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五、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
People say that the real culture of Beijing lies in the culture of hutong and siheyuan. How true it is! 1
Hutong is the name of a small street between rows of siheyuan. In the past, there were hundreds of siheyuan around the Forbidden City. 2 It became very common during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is said that by 1949 there were as many as 3,250 hutong. But as time went by, the number fell greatly. 3 Now there are no more than 1,000 and most of them have turned into tourist attractions with street food, shops and bars.
In a hutong, houses stay close to one another, so it is easy for local people to keep in touch with their neighbours. You can see public bathrooms, toilets and shops selling all kinds of things there. 4 It is the main way for people to improve their relationships. When you enter the hutong, you can feel the deep and warm relationships among people. 5
If you want to explore the culture and experience eating and shopping in Beijing, you should never miss a hutong tour.
A. In 2003, only 1,500 were left.
B. Few people like living hutong.
C. Chatting happily is a common scene.
D. Hutong first appeared in the Yuan dynasty.
E. They show the old lifestyle of people living in Beijing.
F. You can hardly find this feeling in other places in this modern world.
1.
People say that the real culture of Beijing lies in the culture of hutong and siheyuan. How true it is! 1
Hutong is the name of a small street between rows of siheyuan. In the past, there were hundreds of siheyuan around the Forbidden City. 2 It became very common during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is said that by 1949 there were as many as 3,250 hutong. But as time went by, the number fell greatly. 3 Now there are no more than 1,000 and most of them have turned into tourist attractions with street food, shops and bars.
In a hutong, houses stay close to one another, so it is easy for local people to keep in touch with their neighbours. You can see public bathrooms, toilets and shops selling all kinds of things there. 4 It is the main way for people to improve their relationships. When you enter the hutong, you can feel the deep and warm relationships among people. 5
If you want to explore the culture and experience eating and shopping in Beijing, you should never miss a hutong tour.
A. In 2003, only 1,500 were left.
B. Few people like living hutong.
C. Chatting happily is a common scene.
D. Hutong first appeared in the Yuan dynasty.
E. They show the old lifestyle of people living in Beijing.
F. You can hardly find this feeling in other places in this modern world.
1.
E
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. F
答案
1.E 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.F
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍北京胡同文化的六选五阅读补全题，解题时我们可以按照“先通读全文把握行文逻辑，再逐空匹配上下文线索”的思路来思考：
1. 先看第1空：空前总述北京真正的文化在于胡同和四合院文化，需要一个能承接总起、引出下文介绍的句子，选项E的代词They正好可以指代前文的hutong和siheyuan，逻辑完全匹配。
2. 再看第2空：空后明确提到胡同在明清时期变得非常普遍，按照时间线的叙事逻辑，空格处需要介绍胡同更早的起源时间，对应选项D的元朝起源的表述，刚好衔接元之后是明清的时间顺序。
3. 接着看第3空：空前给出1949年胡同有3250条、之后数量大幅下降，空后又说现在胡同数量不超过1000，空格处需要补充中间时间节点的胡同数量，对应选项A的2003年仅剩1500条，完全符合时间递进、数量递减的叙事逻辑。
4. 然后看第4空：空后提到“它是人们增进关系的主要方式”，空格处需要给出it指代的具体行为，选项C的“愉快闲聊是常见场景”刚好对应邻里之间增进关系的行为，前后呼应。
5. 最后看第5空：空前提到走进胡同能感受到人们之间深厚温暖的邻里关系，选项F里的this feeling正好指代前文描述的这种独特氛围，符合收尾的逻辑。剩下的B选项和全文内容不符，是多余选项。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文点明北京的核心文化是胡同和四合院文化，E选项的"They"指代胡同和四合院，说明它们承载北京人的古老生活方式，起到总起引出下文的作用，选E。
2. 第2空：后文介绍胡同在明清时期普及，D选项说明胡同最早起源于元朝，符合历史朝代先后的叙事顺序，衔接自然，选D。
3. 第3空：前文提到1949年胡同有3250条、数量大幅下降，后文说现在胡同不足1000条，A选项给出2003年胡同仅剩1500条的中间数据，符合时间线的数量变化逻辑，选A。
4. 第4空：后文指出这是人们增进邻里关系的主要方式，C选项描述邻里间开心闲聊是常见场景，正好对应后文的行为指代，选C。
5. 第5空：前文描述胡同里温暖深厚的邻里氛围，F选项说明这种独特的感受在现代社会其他地方很难找到，"this feeling"精准指代前文的氛围，收尾通顺，选F。
【答案】
1.E 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.F
【知识点】
阅读补全逻辑衔接，时间线细节梳理，代词指代判断
【点评】
本题属于中国传统文化主题的阅读补全题，难度适中，重点考察学生对行文逻辑的梳理能力，解题时只要抓住前后文的代词指代、时间先后顺序、前后句的呼应关系，就能快速匹配出正确选项，多余干扰项B和全文表述相悖，很容易排除。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍北京胡同文化的六选五阅读补全题，解题时我们可以按照“先通读全文把握行文逻辑，再逐空匹配上下文线索”的思路来思考：
1. 先看第1空：空前总述北京真正的文化在于胡同和四合院文化，需要一个能承接总起、引出下文介绍的句子，选项E的代词They正好可以指代前文的hutong和siheyuan，逻辑完全匹配。
2. 再看第2空：空后明确提到胡同在明清时期变得非常普遍，按照时间线的叙事逻辑，空格处需要介绍胡同更早的起源时间，对应选项D的元朝起源的表述，刚好衔接元之后是明清的时间顺序。
3. 接着看第3空：空前给出1949年胡同有3250条、之后数量大幅下降，空后又说现在胡同数量不超过1000，空格处需要补充中间时间节点的胡同数量，对应选项A的2003年仅剩1500条，完全符合时间递进、数量递减的叙事逻辑。
4. 然后看第4空：空后提到“它是人们增进关系的主要方式”，空格处需要给出it指代的具体行为，选项C的“愉快闲聊是常见场景”刚好对应邻里之间增进关系的行为，前后呼应。
5. 最后看第5空：空前提到走进胡同能感受到人们之间深厚温暖的邻里关系，选项F里的this feeling正好指代前文描述的这种独特氛围，符合收尾的逻辑。剩下的B选项和全文内容不符，是多余选项。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文点明北京的核心文化是胡同和四合院文化，E选项的"They"指代胡同和四合院，说明它们承载北京人的古老生活方式，起到总起引出下文的作用，选E。
2. 第2空：后文介绍胡同在明清时期普及，D选项说明胡同最早起源于元朝，符合历史朝代先后的叙事顺序，衔接自然，选D。
3. 第3空：前文提到1949年胡同有3250条、数量大幅下降，后文说现在胡同不足1000条，A选项给出2003年胡同仅剩1500条的中间数据，符合时间线的数量变化逻辑，选A。
4. 第4空：后文指出这是人们增进邻里关系的主要方式，C选项描述邻里间开心闲聊是常见场景，正好对应后文的行为指代，选C。
5. 第5空：前文描述胡同里温暖深厚的邻里氛围，F选项说明这种独特的感受在现代社会其他地方很难找到，"this feeling"精准指代前文的氛围，收尾通顺，选F。
【答案】
1.E 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.F
【知识点】
阅读补全逻辑衔接，时间线细节梳理，代词指代判断
【点评】
本题属于中国传统文化主题的阅读补全题，难度适中，重点考察学生对行文逻辑的梳理能力，解题时只要抓住前后文的代词指代、时间先后顺序、前后句的呼应关系，就能快速匹配出正确选项，多余干扰项B和全文表述相悖，很容易排除。
【难度系数】
0.7
六、阅读理解。
On March 24, 2024, thousands of people went to Paris to watch an interesting activity, cafe waiters’ race(服务员竞赛). It started in 1914. Waiters need to walk two kilometres while carrying a tray(托盘)with a glass of water, a coffee cup and a piece of bread.
Two hundred waiters started and ended the trip at City Hall, wearing white shirts, black trousers and aprons(围裙). To win the race, they needed to be quick and careful. They must cross the finishing line as quickly as possible, without running, spilling(洒出)water or carrying the tray with two hands at the same time.
It’s really hard but fun to win the race. Men’s winner Samy Lamrous finished in 13 minutes and 30 seconds, while women’s winner Pauline Van Wymeersch finished in 14 minutes and 12 seconds. Both winners would get a night’s stay in a great hotel and tickets to the Olympic opening ceremony(奥运会开幕式).
34-year-old Pauline Van Wymeersch worked as a waitress from 16 years old. “I love the job as much as I hate it,” she said. Because of it, she lost many weekends and holidays, but she also learnt something useful and met lots of interesting people.
The race was a way to welcome the 2024 Paris Olympic Games. The big event brought big business for the restaurants and hotels in Paris.
(
① time and place
② history
③ rules
④ awards
A. ①②③④
B. ②③④
C. ①③④
D. ①②③
(
A. They can get air tickets to Paris.
B. They can have meals in top restaurants.
C. They can enjoy a night at a great hotel.
D. They can take part in the Olympic Games.
(
A. She couldn’t make much money.
B. It was seldom helpful for her.
C. It took up much of her free time.
D. She had to meet many people.
(
A. An interesting race in Paris.
B. The waiters’ busy life in Paris.
C. The 2024 Paris Olympic Games.
D. The coming big business in Paris.
On March 24, 2024, thousands of people went to Paris to watch an interesting activity, cafe waiters’ race(服务员竞赛). It started in 1914. Waiters need to walk two kilometres while carrying a tray(托盘)with a glass of water, a coffee cup and a piece of bread.
Two hundred waiters started and ended the trip at City Hall, wearing white shirts, black trousers and aprons(围裙). To win the race, they needed to be quick and careful. They must cross the finishing line as quickly as possible, without running, spilling(洒出)water or carrying the tray with two hands at the same time.
It’s really hard but fun to win the race. Men’s winner Samy Lamrous finished in 13 minutes and 30 seconds, while women’s winner Pauline Van Wymeersch finished in 14 minutes and 12 seconds. Both winners would get a night’s stay in a great hotel and tickets to the Olympic opening ceremony(奥运会开幕式).
34-year-old Pauline Van Wymeersch worked as a waitress from 16 years old. “I love the job as much as I hate it,” she said. Because of it, she lost many weekends and holidays, but she also learnt something useful and met lots of interesting people.
The race was a way to welcome the 2024 Paris Olympic Games. The big event brought big business for the restaurants and hotels in Paris.
(
D
)1. The first two paragraphs tell us about the race’s .① time and place
② history
③ rules
④ awards
A. ①②③④
B. ②③④
C. ①③④
D. ①②③
(
C
)2. What can the two winners do?A. They can get air tickets to Paris.
B. They can have meals in top restaurants.
C. They can enjoy a night at a great hotel.
D. They can take part in the Olympic Games.
(
C
)3. Why did Pauline Van Wymeersch hate her job?A. She couldn’t make much money.
B. It was seldom helpful for her.
C. It took up much of her free time.
D. She had to meet many people.
(
A
)4. What’s the passage mainly about?A. An interesting race in Paris.
B. The waiters’ busy life in Paris.
C. The 2024 Paris Olympic Games.
D. The coming big business in Paris.
答案
1.D 2.C 3.C 4.A
解析
【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，我们可以按照“题干划关键词→回原文定位→匹配选项排除干扰”的思路逐步解题：
1. 先看第1题，题干限定范围是前两段，我们只需要回到前两段逐一核对时间地点、历史、规则、奖项这几个要素是否在前两段出现，排除不属于前两段的内容即可得到答案。
2. 第2题定位关键词“two winners”，直接找到描述获胜者奖励的原文段落，和选项逐一比对就能选出正确项。
3. 第3题定位人名Pauline Van Wymeersch，找到她描述自己对工作感受的句子，直接提取她讨厌这份工作的原因，排除和原文相悖的干扰选项。
4. 第4题主旨题需要梳理全文核心，判断全文围绕的核心描述对象，排除只覆盖局部细节的错误选项即可。
【解析】
1. 回到原文前两段：第一段给出了活动的时间2024年3月24日、举办地点巴黎，同时提到比赛起源于1914年，对应历史信息；第二段详细说明了参赛要求、比赛的各项限制，对应比赛规则。而比赛的奖项介绍出现在第三段，不属于前两段的内容，因此前两段覆盖的是①②③，选D。
2. 根据第三段最后一句“Both winners would get a night’s stay in a great hotel and tickets to the Olympic opening ceremony”可知，两位获胜者可以获得优质酒店的一晚住宿以及奥运会开幕式门票，对比选项：A的去巴黎的机票、B的顶级餐厅免费用餐原文均未提及，D的参加奥运会不符合原文的开幕式门票描述，只有C选项符合原文内容。
3. 根据第四段“Because of it, she lost many weekends and holidays”可知，服务员工作占用了她大量的周末、假期等空闲时间，这是她讨厌这份工作的原因。A选项“赚不到很多钱”原文无提及，B选项“几乎对她没有帮助”和原文“learnt something useful”表述相反，D选项“要见很多人”是她提到的工作的好处，均排除，选C。
4. 全文围绕2024年巴黎为迎接奥运会举办的趣味服务员赛跑活动展开，介绍了活动的起源、规则、获奖情况等内容，核心是介绍这场有趣的比赛。B选项服务员的忙碌生活只是局部细节，C选项巴黎奥运会只是活动的背景不是全文核心，D选项巴黎的商机仅为文末的一句补充信息，均不能概括全文主旨，选A。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.C 4.A
【知识点】
细节信息定位，主旨大意判断，阅读信息匹配
【点评】
本篇是难度适中的记叙类阅读，绝大多数题目为细节理解题，考点清晰，学生只要按照题干关键词精准回原文定位，就能快速找到对应答案，解题时注意不要混淆不同段落的信息，避免把后文出现的内容误判为指定段落的信息即可。
【难度系数】
0.8
做这篇阅读理解时，我们可以按照“题干划关键词→回原文定位→匹配选项排除干扰”的思路逐步解题：
1. 先看第1题，题干限定范围是前两段，我们只需要回到前两段逐一核对时间地点、历史、规则、奖项这几个要素是否在前两段出现，排除不属于前两段的内容即可得到答案。
2. 第2题定位关键词“two winners”，直接找到描述获胜者奖励的原文段落，和选项逐一比对就能选出正确项。
3. 第3题定位人名Pauline Van Wymeersch，找到她描述自己对工作感受的句子，直接提取她讨厌这份工作的原因，排除和原文相悖的干扰选项。
4. 第4题主旨题需要梳理全文核心，判断全文围绕的核心描述对象，排除只覆盖局部细节的错误选项即可。
【解析】
1. 回到原文前两段：第一段给出了活动的时间2024年3月24日、举办地点巴黎，同时提到比赛起源于1914年，对应历史信息；第二段详细说明了参赛要求、比赛的各项限制，对应比赛规则。而比赛的奖项介绍出现在第三段，不属于前两段的内容，因此前两段覆盖的是①②③，选D。
2. 根据第三段最后一句“Both winners would get a night’s stay in a great hotel and tickets to the Olympic opening ceremony”可知，两位获胜者可以获得优质酒店的一晚住宿以及奥运会开幕式门票，对比选项：A的去巴黎的机票、B的顶级餐厅免费用餐原文均未提及，D的参加奥运会不符合原文的开幕式门票描述，只有C选项符合原文内容。
3. 根据第四段“Because of it, she lost many weekends and holidays”可知，服务员工作占用了她大量的周末、假期等空闲时间，这是她讨厌这份工作的原因。A选项“赚不到很多钱”原文无提及，B选项“几乎对她没有帮助”和原文“learnt something useful”表述相反，D选项“要见很多人”是她提到的工作的好处，均排除，选C。
4. 全文围绕2024年巴黎为迎接奥运会举办的趣味服务员赛跑活动展开，介绍了活动的起源、规则、获奖情况等内容，核心是介绍这场有趣的比赛。B选项服务员的忙碌生活只是局部细节，C选项巴黎奥运会只是活动的背景不是全文核心，D选项巴黎的商机仅为文末的一句补充信息，均不能概括全文主旨，选A。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.C 4.A
【知识点】
细节信息定位，主旨大意判断，阅读信息匹配
【点评】
本篇是难度适中的记叙类阅读，绝大多数题目为细节理解题，考点清晰，学生只要按照题干关键词精准回原文定位，就能快速找到对应答案，解题时注意不要混淆不同段落的信息，避免把后文出现的内容误判为指定段落的信息即可。
【难度系数】
0.8
