19. (8分)已知$(a - b)^{2} = 15,ab = -\frac{5}{2}$,求$a^{4} + b^{4}$的值.
答案
$\frac{175}{2}$
解析
因为$(a - b)^2 = a^2 - 2ab + b^2$,所以$a^2 + b^2 = (a - b)^2 + 2ab$。
已知$(a - b)^2 = 15$,$ab = -\frac{5}{2}$,则:
$a^2 + b^2 = 15 + 2×(-\frac{5}{2}) = 15 - 5 = 10$。
因为$a^4 + b^4 = (a^2)^2 + (b^2)^2 = (a^2 + b^2)^2 - 2a^2b^2$,且$a^2b^2 = (ab)^2$,所以:
$a^2b^2 = (-\frac{5}{2})^2 = \frac{25}{4}$,
$a^4 + b^4 = 10^2 - 2×\frac{25}{4} = 100 - \frac{25}{2} = \frac{175}{2}$。
已知$(a - b)^2 = 15$,$ab = -\frac{5}{2}$,则:
$a^2 + b^2 = 15 + 2×(-\frac{5}{2}) = 15 - 5 = 10$。
因为$a^4 + b^4 = (a^2)^2 + (b^2)^2 = (a^2 + b^2)^2 - 2a^2b^2$,且$a^2b^2 = (ab)^2$,所以:
$a^2b^2 = (-\frac{5}{2})^2 = \frac{25}{4}$,
$a^4 + b^4 = 10^2 - 2×\frac{25}{4} = 100 - \frac{25}{2} = \frac{175}{2}$。
20. (8分)计算:
(1)$(y - 2x)(y + 2x) + (2x - 3y)^{2}$;
(2)$(a - 2b - 1)(a + 2b - 1)$.
(1)$(y - 2x)(y + 2x) + (2x - 3y)^{2}$;
(2)$(a - 2b - 1)(a + 2b - 1)$.
答案
(1)
$(y - 2x)(y + 2x) + (2x - 3y)^{2}$
$=y^{2} - (2x)^{2} + (4x^{2} - 12xy + 9y^{2})$
$=y^{2} - 4x^{2} + 4x^{2} - 12xy + 9y^{2}$
$=10y^{2} - 12xy$
(2)
$(a - 2b - 1)(a + 2b - 1)$
$=[(a - 1) - 2b][(a - 1) + 2b]$
$=(a - 1)^{2} - (2b)^{2}$
$=a^{2} - 2a + 1 - 4b^{2}$
$(y - 2x)(y + 2x) + (2x - 3y)^{2}$
$=y^{2} - (2x)^{2} + (4x^{2} - 12xy + 9y^{2})$
$=y^{2} - 4x^{2} + 4x^{2} - 12xy + 9y^{2}$
$=10y^{2} - 12xy$
(2)
$(a - 2b - 1)(a + 2b - 1)$
$=[(a - 1) - 2b][(a - 1) + 2b]$
$=(a - 1)^{2} - (2b)^{2}$
$=a^{2} - 2a + 1 - 4b^{2}$
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