一、根据句意及提示填写单词
1. She learnt the （技艺）of making pottery from her grandmother.
2. They built a model （飞船）for their science project.
3. The （民意调查）helped the school understand what students really need.
4. The bus was so （拥挤的）that I had to wait for the next one.
5. Do you know how to （操作）this washing machine?

1. craft 2. spaceship 3. survey 4. crowded 5. operate

【分析】本题为根据句意及中文提示填写单词的基础题型，解题思路为：先理解每句的语境，再结合括号内的中文释义，匹配对应的英语单词，同时注意单词在句中的形式（如动词原形、形容词等）。具体步骤：1. 确定“技艺”对应的英语名词；2. 匹配“飞船”的英文名词；3. 对应“民意调查”的英文名词；4. 找到“拥挤的”英文形容词；5. 结合“how to”确定“操作”的动词原形。
【解析】1. 句意：她从祖母那里学习制作陶器的技艺，“技艺”对应的英文名词是craft；2. 句意：他们为科学项目制作了模型飞船，“飞船”对应的英文名词是spaceship；3. 句意：这项民意调查帮助学校了解学生的真实需求，“民意调查”对应的英文名词是survey；4. 句意：公交车如此拥挤，我不得不等下一辆，“拥挤的”对应的英文形容词是crowded；5. 句意：你知道怎么操作这台洗衣机吗？“操作”对应的英文动词，且“how to”后接动词原形，故为operate。
【答案】1. craft 2. spaceship 3. survey 4. crowded 5. operate
【知识点】根据句意填单词、英语词汇运用
【点评】本题考察基础英语词汇的识记与运用，题型简单直接，只要掌握常用单词的词义和拼写即可轻松完成，是英语学习中的基础题型。
【难度系数】0.8

二、用方框中所给短语的适当形式完成句子
carry out a survey, rocket launch, come into operation, be crowded with, dream of
1. The new train line will next month.
2. He has always becoming a doctor and saving lives.
3. The parking lot cars, and there was no space left.
4. We decided to to get more information.
5. The successful marked a new milestone for the country's space programme.

1. come into operation 2. dreamt of 3. was crowded with 4. carry out a survey 5. rocket launch

【分析】
解题思路：首先明确方框内各短语的含义；然后分析每个句子的时态、句式结构，结合句意选择匹配的短语；最后根据语法规则调整短语的适当形式（如动词的时态变化、非谓语形式等）。
【解析】
1. 句意：新的火车线将于下个月投入运营。will后接动词原形，短语come into operation意为“投入运营”，符合句意，故填come into operation。
2. 句意：他一直梦想成为一名医生并拯救生命。由助动词has和副词always可知，此处用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，短语dream of意为“梦想”，其过去分词为dreamt，故填dreamt of。
3. 句意：停车场挤满了车，没有空位了。由后半句的was可知，此处用一般过去时，主语the parking lot是单数，be动词用was，短语be crowded with意为“挤满”，故填was crowded with。
4. 句意：我们决定做一项调查来获取更多信息。decide to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”，后接动词原形，短语carry out a survey意为“做调查”，符合句意，故填carry out a survey。
5. 句意：成功的火箭发射标志着该国太空计划的新里程碑。形容词successful后需接名词性成分，短语rocket launch意为“火箭发射”，符合句意，故填rocket launch。
【答案】
1. come into operation 2. dreamt of 3. was crowded with 4. carry out a survey 5. rocket launch
【知识点】
动词短语运用、时态辨析
【点评】
本题考查常用动词短语的适当形式填空，需结合句子时态、句式结构及语境选择合适短语并调整形式，属于基础题型，难度适中，学生掌握短语含义和基本时态用法即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.5

三、阅读理解
On February 21, 2022, US company SpaceX sent 46 satellites into space. Six days later, China sent 22 satellites into space. Why do we need so many satellites? What do they do for us?
At present, there are more than 10, 000 active satellites moving around Earth. Satellites have all kinds of roles, such as sending TV signals, giving you directions on the road and helping scientists with their research. For example, shared bikes that use BeiDou Navigation Satellite System can provide more accurate positions, making them easier to find.
Before satellites, TV signals didn't reach very far. Mountains or tall buildings would block the signals. Phone calls to faraway places were also a problem. Setting up telephone wires over long distances is difficult. With satellites, TV signals and phone calls can be sent directly to a satellite and back down to different places on Earth. SpaceX's Starlink project plans to use satellites to provide people with the internet all over the world.
Satellites can also provide information about clouds, oceans, land and ice. They help scientists with predictions of changes in weather and climate. By watching and checking wildfires and volcanoes, satellites help emergency workers deal with natural disasters. Farmers can use satellite pictures to decide the best time to water their fields.
Some satellites fly near other planets. They may look for water on Mars or take close-up pictures of Saturn's rings. A company even sent a satellite into space to capture images of Earth from orbit and shared the pictures and videos with its users.
()1. When did China send the 22 satellites into space?
A. On February 15, 2022.
B. On February 21, 2022.
C. On February 26, 2022.
D. On February 27, 2022.
()2. What may the underlined word "block" in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Help.
B. Provide.
C. Stop.
D. Change.
()3. What can we know from the passage?
A. People have sent over 10,000 active satellites into space now.
B. Before satellites, making phone calls to faraway places was easy.
C. Satellites help emergency workers with predictions of changes in weather and climate.
D. Starlink has already provided the internet access to all countries in the world.
()4. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To explain how satellites have developed from the past to the present.
B. To describe the different uses and importance of satellites.
C. To compare the number of satellites launched by different countries.
D. To argue that countries should launch more satellites into space.
()5. What is the type of this passage?
A. A notice.
B. A news report.
C. A popular science article.
D. A sci-fi story.

1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C

【分析】
本题为关于卫星用途的英语阅读理解题，需通过定位原文信息、结合语境推测词义、核对细节、归纳主旨及判断文体来解题。第1题需根据时间差计算中国发射卫星的时间；第2题结合上下文推测划线词含义；第3题逐一核对选项与原文细节是否匹配；第4题归纳全文核心内容确定主旨；第5题依据文章内容判断文体类型。
【解析】
1. 第1题：原文提到SpaceX在2022年2月21日发射卫星，六天后中国发射22颗卫星，计算得21+6=27，即2月27日，对应选项D。
2. 第2题：第三段前半句说明卫星出现前电视信号传不远，山或高楼会“阻挡”信号，“block”意为“阻挡”，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：A选项对应原文第二段第一句“At present, there are more than 10,000 active satellites moving around Earth”，表述正确；B选项原文指出“Phone calls to faraway places were also a problem”，与选项中“easy”矛盾；C选项原文说明卫星帮助应对灾害，预测天气是辅助科研，并非直接帮助应急人员预测；D选项原文提到Starlink“plans to provide internet”，是计划而非已实现，故选A。
4. 第4题：全文围绕卫星的各类用途（信号传输、导航、灾害应对、科研等）展开，说明其重要性，对应选项B。
5. 第5题：文章介绍卫星的功能与应用，属于科普类文章，对应选项C。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】
本题考查学生英语阅读的综合能力，需精准定位原文信息、结合语境推理，适合初中阶段学生练习，能帮助巩固阅读技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6