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(B)
It wasn't until the 20th century that people knew earthquakes were caused by the movement of plates(板块). However, long before that, the ancient Chinese had already developed a remarkable instrument to sense earthquakes. Did you know a model of it is on display at the National Museum of China in Beijing? The inventor is said to be Zhang Heng, a famous scientist in the Eastern Han dynasty.
Zhang Heng (78 – 139) was born in Nanyang, Henan Province, China. He worked very hard and was especially fond of calendars and mathematics.
From very early times, the Chinese worried about earthquakes. It was recorded that in 780 BCE, an earthquake was powerful enough to change the path of three rivers. People at the time believed that earthquakes were a sign of Heaven’s anger.
In 132, Zhang Heng created this ancient seismograph (地动仪) in Luoyang, which was the capital city at that time, so that people could find out the direction of an earthquake. It was made of high-quality copper and looked like a large cup. On its outer surface stood eight dragons, whose heads pointed towards eight main directions: east, south, west, north, southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest, and each dragon kept a small copper ball inside its mouth. Right below each dragon was a copper toad. These animals lifted their heads and opened their mouths opposite the dragons’ mouths. The seismograph had a cleverly designed inner structure: if an earthquake happened somewhere, the dragon facing that exact direction would open its mouth. Then the copper ball would fall into the toad’s mouth, which clearly showed people the direction of the earthquake.
One day in 134, the dragon in the west expelled its ball. As expected, an earthquake occurred that day in Longxi (present-day western Gansu Province) 1, 000 kilometres away. Many people believed that it was the first time for humans to use an instrument to figure out where an earthquake happened. It was over 1, 700 years later that a similar instrument was invented in Europe.
People think highly of Zhang Heng and often organize activities to honour him. A ring of hills on the Moon was named after him.
46. How does the writer introduce the topic in paragraph 1?
A. By telling a true story about a scientist.
B. By listing the cause and effect of an event.
C. By mentioning a fact and asking a question.
D. By raising a question and giving its solution.
47. What did people before Eastern Han dynasty believe about earthquakes?
A. They were a punishment from Heaven.
B. They were hard to predict with device.
C. They were caused by the movement of plates.
D. They were a kind of natural physical event.
48. What does the underlined word “expelled” in paragraph 5 mean?
A. Held something tightly inside its mouth.
B. Forced something out of its mouth.
C. Caught something falling from its mouth.
D. Kept something in its mouth for long.
49. Why was the earthquake in 134 mentioned?
A. To show the device could do its job.
B. To record the first earthquake in Longxi.
C. To explain how the seismograph worked.
D. To correct wrong ideas about the device.
50. What can be inferred about the seismograph?
A. It was the start of Zhang Heng’s inventions.
B. It is the world’s first earthquake predictor.
C. It showed where the earthquake occured.
D. It inspired earthquake research in Europe.
It wasn't until the 20th century that people knew earthquakes were caused by the movement of plates(板块). However, long before that, the ancient Chinese had already developed a remarkable instrument to sense earthquakes. Did you know a model of it is on display at the National Museum of China in Beijing? The inventor is said to be Zhang Heng, a famous scientist in the Eastern Han dynasty.
Zhang Heng (78 – 139) was born in Nanyang, Henan Province, China. He worked very hard and was especially fond of calendars and mathematics.
From very early times, the Chinese worried about earthquakes. It was recorded that in 780 BCE, an earthquake was powerful enough to change the path of three rivers. People at the time believed that earthquakes were a sign of Heaven’s anger.
In 132, Zhang Heng created this ancient seismograph (地动仪) in Luoyang, which was the capital city at that time, so that people could find out the direction of an earthquake. It was made of high-quality copper and looked like a large cup. On its outer surface stood eight dragons, whose heads pointed towards eight main directions: east, south, west, north, southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest, and each dragon kept a small copper ball inside its mouth. Right below each dragon was a copper toad. These animals lifted their heads and opened their mouths opposite the dragons’ mouths. The seismograph had a cleverly designed inner structure: if an earthquake happened somewhere, the dragon facing that exact direction would open its mouth. Then the copper ball would fall into the toad’s mouth, which clearly showed people the direction of the earthquake.
One day in 134, the dragon in the west expelled its ball. As expected, an earthquake occurred that day in Longxi (present-day western Gansu Province) 1, 000 kilometres away. Many people believed that it was the first time for humans to use an instrument to figure out where an earthquake happened. It was over 1, 700 years later that a similar instrument was invented in Europe.
People think highly of Zhang Heng and often organize activities to honour him. A ring of hills on the Moon was named after him.
46. How does the writer introduce the topic in paragraph 1?
A. By telling a true story about a scientist.
B. By listing the cause and effect of an event.
C. By mentioning a fact and asking a question.
D. By raising a question and giving its solution.
47. What did people before Eastern Han dynasty believe about earthquakes?
A. They were a punishment from Heaven.
B. They were hard to predict with device.
C. They were caused by the movement of plates.
D. They were a kind of natural physical event.
48. What does the underlined word “expelled” in paragraph 5 mean?
A. Held something tightly inside its mouth.
B. Forced something out of its mouth.
C. Caught something falling from its mouth.
D. Kept something in its mouth for long.
49. Why was the earthquake in 134 mentioned?
A. To show the device could do its job.
B. To record the first earthquake in Longxi.
C. To explain how the seismograph worked.
D. To correct wrong ideas about the device.
50. What can be inferred about the seismograph?
A. It was the start of Zhang Heng’s inventions.
B. It is the world’s first earthquake predictor.
C. It showed where the earthquake occured.
D. It inspired earthquake research in Europe.
答案
46. C 47. A 48. B 49. A 50. C
解析
【分析】
这是一篇关于东汉张衡地动仪的阅读理解题，共5道选择题，需结合文章内容逐一分析：
1. 第46题：定位第一段梳理引入方式，先陈述“20世纪才明确地震成因，古代中国已有测地震仪器且北京国博有其模型”的事实，再用问句提问，对应选项C；
2. 第47题：定位第三段最后一句，找到东汉前人们对地震的看法，对应选项A；
3. 第48题：结合第四段地动仪工作原理，推断划线词含义，对应选项B；
4. 第49题：定位第五段，明确134年地震例子的作用，对应选项A；
5. 第50题：定位第四段，找到地动仪的功能描述，对应选项C。
【解析】
46. 第一段先陈述“20世纪才明确地震由板块运动引起，古代中国已有测地震仪器且北京国博有其模型”的事实，再用“Did you know a model of it is on display at the National Museum of China in Beijing?”提问，因此引入主题的方式是提及事实并提问，故选C。
47. 根据第三段最后一句“People at the time believed that earthquakes were a sign of Heaven’s anger.”可知，东汉前人们认为地震是上天愤怒的迹象，即上天的惩罚，故选A。
48. 结合第四段地动仪的工作原理（地震时对应方向的龙张嘴，铜球落入下方蟾蜍嘴），第五段中龙“expelled”球后发生地震，可推断该词意为“把某物从嘴里逼出（吐出）”，故选B。
49. 第五段举134年龙吐球后甘肃地震的例子，是为了证明地动仪能够准确测出地震的方向，即完成其设计功能，故选A。
50. 根据第四段“so that people could find out the direction of an earthquake.”可知，地动仪的作用是显示地震发生的地方，故选C。
【答案】
46.C 47.A 48.B 49.A 50.C
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断）
【点评】
本题围绕中国古代科技成果地动仪展开，考查学生对文章细节的定位、词义猜测及推理判断能力，整体难度适中，需学生仔细阅读文章找准对应信息即可解题。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇关于东汉张衡地动仪的阅读理解题，共5道选择题，需结合文章内容逐一分析：
1. 第46题：定位第一段梳理引入方式，先陈述“20世纪才明确地震成因，古代中国已有测地震仪器且北京国博有其模型”的事实，再用问句提问，对应选项C；
2. 第47题：定位第三段最后一句，找到东汉前人们对地震的看法，对应选项A；
3. 第48题：结合第四段地动仪工作原理，推断划线词含义，对应选项B；
4. 第49题：定位第五段，明确134年地震例子的作用，对应选项A；
5. 第50题：定位第四段，找到地动仪的功能描述，对应选项C。
【解析】
46. 第一段先陈述“20世纪才明确地震由板块运动引起，古代中国已有测地震仪器且北京国博有其模型”的事实，再用“Did you know a model of it is on display at the National Museum of China in Beijing?”提问，因此引入主题的方式是提及事实并提问，故选C。
47. 根据第三段最后一句“People at the time believed that earthquakes were a sign of Heaven’s anger.”可知，东汉前人们认为地震是上天愤怒的迹象，即上天的惩罚，故选A。
48. 结合第四段地动仪的工作原理（地震时对应方向的龙张嘴，铜球落入下方蟾蜍嘴），第五段中龙“expelled”球后发生地震，可推断该词意为“把某物从嘴里逼出（吐出）”，故选B。
49. 第五段举134年龙吐球后甘肃地震的例子，是为了证明地动仪能够准确测出地震的方向，即完成其设计功能，故选A。
50. 根据第四段“so that people could find out the direction of an earthquake.”可知，地动仪的作用是显示地震发生的地方，故选C。
【答案】
46.C 47.A 48.B 49.A 50.C
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断）
【点评】
本题围绕中国古代科技成果地动仪展开，考查学生对文章细节的定位、词义猜测及推理判断能力，整体难度适中，需学生仔细阅读文章找准对应信息即可解题。
【难度系数】
0.6
