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四、阅读理解。
主题群:自然生态 子主题:热爱与敬畏自然 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
As we all know, the desert covers large areas of the earth. In the desert, there is very little rain and it is very hot during the day and so cold at night. If you are a hiker who wants to cross the desert, it might be wise to know what you should do in order to survive in the desert.
Try to find water in the desert. If you find a small piece of land where the earth is wet, dig deep inside to look for water. Another method of getting water is to cover a green plant with a plastic bag. As it breathes, water vapour will collect inside the bag. Little by little, you can collect enough water to drink.
Plan to travel at night and sleep during the day if you find you have to stay in the desert for a period of time. If you can find any shade in the desert, use it as a shelter(遮蔽物) to protect you from the strong sunlight.
Wear clothing in light colour. You'll be cooler if you wear that kind of clothes, which can help your body become cool and protect you from sunburn(晒伤).
Prepare to signal(示意) to planes passing overhead if you are caught in the desert. During the day, make a smoky fire and at night, keep a bright fire burning. Spell out "SOS" on the ground, using whatever materials you can find. In this way, you are more likely to be saved.
1. In the desert we sleep during the day in order to .
A. get some water
B. keep away from the dangerous animals
C. walk fast across the desert
D. protect ourselves from the strong sunlight
2. What can we infer from the passage?
A. We can't find any shade as a shelter.
B. It's better to wear a white coat than a black one.
C. We shouldn't travel at night because we can't see clearly.
D. If you are in trouble, you should make a smoky fire at night.
3. What is the best title for the passage?
A. How to survive in the desert
B. What's the weather like in the desert?
C. What should we wear in the desert?
D. Ways to enjoy ourselves in the desert
主题群:自然生态 子主题:热爱与敬畏自然 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
As we all know, the desert covers large areas of the earth. In the desert, there is very little rain and it is very hot during the day and so cold at night. If you are a hiker who wants to cross the desert, it might be wise to know what you should do in order to survive in the desert.
Try to find water in the desert. If you find a small piece of land where the earth is wet, dig deep inside to look for water. Another method of getting water is to cover a green plant with a plastic bag. As it breathes, water vapour will collect inside the bag. Little by little, you can collect enough water to drink.
Plan to travel at night and sleep during the day if you find you have to stay in the desert for a period of time. If you can find any shade in the desert, use it as a shelter(遮蔽物) to protect you from the strong sunlight.
Wear clothing in light colour. You'll be cooler if you wear that kind of clothes, which can help your body become cool and protect you from sunburn(晒伤).
Prepare to signal(示意) to planes passing overhead if you are caught in the desert. During the day, make a smoky fire and at night, keep a bright fire burning. Spell out "SOS" on the ground, using whatever materials you can find. In this way, you are more likely to be saved.
1. In the desert we sleep during the day in order to .
A. get some water
B. keep away from the dangerous animals
C. walk fast across the desert
D. protect ourselves from the strong sunlight
2. What can we infer from the passage?
A. We can't find any shade as a shelter.
B. It's better to wear a white coat than a black one.
C. We shouldn't travel at night because we can't see clearly.
D. If you are in trouble, you should make a smoky fire at night.
3. What is the best title for the passage?
A. How to survive in the desert
B. What's the weather like in the desert?
C. What should we wear in the desert?
D. Ways to enjoy ourselves in the desert
答案
1. D
2. B
3. A 标题概括题。通读全文，尤其是根据“If you are a hiker who wants to cross the desert, it might be wise to know what you should do in order to survive in the desert.”可知，本文主要讲述了如何在沙漠中生存。
2. B
3. A 标题概括题。通读全文，尤其是根据“If you are a hiker who wants to cross the desert, it might be wise to know what you should do in order to survive in the desert.”可知，本文主要讲述了如何在沙漠中生存。
解析
【分析】
本题为说明文阅读理解题，包含细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意三类题型。解题时需先通读全文把握核心内容，再针对各小题定位原文对应段落，逐一分析选项排除错误答案，最终选出正确选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据文章第三段“Plan to travel at night and sleep during the day... use it as a shelter to protect you from the strong sunlight”可知，白天睡觉是为了避开强烈阳光，对应选项D。
2. 推理判断题：A选项与第三段“find any shade in the desert, use it as a shelter”矛盾；B选项对应第四段“Wear clothing in light colour. You'll be cooler”，浅色（如白色）比深色（如黑色）更合适，正确；C选项与第三段“travel at night”矛盾；D选项与第五段“During the day, make a smoky fire and at night, keep a bright fire burning”矛盾，故选B。
3. 主旨大意题：文章第一段最后一句“If you are a hiker who wants to cross the desert, it might be wise to know what you should do in order to survive in the desert”点明核心，全文围绕沙漠生存的方法展开，对应选项A。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.A
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、主旨概括
【点评】
本文主题明确，围绕沙漠生存展开，题目覆盖阅读理解核心题型，考查学生信息定位、推理及概括能力，难度适中，符合初中英语阅读考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为说明文阅读理解题，包含细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意三类题型。解题时需先通读全文把握核心内容，再针对各小题定位原文对应段落，逐一分析选项排除错误答案，最终选出正确选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据文章第三段“Plan to travel at night and sleep during the day... use it as a shelter to protect you from the strong sunlight”可知，白天睡觉是为了避开强烈阳光，对应选项D。
2. 推理判断题：A选项与第三段“find any shade in the desert, use it as a shelter”矛盾；B选项对应第四段“Wear clothing in light colour. You'll be cooler”，浅色（如白色）比深色（如黑色）更合适，正确；C选项与第三段“travel at night”矛盾；D选项与第五段“During the day, make a smoky fire and at night, keep a bright fire burning”矛盾，故选B。
3. 主旨大意题：文章第一段最后一句“If you are a hiker who wants to cross the desert, it might be wise to know what you should do in order to survive in the desert”点明核心，全文围绕沙漠生存的方法展开，对应选项A。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.A
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、主旨概括
【点评】
本文主题明确，围绕沙漠生存展开，题目覆盖阅读理解核心题型，考查学生信息定位、推理及概括能力，难度适中，符合初中英语阅读考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.6
