一、根据句意，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。
print position sail direct war
1. Xiao Ming runs fast so that he can get a good to see his favorite model.
2. The book sold well and was in the thousands.
3. People all over the world love peace and hate .
4. In ancient China, on the ship often used the compass for sailing.
5. In ancient times, people found the at night by watching stars in the sky.

1. position 2. printed 3. war
4. sailors 5. direction

【分析】
本题为选词填空题型，需先明确方框内单词的词义与词性，再结合句子语境、语法规则（如被动语态、名词单复数等）选择合适单词并变形。解题思路：1. 梳理方框单词（print、position、sail、direct、war）的含义及词性；2. 通读每个句子，判断空格处所需的词性、词义；3. 对所选单词进行正确形式转换；4. 代入验证句意通顺。
【解析】
1. 句意：小明跑得快，为了能获得好的位置看他最喜欢的模型。空格处需名词，position（位置）符合语境，故填position。
2. 句意：这本书销量好，被印刷了成千上万本。此处为被动语态，需用print的过去分词printed，故填printed。
3. 句意：全世界人民热爱和平，讨厌战争。war（战争）与peace对应，符合语境，故填war。
4. 句意：古代中国，船上的水手常使用指南针航海。sail对应的名词“水手”为sailor，此处表泛指用复数sailors，故填sailors。
5. 句意：古代人们晚上通过看星星找方向。direct的名词形式direction（方向）符合语境，故填direction。
【答案】
1. position 2. printed 3. war 4. sailors 5. direction
【知识点】
名词词义辨析、动词的被动语态、选词填空
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇的词义理解与形式转换，结合语境即可完成填空，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6

二、根据中文意思完成句子。
1. 中国的四大发明加速了人类社会的发展。
The four great inventions of ancient China human society.
2. 中国的农业如今处于世界领先地位。
Nowadays, China’s agriculture in the world.
3. 他们将在今年年底完成这项工作。
They will finish the work this year.
4. 哥伦布在1492年发现北美洲。
North America Columbus in 1492.
5. 据说神农偶然发现了茶。
It is said that Shen Nong discovered tea .

1. speed up the development of
2. holds a leading position
3. at the end of 4. was discovered by
5. by accident

【分析】本题为根据中文意思完成句子，需结合中文含义匹配对应的英语固定短语，同时注意句子的时态、语态及主谓一致等语法规则。具体思路：1. 对应“加速...的发展”查找固定短语；2. 对应“处于领先地位”需注意主谓一致；3. 对应“在...年底”匹配介词短语；4. 对应“被发现”使用被动语态；5. 对应“偶然”查找固定短语。
【解析】1. 中文“加速了人类社会的发展”，固定短语为speed up the development of，主语为复数，故填该短语；2. 中文“处于世界领先地位”，固定短语为hold a leading position，主语agriculture为单数且为一般现在时，故填holds a leading position；3. 中文“在今年年底”，固定介词短语为at the end of，故填该短语；4. 中文“被哥伦布发现”，需用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+过去分词，故填was discovered by；5. 中文“偶然”，固定短语为by accident，故填该短语。
【答案】1. speed up the development of 2. holds a leading position 3. at the end of 4. was discovered by 5. by accident
【知识点】固定短语搭配、被动语态、介词短语
【点评】本题主要考查英语常用固定表达及基础语法，难度适中，属于基础题型，学生只要平时积累相关短语和语法知识即可正确作答。
【难度系数】0.6

三、完形填空。
阅读短文，从A、B 、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
There was a great inventor named Gongshu Ban in ancient China. He was born in 507 BCE in China, known as a great Chinese craftsman (工匠). And there are many 1 about him and his inventions.
It is said that once he was cutting down trees on a mountain, his hand was cut by the 2 of a wild plant. He 3 a leaf and touched it with his hands. He found there were sharp teeth on both sides of the leaf. His hand was just hurt by these small teeth. He was 4 and then an idea came into his mind, "If I have a tool with such teeth, it will be 5 in cutting down trees!" After that, he tried to 6 a tool like the leaves of the wild plant. And everyone in the village supported him a lot. 7, he made it with his neighbors' help. It was a great pleasure that the tool improved the work efficiency (效率). The news 8 all over the State of Lu quickly. This tool is just the saw (锯) we use in our daily life. He invented even more tools that people still use today. People loved him very much and called him Lu Ban kindly because of his 9, the State of Lu.
In fact, the name Lu Ban has already become a 10 of the wisdom of the ancient working people. And he is also the pride of Chinese people.
()1. A. novels B. poems
C. songs D. stories
()2. A. flowers B. leaves
C. grass D. sticks
()3. A. picked up B. put up
C. tidied up D. took up
()4. A. brave B. shy
C. surprised D. tired
()5. A. careful B. helpful
C. thankful D. harmful
()6. A. break B. discover
C. invent D. use
()7. A. Certainly B. Luckily
C. Quickly D. Finally
()8. A. raised B. spread
C. happened D. increased
()9. A. hometown B. family
C. factory D. house
()10. A. tradition B. challenge
C. symbol D. memory

1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C
5. B 句意为“如果我有一个那样带齿的工具，这将会对伐树很有帮助”。
6. C 句意为“从那以后，他就尝试发明一种像那种野生植物的叶子一样的工具”。
7. D 8. B 9. A
10. C 句意为“实际上，鲁班这个名字已经成为古代劳动人民智慧的象征”。

【分析】
做完形填空需先通读全文把握主旨（本文讲述鲁班发明锯的故事），再结合每个空格的上下文语境、词汇词义辨析及固定搭配逐一分析选项，选出最符合文意的答案。需重点关注前后文的呼应关系，如第2空由后文的“leaf”可锁定答案，第10空需结合“智慧的象征”这一固定表述来判断。
【解析】
1. 考查名词辨析：句意是有很多关于鲁班和他发明的故事，A小说、B诗歌、C歌曲均不符合语境，选D（故事）。
2. 考查名词辨析：后文提到“leaf”，可知是被野生植物的叶子割伤，A花、C草、D树枝不符合，选B（叶子）。
3. 考查动词短语：句意是他捡起一片叶子触摸，A捡起、B张贴、C整理、D占据中，只有“picked up”符合动作逻辑，选A。
4. 考查形容词辨析：发现叶子有齿割伤手，他感到惊讶，A勇敢、B害羞、D疲惫不符合情绪，选C（惊讶）。
5. 考查形容词辨析：带齿的工具对砍树有帮助，A小心的、C感激的、D有害的不符合句意，选B（有帮助的）。
6. 考查动词辨析：鲁班尝试发明像叶子的工具，A打破、B发现、D使用不符合“发明新工具”的语境，选C（发明）。
7. 考查副词辨析：在邻居帮助下最终成功，A当然、B幸运地、C快速地不符合“最终达成”的逻辑，选D（最终）。
8. 考查动词辨析：消息传遍鲁国，A举起、C发生、D增加不符合“传播”的含义，选B（传播）。
9. 考查名词辨析：鲁国是鲁班的家乡，B家庭、C工厂、D房子不符合语境，选A（家乡）。
10. 考查名词辨析：鲁班成为古代劳动人民智慧的象征，A传统、B挑战、D记忆不符合“象征”的固定表述，选C（象征）。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.C
【知识点】
完形填空、词义辨析、语境理解
【点评】
本文是关于中国古代发明家鲁班发明锯的记叙文，考查学生对上下文语境的理解及常用词汇的辨析运用，贴近学生认知，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6