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四、阅读表达
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
体裁：记叙文 主题：著名人物 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：8 min 正确率： /5
Small, sweet, and a little gritty as it melts on the tongue—in the childhood memories of many Chinese people lies such a “sugar pill”. But it was never just a piece of candy.
The story goes back to the 1950s. At that time, polio(小儿麻痹症) was spreading quickly across China. The disease was highly contagious(传染性的) and mainly affected young children. Many lost their lives, and those who survived were often left with lifelong disabilities. For a time, the word “polio” alone was enough to fill people with fear.
In 1957, Gu Fangzhou, a 31-year-old virologist, was tasked with developing China’s own polio vaccine(疫苗). At the time, other countries mainly used two types of vaccines. The first used inactivated viruses. It was safer, but it was expensive and less effective. The second was made from live weakened viruses. It offered stronger protection and cost only about one-thousandth as much. However, its safety had not been fully proven.
In the 1950s, most Chinese families were poor. An expensive vaccine was simply out of reach. Gu chose the second, riskier path. After years of hard work, he and his team finally produced a live polio vaccine in 1960. Gu volunteered to test it on himself and it turned out to be safe. Then, to prove the vaccine’s safety for children, he let his one-year-old son get vaccinated. Gu said it would be unfair to ask other families to take a risk he would not take himself. Thankfully, nothing serious happened.
By the end of that year, the vaccine had been rolled out in 11 Chinese cities. But a new problem soon arose: The vaccine had to be kept cold to stay effective. As a result, it was difficult to send it to remote(偏远的) places. Besides, children disliked the vaccine because it tasted awful.
One day, Gu saw his son eagerly reaching for candy. A light bulb went off in his mind: 4 He acted on the idea at once. A year later, live polio vaccines in the form of sugar pills were born. They tasted better and, more importantly, could stay effective at room temperature for about five days. This way, more places could benefit from the vaccine.
1. What harm could polio cause to young children?
2. Why did Gu Fangzhou choose to develop a live polio vaccine?
3. Why did Gu test the vaccine on himself and then his son?
4. Complete the sentence with a proper idea according to the passage.
5. Based on Gu’s story, what qualities do you think one should have to become a medical scientist?
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
体裁：记叙文 主题：著名人物 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：8 min 正确率： /5
Small, sweet, and a little gritty as it melts on the tongue—in the childhood memories of many Chinese people lies such a “sugar pill”. But it was never just a piece of candy.
The story goes back to the 1950s. At that time, polio(小儿麻痹症) was spreading quickly across China. The disease was highly contagious(传染性的) and mainly affected young children. Many lost their lives, and those who survived were often left with lifelong disabilities. For a time, the word “polio” alone was enough to fill people with fear.
In 1957, Gu Fangzhou, a 31-year-old virologist, was tasked with developing China’s own polio vaccine(疫苗). At the time, other countries mainly used two types of vaccines. The first used inactivated viruses. It was safer, but it was expensive and less effective. The second was made from live weakened viruses. It offered stronger protection and cost only about one-thousandth as much. However, its safety had not been fully proven.
In the 1950s, most Chinese families were poor. An expensive vaccine was simply out of reach. Gu chose the second, riskier path. After years of hard work, he and his team finally produced a live polio vaccine in 1960. Gu volunteered to test it on himself and it turned out to be safe. Then, to prove the vaccine’s safety for children, he let his one-year-old son get vaccinated. Gu said it would be unfair to ask other families to take a risk he would not take himself. Thankfully, nothing serious happened.
By the end of that year, the vaccine had been rolled out in 11 Chinese cities. But a new problem soon arose: The vaccine had to be kept cold to stay effective. As a result, it was difficult to send it to remote(偏远的) places. Besides, children disliked the vaccine because it tasted awful.
One day, Gu saw his son eagerly reaching for candy. A light bulb went off in his mind: 4 He acted on the idea at once. A year later, live polio vaccines in the form of sugar pills were born. They tasted better and, more importantly, could stay effective at room temperature for about five days. This way, more places could benefit from the vaccine.
1. What harm could polio cause to young children?
2. Why did Gu Fangzhou choose to develop a live polio vaccine?
3. Why did Gu test the vaccine on himself and then his son?
4. Complete the sentence with a proper idea according to the passage.
5. Based on Gu’s story, what qualities do you think one should have to become a medical scientist?
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了病毒学家顾方舟为攻克小儿麻痹症，历经艰难研发糖丸疫苗，守护千万中国儿童健康的故事。
1. Many young children/They lost their lives, and those who survived were often left with lifelong disabilities. 根据第二段“Many lost their lives, and those who survived were often left with lifelong disabilities.”可知小儿麻痹症会造成儿童死亡，幸存者也会落下终身残疾。
2. Because it offered stronger protection and cost only about one-thousandth as much(，which was suitable for most poor Chinese families at that time.) 根据第三段“The second was made from live weakened viruses. It offered stronger protection and cost only about one-thousandth as much.”和第四段“In the 1950s, most Chinese families were poor. An expensive vaccine was simply out of reach.”可知减毒活疫苗防护更强、价格极低，适合当时贫困的国情。
3. Because he thought it would be unfair to ask other families to take a risk he would not take himself. 根据第四段“Gu said it would be unfair to ask other families to take a risk he would not take himself.”可知顾方舟认为让别人承担自己不愿承担的风险不公平。
4. Why not turn the vaccine into a sugar pill? /Why don't we make candy-like sugar pills? 根据第五段“The vaccine had to be kept cold to stay effective ... children disliked the vaccine because it tasted awful.”和最后一段“One day, Gu saw his son eagerly reaching for candy.”“He acted on the idea at once ... live polio vaccines in the form of sugar pills were born.”可知疫苗口感差、需要冷藏，而孩子喜欢糖果，由此想到把疫苗做成糖丸，兼顾口感与常温储存的需求。
5. One should be responsible, brave, selfless, creative, and hard-working.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
1. Many young children/They lost their lives, and those who survived were often left with lifelong disabilities. 根据第二段“Many lost their lives, and those who survived were often left with lifelong disabilities.”可知小儿麻痹症会造成儿童死亡，幸存者也会落下终身残疾。
2. Because it offered stronger protection and cost only about one-thousandth as much(，which was suitable for most poor Chinese families at that time.) 根据第三段“The second was made from live weakened viruses. It offered stronger protection and cost only about one-thousandth as much.”和第四段“In the 1950s, most Chinese families were poor. An expensive vaccine was simply out of reach.”可知减毒活疫苗防护更强、价格极低，适合当时贫困的国情。
3. Because he thought it would be unfair to ask other families to take a risk he would not take himself. 根据第四段“Gu said it would be unfair to ask other families to take a risk he would not take himself.”可知顾方舟认为让别人承担自己不愿承担的风险不公平。
4. Why not turn the vaccine into a sugar pill? /Why don't we make candy-like sugar pills? 根据第五段“The vaccine had to be kept cold to stay effective ... children disliked the vaccine because it tasted awful.”和最后一段“One day, Gu saw his son eagerly reaching for candy.”“He acted on the idea at once ... live polio vaccines in the form of sugar pills were born.”可知疫苗口感差、需要冷藏，而孩子喜欢糖果，由此想到把疫苗做成糖丸，兼顾口感与常温储存的需求。
5. One should be responsible, brave, selfless, creative, and hard-working.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
