【例 4】选出句中画线部分的意思
The injured bird lived on thanks to the kind girl's care.

A.靠(……钱)生活
B.继续活着
C.以食……为生
D.居住在……上
【答案】B

B

【分析】
本题考查动词短语live on的语境含义，解题思路是：先回忆live on的多个常见释义，再结合句子语境（受伤的鸟因女孩照顾的结果）逐一分析选项，排除不符合语境的释义，选出正确答案。
【解析】
短语live on有多个常见含义：A选项“靠(……钱)生活”用于描述人的经济来源；C选项“以食……为生”侧重描述食物来源；D选项“居住在……上”侧重描述居住地点；句子语境为“受伤的鸟因好心女孩的照顾得以存活”，此处live on表示“继续活着”，对应选项B。
【答案】
B
【知识点】
英语动词短语辨析；语境词义理解
【点评】
本题考查常用动词短语在具体语境中的含义，需结合句子语境区分短语的不同释义，属于基础题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7

一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. He is a great (biology) who devotes himself to plant research.
2. Her sadness (appear) when she saw the surprise gift.
3. I started a (collect) of movie tickets when I was twelve.
4. The (explore) of the moon was a great achievement for mankind.
5. I have many hobbies, (include) reading, swimming and playing basketball.

1. biologist
2. disappeared
3. collection
4. exploration
5. including

【分析】本题为用所给词的适当形式填空，解题思路是先分析每个句子中空格的成分，确定所需词性，再结合语境和词义转换单词形式：1. 空格前有不定冠词a，需填指人的名词；2. 空格在句中作谓语，需用动词的适当形式，结合语境判断词义；3. 空格前有不定冠词a，需填名词；4. 空格前有定冠词the，需填名词；5. 此处需用介词来举例说明内容。
【解析】1. 空格前有a，需填表示人的名词，biology意为“生物学”，其指人名词形式为biologist（生物学家），符合语境；2. 从句为一般过去时，主句谓语需用过去式，结合“看到惊喜礼物”的语境，悲伤“消失”，故用appear的反义词disappeared（消失，过去式）；3. a后接名词，collect为动词“收集”，其名词形式collection意为“收藏品，收集物”，符合搭配；4. the后接名词，explore为动词“探索”，其名词形式exploration意为“探索”，符合语境；5. 此处需用介词举例，include为动词，其介词形式including意为“包括”，符合用法。
【答案】1. biologist 2. disappeared 3. collection 4. exploration 5. including
【知识点】词性转换、名词、动词形式变化
【点评】本题考查英语词汇的词性转换，属于基础词汇运用题，主要考察常见词的派生词掌握，难度较低。
【难度系数】0.7

二、用方框中所给短语完成句子
leave behind, lives on, the focus of, was shaken by, on the whole
1. My grandmother's love in every recipe she taught me.
2. The trip, , was quite enjoyable although the weather was not good.
3. Everyone in the room the sad story she told.
4. Don't your phone when you get off the train.
5. The teacher made grammar today's lesson.

1. lives on
2. on the whole
3. was shaken by
4. leave behind
5. the focus of

【分析】首先明确方框内各短语的含义与用法：leave behind表示“落下，遗留”；lives on表示“继续存在，延续”；the focus of表示“……的重点/焦点”；was shaken by表示“被……所震撼”；on the whole表示“整体上，大体上”。解题时需结合每个句子的语境、语法特征（如时态、词性），匹配语义和语法均合适的短语。
【解析】1. 句子主语为单数的My grandmother's love，语境表达“奶奶的爱在食谱中延续”，需用一般现在时的动词短语，故填lives on；2. 句子需要插入语表整体评价，故填on the whole；3. 句子为过去时态（由told可知），主语Everyone与“被故事震撼”是被动关系，故填was shaken by；4. 祈使句否定式需接动词原形，语境为“下车别落下手机”，故填leave behind；5. 句子结构为“make + 宾语 + 名词短语”，表达“让语法成为课程重点”，故填the focus of。
【答案】1. lives on 2. on the whole 3. was shaken by 4. leave behind 5. the focus of
【知识点】动词短语运用、介词短语运用、语境匹配
【点评】本题考查常用短语的词义辨析及语境运用，需结合句子的语法结构和语义逻辑选择合适的短语，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.4

三、阅读还原
根据短文内容，选出最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
She could have lived an easy, comfortable life. 1.
Florence Nightingale was one of the world's greatest nurses. Every year on her birthday, 12 May, people celebrate International Nurses Day to remember the love and help that she gave to so many people.
2. And later she moved to England with her parents. In 1844, she decided to be a nurse. But her parents didn't like that idea. They didn't think that was a good job for women. 3. She went to Germany to learn to be a nurse.
During the war in 1854, Nightingale led a team of 38 nurses from England to care for soldiers near Turkey. 4. It was helpful to stop the spread of disease. At night, she would look after the soldiers. She carried a lamp with her, so the soldiers began to call her the "Lady with the Lamp".
In 1860, after the war, Nightingale opened the first nursing school. 5. She died in London in 1910, at the age of 90. Then Nightingale's birthday became International Nurses Day in 1912.

1. C
2. A
3. F
4. D
5. B

【分析】
本题为阅读还原题，需结合上下文的逻辑关系（转折关系、时间顺序、事件发展）匹配选项。解题时先梳理南丁格尔的生平脉络，再逐个分析空缺处前后语境，找到语义连贯、逻辑通顺的对应选项：第1空需转折句体现她的不同选择，第2空需说明出生地衔接迁居的内容，第3空需体现坚持梦想的转折，第4空需匹配护理行动的具体内容，第5空需补充护士学校相关的贡献。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前句“She could have lived an easy, comfortable life.”表假设的舒适生活，后句需转折说明她的实际选择，选项C“But instead she chose to work hard and care for the sick.”符合转折逻辑，故1选C；
2. 第2空：后句“And later she moved to England with her parents.”说明后续迁居，前句需介绍她的出生地，选项A“Nightingale was born into a rich family in Italy in 1820.”符合时间顺序，故2选A；
3. 第3空：前句父母反对她当护士，后句她去德国学习护理，中间需体现她坚持梦想的转折，选项F“But Nightingale went on with her dream.”衔接合理，故3选F；
4. 第4空：前句提到她在战争中的护理工作，后句说“有助于阻止疾病传播”，选项D“She made the hospital much cleaner there.”是她的具体行动，能带来后续结果，故4选D；
5. 第5空：前句提到她开办护士学校，选项B“She also proposed ideas about public health nursing.”是她在护理事业的另一贡献，语义连贯，故5选B。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.F 4.D 5.B
【知识点】
阅读还原题、语篇逻辑理解
【点评】
本题围绕南丁格尔的生平展开，考查学生对语篇上下文逻辑的把握，需结合人物经历匹配选项，整体难度适中，理清事件发展脉络即可解题。
【难度系数】
0.6