1. 如图,$AC= AE$,$BC= DE$,$BC$ 的延长线与 $DE$ 相交于点 $F$,$∠ACF+∠AED= 180^{\circ }$。求证:$AB= AD$。

答案
证明:$\because ∠ACF + ∠AED = 180^{\circ}$,
$∠ACF + ∠ACB = 180^{\circ}$,
$\therefore ∠ACB = ∠AED$。
在$\triangle ABC$和$\triangle ADE$中,
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} AC = AE,\\ ∠ACB = ∠AED,\\ BC = DE,\end{array}\right.$
$\therefore \triangle ABC \cong \triangle ADE(SAS)$,
$\therefore AB = AD$。
$∠ACF + ∠ACB = 180^{\circ}$,
$\therefore ∠ACB = ∠AED$。
在$\triangle ABC$和$\triangle ADE$中,
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} AC = AE,\\ ∠ACB = ∠AED,\\ BC = DE,\end{array}\right.$
$\therefore \triangle ABC \cong \triangle ADE(SAS)$,
$\therefore AB = AD$。
2. 如图,$AB= AC$,$∠BAC= ∠DAE$,$∠ABD= ∠ACE$。求证:$BD= CE$。

答案
证明:$\because ∠BAC = ∠DAE$,
$\therefore ∠BAC - ∠BAE = ∠DAE - ∠BAE$,
$\therefore ∠CAE = ∠BAD$。
又$\because AB = AC$,$∠ABD = ∠ACE$,
$\therefore \triangle ABD \cong \triangle ACE(ASA)$,
$\therefore BD = CE$。
$\therefore ∠BAC - ∠BAE = ∠DAE - ∠BAE$,
$\therefore ∠CAE = ∠BAD$。
又$\because AB = AC$,$∠ABD = ∠ACE$,
$\therefore \triangle ABD \cong \triangle ACE(ASA)$,
$\therefore BD = CE$。
3. 如图,点 $B$,$F$,$C$,$E$ 在同一条直线上,$∠B= ∠E$,$AB= DE$,$BF= EC$。求证:$∠A= ∠D$。

答案
证明:$\because BF = CE$,
$\therefore BF + FC = EC + FC$,
即$BC = EF$。
在$\triangle ABC$与$\triangle DEF$中,
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} AB = DE,\\ ∠B = ∠E,\\ BC = EF,\end{array}\right.$
$\therefore \triangle ABC \cong \triangle DEF(SAS)$,
$\therefore ∠A = ∠D$。
$\therefore BF + FC = EC + FC$,
即$BC = EF$。
在$\triangle ABC$与$\triangle DEF$中,
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} AB = DE,\\ ∠B = ∠E,\\ BC = EF,\end{array}\right.$
$\therefore \triangle ABC \cong \triangle DEF(SAS)$,
$\therefore ∠A = ∠D$。
4. (教材变式)如图,在 $△ABC$ 中,$D$ 为 $BC$ 上一点,$DE⊥AB$ 于点 $E$,$DF⊥AC$ 于点 $F$,$∠BDE= ∠CDF$,$AE= AF$。求证:$BD= CD$。

答案
证明:连接$AD$。
$\because DE ⊥ AB$,$DF ⊥ AC$,
$\therefore ∠AED = ∠AFD = 90^{\circ}$,
$∠BED = ∠CFD = 90^{\circ}$。
在$Rt\triangle ADE$和$Rt\triangle ADF$中,
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} AD = AD,\\ AE = AF,\end{array}\right.$
$\therefore Rt\triangle ADE \cong Rt\triangle ADF(HL)$,
![img alt=4]
$\therefore DE = DF$。
在$\triangle BDE$和$\triangle CDF$中,
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} ∠BED = ∠CFD,\\ DE = DF,\\ ∠BDE = ∠CDF,\end{array}\right.$
$\therefore \triangle BDE \cong \triangle CDF(ASA)$,
$\therefore BD = CD$。
$\because DE ⊥ AB$,$DF ⊥ AC$,
$\therefore ∠AED = ∠AFD = 90^{\circ}$,
$∠BED = ∠CFD = 90^{\circ}$。
在$Rt\triangle ADE$和$Rt\triangle ADF$中,
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} AD = AD,\\ AE = AF,\end{array}\right.$
$\therefore Rt\triangle ADE \cong Rt\triangle ADF(HL)$,
![img alt=4]
$\therefore DE = DF$。
在$\triangle BDE$和$\triangle CDF$中,
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} ∠BED = ∠CFD,\\ DE = DF,\\ ∠BDE = ∠CDF,\end{array}\right.$
$\therefore \triangle BDE \cong \triangle CDF(ASA)$,
$\therefore BD = CD$。
登录