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训练 5 体裁：说明文 主题：自然灾害 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：8 min 正确率： /4
Natural disasters, such as earthquakes(地震), rainstorms and strong winds, usually make a big difference to human life. They not only cause property loss but also take away people's lives.
Strong winds can be very terrible. On March 31st, 2024, strong winds hit Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. The strong winds broke the windows into pieces and blew off three people sleeping at home, causing their deaths. Besides, more than 1,600 trees were blown down overnight. This deadly disaster was mainly caused by funnelling.
When the earthquake happens, the ground and buildings will shake terribly. In serious situations, buildings may even fall down and people will be buried. In Taiwan, the most powerful earthquake in a quarter century rocked the island on April 3rd, 2024. At least nine people were killed and hundreds of people were hurt.
Another example is rainstorms. They can cause floods and inundate many places. Dubai lies on the coast of Persian Gulf and in the northeast of the U.A.E. with a long and beautiful coastline. It doesn't rain a lot. But on April 16th, 2024, a big rainstorm hit Dubai. It rained so much in just 12 hours that it was like a year's worth of rain. The heavy rain flooded roads, shopping malls, and even airports, causing a lot of damage.
To better deal with natural disasters, we need to make our disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief coordination system (协调系统) better. Also, people should learn ways to protect themselves when facing natural disasters. But most importantly, we should realize that we are not the owner of nature, so we need to be humble and respect it.
1. 新趋势·写作手法 How does the writer develop Para. 2?
A. Idea—Fact—Reason
B. Fact—Answer—Idea
C. Idea—Reason—Fact
D. Fact—Idea—Answer
2. What happened in Taiwan on April 3rd?
A. A big flood.
B. Strong winds.
C. An earthquake.
D. A rainstorm.
3. 新趋势·创新设问 In which of the following sentences can we fill the underlined word "humble"?
A. He sometimes makes a mistake—nothing too
B. Though he made a lot of progress, he still kept
C. Her most
D. The problems are so
4. What's the main purpose of the passage?
A. To ask us to protect nature.
B. To introduce some natural disasters.
C. To show the reason of strong winds.
D. To tell the information of the earthquake.
Natural disasters, such as earthquakes(地震), rainstorms and strong winds, usually make a big difference to human life. They not only cause property loss but also take away people's lives.
Strong winds can be very terrible. On March 31st, 2024, strong winds hit Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. The strong winds broke the windows into pieces and blew off three people sleeping at home, causing their deaths. Besides, more than 1,600 trees were blown down overnight. This deadly disaster was mainly caused by funnelling.
When the earthquake happens, the ground and buildings will shake terribly. In serious situations, buildings may even fall down and people will be buried. In Taiwan, the most powerful earthquake in a quarter century rocked the island on April 3rd, 2024. At least nine people were killed and hundreds of people were hurt.
Another example is rainstorms. They can cause floods and inundate many places. Dubai lies on the coast of Persian Gulf and in the northeast of the U.A.E. with a long and beautiful coastline. It doesn't rain a lot. But on April 16th, 2024, a big rainstorm hit Dubai. It rained so much in just 12 hours that it was like a year's worth of rain. The heavy rain flooded roads, shopping malls, and even airports, causing a lot of damage.
To better deal with natural disasters, we need to make our disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief coordination system (协调系统) better. Also, people should learn ways to protect themselves when facing natural disasters. But most importantly, we should realize that we are not the owner of nature, so we need to be humble and respect it.
1. 新趋势·写作手法 How does the writer develop Para. 2?
A. Idea—Fact—Reason
B. Fact—Answer—Idea
C. Idea—Reason—Fact
D. Fact—Idea—Answer
2. What happened in Taiwan on April 3rd?
A. A big flood.
B. Strong winds.
C. An earthquake.
D. A rainstorm.
3. 新趋势·创新设问 In which of the following sentences can we fill the underlined word "humble"?
A. He sometimes makes a mistake—nothing too
B
.B. Though he made a lot of progress, he still kept
B
.C. Her most
B
habit was eating with her mouth open.D. The problems are so
B
that we need to work them out at once.4. What's the main purpose of the passage?
A. To ask us to protect nature.
B. To introduce some natural disasters.
C. To show the reason of strong winds.
D. To tell the information of the earthquake.
答案
1. A 写作手法题。结合第二段的内容可知，本段先介绍了作者的观点“Strong winds can be very terrible.”，再介绍了江西南昌遭受强风自然灾害的事实“On March 31st, 2024, strong winds hit Nanchang, Jiangxi Province... more than 1,600 trees were blown down overnight.”，最后介绍该自然灾害发生的原因“This deadly disaster was mainly caused by funnelling.”。故选 A。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第三段“In Taiwan, the most powerful earthquake in a quarter century rocked the island on April 3rd”可知 4 月 3 日台湾发生了地震。故选 C。
3. B 词义猜测题。根据上文“we should realize that we are not the owner of nature”可知，我们应该认识到我们不是大自然的主人，所以需要谦虚和尊重大自然，由此推测画线词“humble”表示“谦虚的”；B 项“虽然他取得了很大的进步，但他仍然保持谦虚。”符合题意。故选 B。
4. B 推理判断题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一些地方所遭受的不同自然灾害以及如何应对自然灾害。故选 B。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第三段“In Taiwan, the most powerful earthquake in a quarter century rocked the island on April 3rd”可知 4 月 3 日台湾发生了地震。故选 C。
3. B 词义猜测题。根据上文“we should realize that we are not the owner of nature”可知，我们应该认识到我们不是大自然的主人，所以需要谦虚和尊重大自然，由此推测画线词“humble”表示“谦虚的”；B 项“虽然他取得了很大的进步，但他仍然保持谦虚。”符合题意。故选 B。
4. B 推理判断题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一些地方所遭受的不同自然灾害以及如何应对自然灾害。故选 B。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇自然灾害主题的说明文阅读理解，解题时可以按题型逐个突破：
1. 第1题是写作手法题，先定位到第2段逐句梳理段落逻辑：首先开篇抛出“强风非常可怕”的核心观点，接着列举2024年3月南昌遭遇强风的具体受灾事实，最后点明本次灾害的主要成因，对应“观点-事实-原因”的结构，匹配选项即可。
2. 第2题是细节理解题，直接带着题干关键词“Taiwan on April 3rd”回原文定位，找到第三段对应内容，直接匹配事件类型选出答案。
3. 第3题是词义猜测题，先结合划线词所在句的上下文“我们不是自然的主人，要尊重自然”，推断出humble的含义是“谦逊的、不狂妄的”，再逐一比对四个选项的语境，选出适配该词义的句子即可。
4. 第4题主旨推断题，先梳理全文脉络：文章开篇引入自然灾害的影响，分别列举强风、地震、暴雨三类自然灾害的具体受灾案例，最后补充应对自然灾害的方向，核心内容是介绍不同的自然灾害相关情况，排除只覆盖局部内容的干扰项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 梳理第二段行文逻辑：第一句“Strong winds can be very terrible.”是作者提出的核心观点，之后列举2024年3月31日江西南昌遭遇强风，造成人员死亡、树木被吹倒的具体受灾事实，最后说明该灾害主要由狭管效应导致，整体行文结构为“观点（Idea）-事实（Fact）-原因（Reason）”，对应A选项。
2. 根据第三段内容“In Taiwan, the most powerful earthquake in a quarter century rocked the island on April 3rd, 2024.”可知，2024年4月3日台湾发生了25年来最强的地震，对应C选项。
3. 结合划线词所在句前文“we should realize that we are not the owner of nature, so we need to be humble and respect it”，可推断humble的含义为“谦虚的、谦逊的”：
A选项语境为“他有时犯错，没什么太_____的”，填入“严重的”符合逻辑，不符合humble词义；
B选项语境为“虽然他取得了很大进步，他仍然保持_____”，填入“谦虚的”语义通顺，匹配humble的含义；
C选项语境为“她最_____的习惯是张着嘴吃饭”，填入“令人讨厌的”符合逻辑，不符合词义；
D选项语境为“问题太_____我们需要立刻解决”，填入“困难的/紧急的”符合逻辑，不符合词义。因此选B。
4. 全文开篇介绍自然灾害对人类的影响，分别列举强风、地震、暴雨三类自然灾害的典型受灾案例，最后说明应对自然灾害的方向，核心目的是向读者介绍不同类型的自然灾害相关信息：A选项“呼吁我们保护自然”仅为结尾局部的引申内容，不是全文主要目的；C、D选项分别只对应强风、地震的局部内容，过于片面，因此选B。
【答案】
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B
【知识点】
说明文阅读，细节定位，词义推断
【点评】
本题属于主题贴合现实的说明文阅读，题型设置新颖，覆盖了段落行文逻辑判断、细节查找、词义迁移、主旨辨析多个考点，容易出错的点集中在第4题，不少学生会误将结尾处的引申观点当成全文核心主旨，忽略了全文大部分内容都在介绍不同自然灾害的实例，解题时要注意区分局部信息和整体主旨，不要以偏概全。
【难度系数】
0.5
这是一篇自然灾害主题的说明文阅读理解，解题时可以按题型逐个突破：
1. 第1题是写作手法题，先定位到第2段逐句梳理段落逻辑：首先开篇抛出“强风非常可怕”的核心观点，接着列举2024年3月南昌遭遇强风的具体受灾事实，最后点明本次灾害的主要成因，对应“观点-事实-原因”的结构，匹配选项即可。
2. 第2题是细节理解题，直接带着题干关键词“Taiwan on April 3rd”回原文定位，找到第三段对应内容，直接匹配事件类型选出答案。
3. 第3题是词义猜测题，先结合划线词所在句的上下文“我们不是自然的主人，要尊重自然”，推断出humble的含义是“谦逊的、不狂妄的”，再逐一比对四个选项的语境，选出适配该词义的句子即可。
4. 第4题主旨推断题，先梳理全文脉络：文章开篇引入自然灾害的影响，分别列举强风、地震、暴雨三类自然灾害的具体受灾案例，最后补充应对自然灾害的方向，核心内容是介绍不同的自然灾害相关情况，排除只覆盖局部内容的干扰项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 梳理第二段行文逻辑：第一句“Strong winds can be very terrible.”是作者提出的核心观点，之后列举2024年3月31日江西南昌遭遇强风，造成人员死亡、树木被吹倒的具体受灾事实，最后说明该灾害主要由狭管效应导致，整体行文结构为“观点（Idea）-事实（Fact）-原因（Reason）”，对应A选项。
2. 根据第三段内容“In Taiwan, the most powerful earthquake in a quarter century rocked the island on April 3rd, 2024.”可知，2024年4月3日台湾发生了25年来最强的地震，对应C选项。
3. 结合划线词所在句前文“we should realize that we are not the owner of nature, so we need to be humble and respect it”，可推断humble的含义为“谦虚的、谦逊的”：
A选项语境为“他有时犯错，没什么太_____的”，填入“严重的”符合逻辑，不符合humble词义；
B选项语境为“虽然他取得了很大进步，他仍然保持_____”，填入“谦虚的”语义通顺，匹配humble的含义；
C选项语境为“她最_____的习惯是张着嘴吃饭”，填入“令人讨厌的”符合逻辑，不符合词义；
D选项语境为“问题太_____我们需要立刻解决”，填入“困难的/紧急的”符合逻辑，不符合词义。因此选B。
4. 全文开篇介绍自然灾害对人类的影响，分别列举强风、地震、暴雨三类自然灾害的典型受灾案例，最后说明应对自然灾害的方向，核心目的是向读者介绍不同类型的自然灾害相关信息：A选项“呼吁我们保护自然”仅为结尾局部的引申内容，不是全文主要目的；C、D选项分别只对应强风、地震的局部内容，过于片面，因此选B。
【答案】
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B
【知识点】
说明文阅读，细节定位，词义推断
【点评】
本题属于主题贴合现实的说明文阅读，题型设置新颖，覆盖了段落行文逻辑判断、细节查找、词义迁移、主旨辨析多个考点，容易出错的点集中在第4题，不少学生会误将结尾处的引申观点当成全文核心主旨，忽略了全文大部分内容都在介绍不同自然灾害的实例，解题时要注意区分局部信息和整体主旨，不要以偏概全。
【难度系数】
0.5
