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六、阅读理解。〔人与社会——人际交往〕
We're all nice to our friends and family members. When they are in need, we help them. If they ask for something, we give it to them.
We should also be kind and polite to strangers. How can we do that? It's easy. If a man drops something, pick it up for him. If a woman is carrying a bag with both hands, open the door for her. When people want to cross the street, stop your bicycle, motorcycle, or car and let them cross.
In some big cities, a few people on the street are rude to each other. They walk around with serious expressions on their faces. Some impolite(无礼的) car drivers don't stop for people crossing the street.
All of these things affect the quality of life in our cities. We need to try harder to treat each other better, like part of a big community. That way, big cities can be like big neighborhoods, with people treating each other like friends and neighbors.
If we can be kind to just a few more people a day, more and more people will be nice to each other. Our cities and towns will be better places. Then everyone will be like one big family.
(
A. By treating strangers well, our cities and lives will improve.
B. Cities are unfriendly places to live.
C. Always open doors for people when they need help.
D. We should be nice to our friends.
(
A. Some visitors.
B. Friends and family members.
C. Strangers.
D. People from other places.
(
A. unsafe driving
B. something to do for friends only
C. a strange thing to do
D. a way to be kind to strangers
(
A. People will get along better.
B. It will be easier to make friends.
C. The quality of life will go down.
D. Nothing will happen.
We're all nice to our friends and family members. When they are in need, we help them. If they ask for something, we give it to them.
We should also be kind and polite to strangers. How can we do that? It's easy. If a man drops something, pick it up for him. If a woman is carrying a bag with both hands, open the door for her. When people want to cross the street, stop your bicycle, motorcycle, or car and let them cross.
In some big cities, a few people on the street are rude to each other. They walk around with serious expressions on their faces. Some impolite(无礼的) car drivers don't stop for people crossing the street.
All of these things affect the quality of life in our cities. We need to try harder to treat each other better, like part of a big community. That way, big cities can be like big neighborhoods, with people treating each other like friends and neighbors.
If we can be kind to just a few more people a day, more and more people will be nice to each other. Our cities and towns will be better places. Then everyone will be like one big family.
(
A
) 1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. By treating strangers well, our cities and lives will improve.
B. Cities are unfriendly places to live.
C. Always open doors for people when they need help.
D. We should be nice to our friends.
(
B
) 2. Who does the underlined word "they" mean in Paragraph 1?A. Some visitors.
B. Friends and family members.
C. Strangers.
D. People from other places.
(
D
) 3. Stopping your car to let people cross the street is an example of a way to be kind to strangers
.A. unsafe driving
B. something to do for friends only
C. a strange thing to do
D. a way to be kind to strangers
(
C
) 4. What will happen when everyone is rude and serious?A. People will get along better.
B. It will be easier to make friends.
C. The quality of life will go down.
D. Nothing will happen.
答案
1~4. ABDC
解析
【分析】
这是一篇人际交往主题的阅读理解，4道题分别对应主旨大意题、词义指代题、细节理解题、推理判断题，解题思路如下：
1. 做主旨题先通读全文梳理核心逻辑：文章先点明我们对亲友友善，进一步提出也要对陌生人友善，最终说明这样做能让城市和整体生活变得更好，逐一排除片面的错误选项即可锁定答案。
2. 词义指代题直接定位划线词所在的第一段，往前追溯前文刚提到的名词内容，就能快速找到指代对象。
3. 细节题定位到举例的第二段，结合段落开头的核心观点，就能判断停车让行的行为对应的属性。
4. 推理判断题定位到描述不友善行为影响的第四段，结合原文给出的因果逻辑，就能推导出所有人都粗鲁严肃带来的后果。
【解析】
1. 第1题：主旨大意题。选项B表述绝对，文章仅提到部分人不礼貌，并非核心主旨；选项C只是文中列举的单个小例子，无法概括全文；选项D仅提到对朋友友善，没有覆盖文章核心的“善待陌生人、改善城市生活”的内容，只有A选项“善待陌生人，我们的城市和生活将会得到提升”完全贴合全文主旨，选A。
2. 第2题：词义指代题。第一段前两句明确表述“We're all nice to our friends and family members. When they are in need, we help them.”，划线的they直接指代前一句提到的朋友和家人，对应选项B。
3. 第3题：细节理解题。第二段开篇就提出“我们也应该对陌生人友善”，后续列举的帮人捡东西、帮开门、停车让行人过马路都是对陌生人表达善意的具体做法，A、B、C的描述均不符合原文逻辑，选D。
4. 第4题：推理判断题。第四段明确说明街头人们互相粗鲁的行为会影响城市的生活质量，可推导出如果人人都粗鲁严肃，生活质量会下降，A、B是待人友善才会出现的结果，D表述不符合原文逻辑，选C。
【答案】
1~4. ABDC
【知识点】
阅读理解主旨题，阅读理解细节题，词义指代辨析
【点评】
本篇阅读难度适中，贴合人际交往的正向价值导向，覆盖了中小学英语阅读最常考的四类基础题型，解题时注意所有选项都要回到原文找对应依据，不要仅凭主观印象选择，能有效提升答题正确率。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇人际交往主题的阅读理解，4道题分别对应主旨大意题、词义指代题、细节理解题、推理判断题，解题思路如下：
1. 做主旨题先通读全文梳理核心逻辑：文章先点明我们对亲友友善，进一步提出也要对陌生人友善，最终说明这样做能让城市和整体生活变得更好，逐一排除片面的错误选项即可锁定答案。
2. 词义指代题直接定位划线词所在的第一段，往前追溯前文刚提到的名词内容，就能快速找到指代对象。
3. 细节题定位到举例的第二段，结合段落开头的核心观点，就能判断停车让行的行为对应的属性。
4. 推理判断题定位到描述不友善行为影响的第四段，结合原文给出的因果逻辑，就能推导出所有人都粗鲁严肃带来的后果。
【解析】
1. 第1题：主旨大意题。选项B表述绝对，文章仅提到部分人不礼貌，并非核心主旨；选项C只是文中列举的单个小例子，无法概括全文；选项D仅提到对朋友友善，没有覆盖文章核心的“善待陌生人、改善城市生活”的内容，只有A选项“善待陌生人，我们的城市和生活将会得到提升”完全贴合全文主旨，选A。
2. 第2题：词义指代题。第一段前两句明确表述“We're all nice to our friends and family members. When they are in need, we help them.”，划线的they直接指代前一句提到的朋友和家人，对应选项B。
3. 第3题：细节理解题。第二段开篇就提出“我们也应该对陌生人友善”，后续列举的帮人捡东西、帮开门、停车让行人过马路都是对陌生人表达善意的具体做法，A、B、C的描述均不符合原文逻辑，选D。
4. 第4题：推理判断题。第四段明确说明街头人们互相粗鲁的行为会影响城市的生活质量，可推导出如果人人都粗鲁严肃，生活质量会下降，A、B是待人友善才会出现的结果，D表述不符合原文逻辑，选C。
【答案】
1~4. ABDC
【知识点】
阅读理解主旨题，阅读理解细节题，词义指代辨析
【点评】
本篇阅读难度适中，贴合人际交往的正向价值导向，覆盖了中小学英语阅读最常考的四类基础题型，解题时注意所有选项都要回到原文找对应依据，不要仅凭主观印象选择，能有效提升答题正确率。
【难度系数】
0.8
