龙和play是主动关系，用现在分词表主动、进行的状态，因此填playing。
【答案】
1. an 2. is called 3. and/while 4. early 5. with
6. wrote 7. really 8. visitors 9. the most famous 10. playing
【知识点】
冠词用法，动词时态语态，非谓语动词
【点评】
本题选取介绍中国本土文化景点的说明文作为载体，考点覆盖了高中英语基础填空的所有高频考点，兼顾了语言知识考察和文化科普属性。解题时需要先把握全文的时态基调，再结合句子成分、固定搭配、逻辑关系逐一推导，避免出现形式误用的问题。
【难度系数】
0.6

三、任务型阅读
阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后的表格里填入最恰当的单词，每个空格只填一个单词。
A cloud is made of water drops or ice crystals floating(飘浮) in the sky. There are many kinds of clouds. Clouds are very important to the earth’s weather.
The sky can be full of water. But most of the time you can’t see the water. The drops of water are too small to see. They have turned into a gas called water vapour(水蒸气). As the water vapour goes high in the sky, the air goes cool. The cooler air causes the water droplets(微滴) to stick to things like dust(粉尘), ice or sea salt.
Clouds get their names in two ways. One way is by where they are found in the sky. Some clouds are high up in the sky. Low clouds form closer to the earth’s surface. In fact, low clouds can even touch the ground. These clouds are called fog. Middle clouds are found between low and high clouds.
Another way clouds are named is by their shapes. Cirrus clouds(卷云) are high clouds. They look like feathers. Cumulus clouds(积雨云) are middle clouds. These clouds look like giant cotton balls in the sky. Stratus clouds(层云) are low clouds. They cover the sky like bed sheets.
Most of the water in clouds is in very small droplets. The droplets are not heavy so they can float in the air. Sometimes those droplets join with other droplets. Then they turn into larger drops. When that happens, gravity(重力) causes them to fall to the earth. We call the falling water drops rain. When the air is colder, the water may form snowflakes(雪花) instead.
Clouds are important in our daily life. At night, clouds reflect(反射) heat and keep the ground warmer. During the day, clouds make shade that can keep us cooler. Studying clouds helps people have a better understanding of the earth’s weather.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了云的形成、种类及其对地球天气的重要性。
1. importance 2. forming 3. rises 4. Names/Types/Kinds 5. places/heights 6. light 7. rain 8. lower
9. Reasons 10. understand

【分析】
这道题是说明文类任务型阅读，解题时首先通读全文梳理文章脉络，明确文章分别介绍了云的重要性、形成过程、分类命名、降水形态、研究云的意义五大模块，和表格结构完全对应。接下来逐个定位每个空格对应的原文内容，结合空格所在句式的语法要求，进行同义替换、词性转换，同时保证每空仅填一个单词：
1. 第1空对应原文云对天气很重要的表述，表格搭配是be of great + 名词，需要把形容词important转换为名词形式；
2. 第2空对应模块内容是云的生成过程，介词of后需要接动名词，对应主题填form的动名词形式；
3. 第3空原文描述水蒸气升到高空，"goes high"同义替换为动词rise的第三人称单数形式适配不可数主语water vapour；
4. 第4空是该模块的标题，模块内容围绕云的命名/种类展开，填对应名词复数即可；
5. 第5空原文说明云按所处天空的位置/高度命名，填对应名词复数；
6. 第6空原文提到小水滴不重所以能漂浮，"not heavy"同义替换为light；
7. 第7空原文明确下落的水滴被叫做雨，直接对应内容填写；
8. 第8空原文说明空气变冷会形成雪花，表格搭配get + 形容词比较级，对应填lower；
9. 第9空模块内容说明研究云的价值和动因，对应标题填Reasons；
10. 第10空原文"have a better understanding of"转换为help sb do的结构，填动词understand即可。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段"Clouds are very important to the earth's weather"，表格中固定搭配be of great + 名词等价于very + 形容词，因此将形容词important变为名词importance；
2. 该部分介绍云的形成方法，介词of后接动名词，因此动词form变为forming；
3. 定位原文第二段"As the water vapour goes high in the sky"，水蒸气向高空上升，主语water vapour是不可数名词，谓语用第三人称单数形式，填rises；
4. 该部分介绍云的两种命名方式、不同类别，因此模块标题可填Names/Types/Kinds；
5. 定位原文第三段"One way is by where they are found in the sky"，即云根据所处的位置/高度命名，因此填places/heights；
6. 定位原文第五段"The droplets are not heavy so they can float in the air"，小水滴体积小重量轻，not heavy等价于light，填light；
7. 定位原文第五段"We call the falling water drops rain"，因此填rain；
8. 定位原文第五段"When the air is colder, the water may form snowflakes instead"，表格中get后接形容词比较级，表示气温变低，填lower；
9. 该部分介绍研究云的意义、原因，模块后搭配for studying clouds，因此标题填Reasons；
10. 定位原文最后一段"Studying clouds helps people have a better understanding of the earth's weather"，固定结构help sb do sth，因此将名词understanding变为动词understand。
【答案】
1. importance 2. forming 3. rises 4. Names/Types/Kinds 5. places/heights 6. light 7. rain 8. lower 9. Reasons 10. understand
【知识点】
任务型阅读，词性转换，原文信息定位
【点评】
本题属于中等难度的说明文任务型阅读，既考查学生快速定位原文关键信息的能力，也对词性变形、同义短语替换的知识点进行了考察，需要学生注意表格句式和原文句式的差异，不能生硬照搬原文词汇，要适配空格的语法属性，同时注意名词单复数、非谓语形式等细节易错点。
【难度系数】
0.6