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Ⅳ. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Last summer, some of our school students visited Mount Green, known for its white clouds and blue 1.
At the foot of the mountain, we saw the 2 beautiful lake in my hometown. But litter was 3 around, spoiling (破坏) the view. Then a kind traveller came and 4 helping out. We 5 a simple plan: pick up litter, plant trees and protect the animals like wild rabbits.
We worked hard and soon more travellers and 6 studying the lake there joined us. Finally, the 7 around the lake looked clean again. We felt 8 of our work.
After our clean-up, we went to a museum to see an 9 on protecting nature. The 10 at Mount Green taught me that we can work together to keep our home healthy.
1. A. night B. sky C. land D. wood
2. A. most B. best C. better D. more
3. A. resting B. placing C. lying D. standing
4. A. suggested B. advised C. ordered D. asked
5. A. spoke B. developed C. left D. beat
6. A. cooks B. singers C. dancers D. scientists
7. A. land B. sea C. yard D. museum
8. A. surprised B. worried C. proud D. polite
9. A. art room B. island C. exhibition D. area
10. A. tour B. wood C. field D. surface
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Last summer, some of our school students visited Mount Green, known for its white clouds and blue 1.
At the foot of the mountain, we saw the 2 beautiful lake in my hometown. But litter was 3 around, spoiling (破坏) the view. Then a kind traveller came and 4 helping out. We 5 a simple plan: pick up litter, plant trees and protect the animals like wild rabbits.
We worked hard and soon more travellers and 6 studying the lake there joined us. Finally, the 7 around the lake looked clean again. We felt 8 of our work.
After our clean-up, we went to a museum to see an 9 on protecting nature. The 10 at Mount Green taught me that we can work together to keep our home healthy.
1. A. night B. sky C. land D. wood
2. A. most B. best C. better D. more
3. A. resting B. placing C. lying D. standing
4. A. suggested B. advised C. ordered D. asked
5. A. spoke B. developed C. left D. beat
6. A. cooks B. singers C. dancers D. scientists
7. A. land B. sea C. yard D. museum
8. A. surprised B. worried C. proud D. polite
9. A. art room B. island C. exhibition D. area
10. A. tour B. wood C. field D. surface
答案
Ⅳ. 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.A
解析
【分析】
做完形填空首先要先通读全文，理清文章主旨：本文讲述了去年夏天作者和同学们游览青山时，发现湖边散落垃圾，便和其他游客、相关工作人员一起清理环境、保护自然的经历，传递了携手守护家园的环保理念。解题时逐空结合上下文语境、词义辨析、固定搭配三个维度逐一比对选项，排除不符合语境、搭配错误的选项，就能选出最佳答案。
【解析】
1. 第1空：青山以白云和蓝天闻名，blue sky是常用搭配，A.夜晚、C.陆地、D.木头均不符合山的知名景观的语境，选B。
2. 第2空：句中出现定冠词the，限定范围是in my hometown（在我的家乡），要用形容词最高级，the most beautiful表示“最美丽的”，是多音节形容词的最高级正确形式，B. best不能直接修饰beautiful，C. better是比较级，D. more不能直接加多音节形容词原形构成最高级，选A。
3. 第3空：句意为垃圾四处散落破坏景观，lie around是固定表达，可表示物品随意散落的状态，A.休息、B.放置（需用被动形式）、D.站立均不符合垃圾的状态，选C。
4. 第4空：后面直接接动名词helping，只有suggest符合suggest doing sth“建议做某事”的固定搭配，advise的用法是advise sb. to do sth.，order意为命令，ask的用法是ask to do/ask sb. to do sth.，均不符合搭配，选A。
5. 第5空：句意为我们制定出了一个简单的计划，develop a plan是固定搭配表示“制定、完善计划”，A.说、C.离开、D.击打均不符合语境，选B。
6. 第6空：对应后置定语“研究这片湖泊的人”，只有D.科学家符合身份，A.厨师、B.歌手、C.舞者都不符合研究湖泊的设定，选D。
7. 第7空：句意为湖周边的区域重新变干净，这里指代湖边的陆地，B.大海、C.院子、D.博物馆都不符合湖边的场景，选A。
8. 第8空：feel proud of是固定搭配，意为“为……感到骄傲自豪”，符合我们完成清理工作后的心情，A.惊讶的、B.担心的、D.礼貌的均不符合语境，选C。
9. 第9空：在博物馆里观看的和自然保护相关的内容，对应C.展览，A.美术室、B.岛屿、D.区域都不符合博物馆内的事物设定，选C。
10. 第10空：全文围绕这次青山出行游览的经历展开，这里指代这次旅行教会作者道理，B.木头、C.田野、D.表面均不符合语境，选A。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.A
【知识点】
1. 形容词最高级
2. 动词固定搭配
3. 语境逻辑推理
【点评】
本题是主题贴近学生日常出行经历的记叙文类完形填空，考点均为初中英语核心词汇的基础词义和常用搭配，没有生僻考点，学生只要先通读全文把握环保主题的主线，结合上下文的线索提示就能顺利选出正确答案，同时题目也渗透了生态保护的正向价值引导。
【难度系数】
0.8
做完形填空首先要先通读全文，理清文章主旨：本文讲述了去年夏天作者和同学们游览青山时，发现湖边散落垃圾，便和其他游客、相关工作人员一起清理环境、保护自然的经历，传递了携手守护家园的环保理念。解题时逐空结合上下文语境、词义辨析、固定搭配三个维度逐一比对选项，排除不符合语境、搭配错误的选项，就能选出最佳答案。
【解析】
1. 第1空：青山以白云和蓝天闻名，blue sky是常用搭配，A.夜晚、C.陆地、D.木头均不符合山的知名景观的语境，选B。
2. 第2空：句中出现定冠词the，限定范围是in my hometown（在我的家乡），要用形容词最高级，the most beautiful表示“最美丽的”，是多音节形容词的最高级正确形式，B. best不能直接修饰beautiful，C. better是比较级，D. more不能直接加多音节形容词原形构成最高级，选A。
3. 第3空：句意为垃圾四处散落破坏景观，lie around是固定表达，可表示物品随意散落的状态，A.休息、B.放置（需用被动形式）、D.站立均不符合垃圾的状态，选C。
4. 第4空：后面直接接动名词helping，只有suggest符合suggest doing sth“建议做某事”的固定搭配，advise的用法是advise sb. to do sth.，order意为命令，ask的用法是ask to do/ask sb. to do sth.，均不符合搭配，选A。
5. 第5空：句意为我们制定出了一个简单的计划，develop a plan是固定搭配表示“制定、完善计划”，A.说、C.离开、D.击打均不符合语境，选B。
6. 第6空：对应后置定语“研究这片湖泊的人”，只有D.科学家符合身份，A.厨师、B.歌手、C.舞者都不符合研究湖泊的设定，选D。
7. 第7空：句意为湖周边的区域重新变干净，这里指代湖边的陆地，B.大海、C.院子、D.博物馆都不符合湖边的场景，选A。
8. 第8空：feel proud of是固定搭配，意为“为……感到骄傲自豪”，符合我们完成清理工作后的心情，A.惊讶的、B.担心的、D.礼貌的均不符合语境，选C。
9. 第9空：在博物馆里观看的和自然保护相关的内容，对应C.展览，A.美术室、B.岛屿、D.区域都不符合博物馆内的事物设定，选C。
10. 第10空：全文围绕这次青山出行游览的经历展开，这里指代这次旅行教会作者道理，B.木头、C.田野、D.表面均不符合语境，选A。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.A
【知识点】
1. 形容词最高级
2. 动词固定搭配
3. 语境逻辑推理
【点评】
本题是主题贴近学生日常出行经历的记叙文类完形填空，考点均为初中英语核心词汇的基础词义和常用搭配，没有生僻考点，学生只要先通读全文把握环保主题的主线，结合上下文的线索提示就能顺利选出正确答案，同时题目也渗透了生态保护的正向价值引导。
【难度系数】
0.8
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
阅读下面的材料，从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The North Pole, the farthest north point on Earth, is very cold and icy. However, it faces some challenges.
One problem is that the world is getting warmer. As the Earth temperature (温度) is rising, the ice there is melting (融化). This can make the sea level rise, which is bad for places near the sea.
Another problem is pollution. Bad things from faraway places can reach the North Pole and hurt the animals there. For example, some birds and animals may eat plastic trash carried by winds and ocean flows (洋流).
The North Pole is home to many special creatures (生物) such as polar bears and seals. But as the ice melts, their homes are disappearing. This makes it difficult for them to find food and stay alive.
We must take care of the North Pole. Burning less oil and gas, and reusing more can help cut down pollution and slow down the world from getting warmer. Let's work together to achieve this goal.
1. What is the North Pole like?
A. Very hot. B. Full of trees.
C. Very cold and icy. D. Like a big city.
2. What happens to the ice at the North Pole as the Earth gets warm?
A. It is growing bigger. B. It stays the same.
C. It is melting. D. It turns into gold.
3. Another problem of the North Pole is .
A. too much sunlight B. pollution
C. too many people D. no animals
4. How can we help the North Pole?
A. Use more plastic bottles. B. Cut down more trees.
C. Throw more waste paper. D. Reuse things and save energy.
5. Which of the following may be one of the reasons to protect the North Pole?
A. It's not far away. B. The view is the most beautiful.
C. It's getting warmer too fast. D. It has many special animals.
阅读下面的材料，从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The North Pole, the farthest north point on Earth, is very cold and icy. However, it faces some challenges.
One problem is that the world is getting warmer. As the Earth temperature (温度) is rising, the ice there is melting (融化). This can make the sea level rise, which is bad for places near the sea.
Another problem is pollution. Bad things from faraway places can reach the North Pole and hurt the animals there. For example, some birds and animals may eat plastic trash carried by winds and ocean flows (洋流).
The North Pole is home to many special creatures (生物) such as polar bears and seals. But as the ice melts, their homes are disappearing. This makes it difficult for them to find food and stay alive.
We must take care of the North Pole. Burning less oil and gas, and reusing more can help cut down pollution and slow down the world from getting warmer. Let's work together to achieve this goal.
1. What is the North Pole like?
A. Very hot. B. Full of trees.
C. Very cold and icy. D. Like a big city.
2. What happens to the ice at the North Pole as the Earth gets warm?
A. It is growing bigger. B. It stays the same.
C. It is melting. D. It turns into gold.
3. Another problem of the North Pole is .
A. too much sunlight B. pollution
C. too many people D. no animals
4. How can we help the North Pole?
A. Use more plastic bottles. B. Cut down more trees.
C. Throw more waste paper. D. Reuse things and save energy.
5. Which of the following may be one of the reasons to protect the North Pole?
A. It's not far away. B. The view is the most beautiful.
C. It's getting warmer too fast. D. It has many special animals.
答案
Ⅴ. 1.C 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.C
解析
【分析】
这是一篇环保主题的阅读理解题，全部为细节类题型，解题时首先可以先浏览所有题干，划出每道题的核心关键词，之后带着问题回到原文对应段落定位相关语句，将选项和原文内容逐一比对，排除明显不符合原文的错误选项，就能快速选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段第一句"The North Pole, the farthest north point on Earth, is very cold and icy."，可知北极的特点是极度寒冷、被冰覆盖，对应选项C，其余选项A非常炎热、B遍布树木、D像一座大城市均不符合原文描述，故选C。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段第二句"As the Earth temperature (温度) is rising, the ice there is melting (融化)."，可知随着地球变暖，北极的冰正在融化，对应选项C，其余选项A体积变大、B保持不变、D变成黄金均不符合原文内容，故选C。
3. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段第一句"Another problem is pollution."，可知北极面临的另一个问题是污染，对应选项B，其余选项A阳光过多、C人口过多、D没有动物均和原文表述相悖，故选B。
4. 细节理解题：根据原文最后一段"Burning less oil and gas, and reusing more can help cut down pollution and slow down the world from getting warmer."，可知少燃烧油气、重复利用物品属于节约能源、减少污染的正确做法，对应选项D，其余选项A多用塑料瓶、B砍伐更多树木、C丢弃更多废纸都是破坏环境的错误行为，故选D。
5. 细节理解题：结合全文内容，北极变暖速度过快导致冰川融化、海平面上升、极地动物栖息地消失等一系列严重生态问题，这是我们需要保护北极的核心原因，对应选项C，其余选项A北极距离不远、B北极风景是最美的原文均未提及，D选项“有很多特殊动物”是北极的现状，不是保护北极的核心原因，故选C。
【答案】
1.C 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位；环保主题文本阅读
【点评】
本篇是难度较低的科普类阅读习题，所有题目都可以通过直接定位原文语句得到答案，没有设置复杂的推理类考点，既能够锻炼学生快速从文本中提取关键信息的能力，也能向学生普及北极的生态现状，传递低碳环保的理念。
【难度系数】
0.9
这是一篇环保主题的阅读理解题，全部为细节类题型，解题时首先可以先浏览所有题干，划出每道题的核心关键词，之后带着问题回到原文对应段落定位相关语句，将选项和原文内容逐一比对，排除明显不符合原文的错误选项，就能快速选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段第一句"The North Pole, the farthest north point on Earth, is very cold and icy."，可知北极的特点是极度寒冷、被冰覆盖，对应选项C，其余选项A非常炎热、B遍布树木、D像一座大城市均不符合原文描述，故选C。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段第二句"As the Earth temperature (温度) is rising, the ice there is melting (融化)."，可知随着地球变暖，北极的冰正在融化，对应选项C，其余选项A体积变大、B保持不变、D变成黄金均不符合原文内容，故选C。
3. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段第一句"Another problem is pollution."，可知北极面临的另一个问题是污染，对应选项B，其余选项A阳光过多、C人口过多、D没有动物均和原文表述相悖，故选B。
4. 细节理解题：根据原文最后一段"Burning less oil and gas, and reusing more can help cut down pollution and slow down the world from getting warmer."，可知少燃烧油气、重复利用物品属于节约能源、减少污染的正确做法，对应选项D，其余选项A多用塑料瓶、B砍伐更多树木、C丢弃更多废纸都是破坏环境的错误行为，故选D。
5. 细节理解题：结合全文内容，北极变暖速度过快导致冰川融化、海平面上升、极地动物栖息地消失等一系列严重生态问题，这是我们需要保护北极的核心原因，对应选项C，其余选项A北极距离不远、B北极风景是最美的原文均未提及，D选项“有很多特殊动物”是北极的现状，不是保护北极的核心原因，故选C。
【答案】
1.C 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位；环保主题文本阅读
【点评】
本篇是难度较低的科普类阅读习题，所有题目都可以通过直接定位原文语句得到答案，没有设置复杂的推理类考点，既能够锻炼学生快速从文本中提取关键信息的能力，也能向学生普及北极的生态现状，传递低碳环保的理念。
【难度系数】
0.9
