一、根据句意和汉语提示写单词,每空一词
1. The ancient （金字塔）in Egypt are famous and attractive to visitors around the world.
2. It takes a lot of （勇气）to try new things and face difficulties in our life.
3. We can get much useful （智慧）from history and the experience of great people.
4. He lost his （平衡）and fell backwards.
5. People around the world usually use the solar （日历）in their daily life.

1. pyramids 2. courage 3. wisdom 4. balance
5. calendar

【分析】本题要求根据汉语提示填写英语单词，需结合句子的语法结构（如名词单复数、不可数名词用法）确定单词的正确形式。首先理解每个句子的句意，对应汉语提示的词汇，再根据句子的谓语动词或修饰词判断单词的形式，确保符合语法规则。
【解析】1. 句中be动词为are，说明主语是复数，“金字塔”的英语单词是pyramid，复数形式为pyramids；2. “勇气”是不可数名词，英语为courage，用原形；3. “智慧”是不可数名词，英语为wisdom，用原形；4. “平衡”是不可数名词，英语为balance，用原形；5. “日历”对应英语单词calendar，此处用单数形式构成固定搭配solar calendar。
【答案】1. pyramids 2. courage 3. wisdom 4. balance 5. calendar
【知识点】词汇运用、名词的单复数
【点评】本题考查基础词汇的拼写及名词在句子中的正确形式，属于英语基础题型，侧重词汇的积累与简单语法的运用。
【难度系数】0.8

二、翻译句子
1. 你最敬佩的人是谁？

2. 贝聿铭设计玻璃金字塔，真是富有创意。

3. 我想要成为像他一样能鼓舞人心的人。

4. My biggest inspiration is my father.

5. It is nice of him to always support what I do.

1. Who is the person you admire the most? / Who do you look up to the most?
2. It was creative of I. M. Pei to design the glass pyramid.
3. I want to become an inspiring person like him.
4. 最鼓舞我的人是我的父亲。
5. 他总是支持我所做的事，他人真好。

【分析】本题为英汉互译题，需依据中英文常用表达和句式结构转换：1. 汉译英时，“你最敬佩的人”可采用定语从句结构，“敬佩”对应admire或look up to；2. 汉译英用“It is + adj + of sb to do sth”句式表达“某人做某事是……的”；3. 汉译英注意“鼓舞人心的”对应形容词inspiring；4. 英译汉时，“inspiration”此处指“鼓舞我的人”；5. 英译汉需掌握“It is nice of sb to do sth”的固定译法。
【解析】1. 以特殊疑问词Who开头，“你最敬佩的人”译为“the person you admire the most”，故译为Who is the person you admire the most? / Who do you look up to the most?；2. 用“It was creative of sb to do sth”句式，主语贝聿铭为I. M. Pei，“玻璃金字塔”是glass pyramid，故译为It was creative of I. M. Pei to design the glass pyramid.；3. “想要成为”是want to become，“鼓舞人心的人”是an inspiring person，“像他一样”是like him，故译为I want to become an inspiring person like him.；4. My biggest inspiration译为“最鼓舞我的人”，整句译为“最鼓舞我的人是我的父亲。”；5. It is nice of sb to do sth译为“他做某事真好”，support what I do译为“支持我所做的事”，故译为“他总是支持我所做的事，他人真好。”
【答案】1. Who is the person you admire the most? / Who do you look up to the most?
2. It was creative of I. M. Pei to design the glass pyramid.
3. I want to become an inspiring person like him.
4. 最鼓舞我的人是我的父亲。
5. 他总是支持我所做的事，他人真好。
【知识点】英汉互译、常用句式翻译、词汇运用
【点评】本题为基础英汉互译题，考察学生对常用词汇、固定句式的掌握，属于英语基础题型。
【难度系数】0.7

三、用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空
chemistry drop out of look up to
brave pioneer
1. The soldier decided to the risk and protect the people behind him.
2. The old scientist still devotes himself to the study of in his eighties.
3. He school because his family was very poor and couldn't afford his education.
4. We should those who are kind, hard-working and always ready to help.
5. Yuan Longping and Tu Youyou are true of our country.

1. brave 2. chemistry 3. dropped out of
4. look up to 5. pioneers

【分析】
先明确方框内词汇的词义与词性：brave（形容词/动词，意为“勇敢的/勇敢面对”）、chemistry（名词，化学）、drop out of（动词短语，退出、辍学）、look up to（动词短语，尊敬）、pioneer（名词，先驱）。再逐句分析句意，结合句子的语法结构（如不定式to后接动词原形、介词后接名词、一般过去时态、情态动词后接动词原形、主谓一致等），选择合适的词汇并变形。
【解析】
1. 句意：这名士兵决定勇敢面对风险。brave可作动词，意为“勇敢面对”，符合decide to do（决定做某事）的结构，故填brave。
2. 句意：这位老科学家在八十多岁时仍致力于化学研究。study of后需接名词，chemistry（化学）为名词原形，符合语境，故填chemistry。
3. 句意：他辍学是因为家里很穷，负担不起教育。由was可知时态为一般过去时，drop out of的过去式为dropped out of，故填dropped out of。
4. 句意：我们应该尊敬那些善良、勤奋且乐于助人的人。should为情态动词，后接动词原形，look up to（尊敬）符合语境，故填look up to。
5. 句意：袁隆平和屠呦呦是我国真正的先驱。主语是两个人，需用名词复数，pioneer的复数为pioneers，故填pioneers。
【答案】
1. brave 2. chemistry 3. dropped out of 4. look up to 5. pioneers
【知识点】
动词的适当形式、名词的数、动词短语
【点评】
本题为基础词汇运用题，考查词汇在具体语境中的词义理解与形式变形，需掌握词性、时态、单复数等语法规则，难度较低，适合基础阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.7

四、完形填空
Achenyo lived in a village near the Niger River. Her mama's job was to weave(编织) and she often needed water from the 1 for the dyes(染料).
"Will you bring me some water, Achenyo?" Mama called when she was weaving.
"Of course, Mama!" Achenyo 2. Although she didn't like weaving, she often helped Mama. With a pot, she walked to the Niger River. When she arrived, she was 3 to find the river was gone! It was covered with hyacinths, a plant with dark green leaves.
"Oh no! 4 could I get water from the river now?" Achenyo cried.
When other villagers came, they shook their heads, "5 have returned again! Last year, the rainy season brought lots of water hyacinths. There was no room for us to wash or swim."
"How could such a pretty plant bring such 6?" Achenyo wondered.
The villagers began picking the water hyacinths. Achenyo 7 them and they cleared enough water hyacinths together. After that she filled her pot with water.
Each day, the river was covered with new hyacinths 8 they grew easily and fast. To fill her pot, Achenyo had to clear the hyacinths again. More hyacinths lay by the river. "What a shame to 9 the plant!" she thought.
One day, as Achenyo moved away some hyacinths, she had an idea. She couldn't wait to tell Mama so she 10 took some home. "Mama, will you teach me to weave 11 them?"
Mama felt happy, but she thought the stalks (秆) were too thick to weave.
"But, Mama, they're 12." Achenyo showed Mama how difficult it was to break a stalk.
"OK," Mama said. From that day on, they wove together every day. Finally, Achenyo 13 to make a schoolbag and Mama was proud to see Achenyo could weave. Then Mama and Achenyo began to teach their neighbours. They used the stalks to make baskets, bags and other 14 products. They no longer considered the plant as an enemy, but a 15. When the rainy season started, the villagers went to pick water hyacinths happily.
()1. A. lake B. river
C. stream D. forest
()2. A. agreed B. advised
C. guessed D. planned
()3. A. excited B. relaxed
C. surprised D. glad
()4. A. Why B. When
C. What D. How
()5. A. I B. We
C. You D. They
()6. A. trouble B. chances
C. energy D. methods
()7. A. invited B. joined
C. watched D. encouraged
()8. A. before B. until
C. although D. because
()9. A. depend on B. throw away
C. search for D. look after
()10. A. quietly B. secretly
C. quickly D. carelessly
()11. A. with B. like
C. for D. against
()12. A. light B. long
C. fresh D. strong
()13. A. forgot B. decided
C. managed D. expected
()14. A. healthy B. useful
C. old D. large
()15. A. choice B. memory
C. treasure D. purpose

1－5. BACDD 6－10. ABDBC 11－15. ADCBC

【分析】
这是一篇记叙文完形填空，解题思路为：1. 先通读全文，把握文章主旨（Achenyo将有害的水葫芦变废为宝的故事）；2. 逐题分析时，结合上下文语境、词义辨析、固定搭配等逻辑关系，逐一排除错误选项，选出最符合文意的答案。
【解析】
1. 由前文提到的“Niger River”可知，染料需要的水来自河流，选B（river）；
2. 妈妈请求Achenyo打水，Achenyo答应了请求，agreed符合语境，选A；
3. 原本的河流被水葫芦覆盖，Achenyo对此感到惊讶，surprised符合情绪，选C；
4. 河水被覆盖后，Achenyo疑问“现在怎么取水”，how表方式，选D；
5. 此处they指代前文提到的水葫芦，选D；
6. 村民称水葫芦带来了麻烦，trouble符合文意，选A；
7. 村民开始采摘水葫芦，Achenyo加入了他们，joined符合动作逻辑，选B；
8. 河水每天长出新的水葫芦，因为它们生长迅速，because表原因，选D；
9. Achenyo觉得扔掉水葫芦很可惜，throw away符合语境，选B；
10. Achenyo有了想法后，快速拿回家告诉妈妈，quickly符合动作状态，选C；
11. 用这些水葫芦秆编织，with表工具，选A；
12. Achenyo展示水葫芦秆很结实，strong符合描述，选D；
13. Achenyo成功做成了书包，manage to do表“成功做某事”，选C；
14. 用秆制作有用的产品，useful符合文意，选B；
15. 不再把水葫芦当敌人，而是当作宝藏，treasure符合主旨，选C。
【答案】
1－5. BACDD 6－10. ABDBC 11－15. ADCBC
【知识点】
完形填空解题技巧、词汇辨析、记叙文阅读理解
【点评】
本文为故事类完形填空，主题积极向上，贴近生活，主要考察学生对上下文语境的理解及基础词汇的运用能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6