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Ⅱ.语法填空
Last July, a terrible flood hit a small village in the south of China. The rain lasted 6. ______ three days and nights without stopping. At first, people thought it was just 7. ______ common rainstorm, so no one took it 8. ______ (serious) at the beginning.
When the water level started to rise quickly, many families had to leave their homes. The rescuers arrived in boats and 9. (bring) food, water and medicine to the trapped villagers. A 10-year-old boy named Yu Ming 10. (play) outside when the flood came. Fortunately, a rescuer saw him and pulled him to 11. (safe) in time.
During the rescue, some volunteers also came to help. They carried the elderly and children to higher places while the rescuers 12. (search) for people who were still missing. It was reported that the flood destroyed more than 20 houses, but 13. (luck), no one lost their life.
After the flood, the whole country tried 14. (help) the village. Now, the village has become beautiful again, and the villagers live a happy life 15. before.
Last July, a terrible flood hit a small village in the south of China. The rain lasted 6. ______ three days and nights without stopping. At first, people thought it was just 7. ______ common rainstorm, so no one took it 8. ______ (serious) at the beginning.
When the water level started to rise quickly, many families had to leave their homes. The rescuers arrived in boats and 9. (bring) food, water and medicine to the trapped villagers. A 10-year-old boy named Yu Ming 10. (play) outside when the flood came. Fortunately, a rescuer saw him and pulled him to 11. (safe) in time.
During the rescue, some volunteers also came to help. They carried the elderly and children to higher places while the rescuers 12. (search) for people who were still missing. It was reported that the flood destroyed more than 20 houses, but 13. (luck), no one lost their life.
After the flood, the whole country tried 14. (help) the village. Now, the village has become beautiful again, and the villagers live a happy life 15. before.
答案
Ⅱ.6.for 7.a 8.seriously 9.brought 10.was playing 11.safety 12.were
searching 13.luckily 14.to help 15.as
searching 13.luckily 14.to help 15.as
解析
【分析】
首先通读全文，可知本文是一篇记叙文，整体叙述去年七月中国南方小村落遭遇洪水的事件，全文核心时态为一般过去时，解题时逐个空结合语境、固定搭配、词性规则、时态要求推导：
1. 第6空后接表示时长的"three days and nights"，要搭配表示动作持续时长的介词；
2. 第7空后是可数名词单数rainstorm，此处表泛指“一场普通的暴雨”，判断填不定冠词；
3. 第8空是动词take的搭配，需要把给出的形容词serious变为对应副词构成固定短语；
4. 第9空和前面的arrived是并列的谓语动词，时态要和一般过去时保持一致；
5. 第10空符合"sb be doing sth when..."的过去进行时固定结构，表示“某事发生时某人正在做某事”，结合主语单数变形；
6. 第11空前是介词to，后面要接名词作宾语，把形容词safe变为名词形式；
7. 第12空是while引导的时间状语从句，强调动作过去正在同步进行，用过去进行时，结合复数主语变形；
8. 第13空放在句首修饰整个句子，要把形容词luck变为副词作状语；
9. 第14空符合固定搭配try to do sth，用不定式作宾语；
10. 第15空后是before，构成固定表达as before表示“像以前一样”。
【解析】
6. for："last for + 时间段"是固定用法，表示动作持续了多长时间，雨连续不停下了三天三夜，故填for。
7. a：此处表示“一场普通的暴风雨”，common是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a表泛指，故填a。
8. seriously：固定搭配take sth. seriously表示“认真对待某事”，此处需要副词seriously修饰动词took，故填seriously。
9. brought：and连接两个并列的谓语动词，前面的arrived是一般过去时，因此bring也要变为过去式brought，故填brought。
10. was playing：此处是固定句型过去进行时+when，表示“洪水到来的时候，10岁男孩宇明正在外面玩”，主语A 10-year-old boy是第三人称单数，过去进行时结构为was/were + doing，故填was playing。
11. safety：介词to后面需要接名词作宾语，safe是形容词，对应的名词形式是safety，表示“安全的地方”，故填safety。
12. were searching：while引导的时间状语从句强调过去两个动作同时发生，主句是一般过去时，从句用过去进行时，主语the rescuers是复数，故填were searching。
13. luckily：此处放在句首修饰整个句子，作状语，需要把名词luck变为副词luckily，表示“幸运的是”，故填luckily。
14. to help：固定搭配try to do sth. 表示“尽力做某事”，因此用不定式to help，故填to help。
15. as：固定搭配as before表示“像往常一样”，此处表示村民像以前一样过着幸福的生活，故填as。
【答案】
6.for 7.a 8.seriously 9.brought 10.was playing 11.safety 12.were searching 13.luckily 14.to help 15.as
【知识点】
介词固定搭配
动词时态辨析
词性转换规则
【点评】
本题选取洪水救援的正能量记叙文作为语境，考点全部为初中英语核心基础语法点，没有偏题怪题，既考查学生对固定短语的识记能力，也要求学生结合上下文的过去时语境判断时态变形，同时覆盖了形容词、副词、名词之间的词性转换考点，适合用来巩固基础语法知识。
【难度系数】
0.7
首先通读全文，可知本文是一篇记叙文，整体叙述去年七月中国南方小村落遭遇洪水的事件，全文核心时态为一般过去时，解题时逐个空结合语境、固定搭配、词性规则、时态要求推导：
1. 第6空后接表示时长的"three days and nights"，要搭配表示动作持续时长的介词；
2. 第7空后是可数名词单数rainstorm，此处表泛指“一场普通的暴雨”，判断填不定冠词；
3. 第8空是动词take的搭配，需要把给出的形容词serious变为对应副词构成固定短语；
4. 第9空和前面的arrived是并列的谓语动词，时态要和一般过去时保持一致；
5. 第10空符合"sb be doing sth when..."的过去进行时固定结构，表示“某事发生时某人正在做某事”，结合主语单数变形；
6. 第11空前是介词to，后面要接名词作宾语，把形容词safe变为名词形式；
7. 第12空是while引导的时间状语从句，强调动作过去正在同步进行，用过去进行时，结合复数主语变形；
8. 第13空放在句首修饰整个句子，要把形容词luck变为副词作状语；
9. 第14空符合固定搭配try to do sth，用不定式作宾语；
10. 第15空后是before，构成固定表达as before表示“像以前一样”。
【解析】
6. for："last for + 时间段"是固定用法，表示动作持续了多长时间，雨连续不停下了三天三夜，故填for。
7. a：此处表示“一场普通的暴风雨”，common是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a表泛指，故填a。
8. seriously：固定搭配take sth. seriously表示“认真对待某事”，此处需要副词seriously修饰动词took，故填seriously。
9. brought：and连接两个并列的谓语动词，前面的arrived是一般过去时，因此bring也要变为过去式brought，故填brought。
10. was playing：此处是固定句型过去进行时+when，表示“洪水到来的时候，10岁男孩宇明正在外面玩”，主语A 10-year-old boy是第三人称单数，过去进行时结构为was/were + doing，故填was playing。
11. safety：介词to后面需要接名词作宾语，safe是形容词，对应的名词形式是safety，表示“安全的地方”，故填safety。
12. were searching：while引导的时间状语从句强调过去两个动作同时发生，主句是一般过去时，从句用过去进行时，主语the rescuers是复数，故填were searching。
13. luckily：此处放在句首修饰整个句子，作状语，需要把名词luck变为副词luckily，表示“幸运的是”，故填luckily。
14. to help：固定搭配try to do sth. 表示“尽力做某事”，因此用不定式to help，故填to help。
15. as：固定搭配as before表示“像往常一样”，此处表示村民像以前一样过着幸福的生活，故填as。
【答案】
6.for 7.a 8.seriously 9.brought 10.was playing 11.safety 12.were searching 13.luckily 14.to help 15.as
【知识点】
介词固定搭配
动词时态辨析
词性转换规则
【点评】
本题选取洪水救援的正能量记叙文作为语境，考点全部为初中英语核心基础语法点，没有偏题怪题，既考查学生对固定短语的识记能力，也要求学生结合上下文的过去时语境判断时态变形，同时覆盖了形容词、副词、名词之间的词性转换考点，适合用来巩固基础语法知识。
【难度系数】
0.7
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Do you know that Antarctica is now having an unusual melting season? Well, this is true. There is less sea ice than ever recorded around the coldest continent. Experts believe that the loss of Antarctic sea ice could lead to bigger problems.
There are different kinds of ice in Antarctica sea ice and land ice. Sea ice is important for several reasons. Besides reflecting the sun's heat, it keeps the air cooler and forms a barrier with the warm water below. Sea ice also protects land ice from the ocean waves which otherwise could make ice shelves break and melt faster.
Scientists study sea ice with pictures and information collected by satellite, which makes it easier to watch the sea ice daily, monthly and yearly.
Before 2016, the sea ice in Antarctica had been actually growing in size. But then it started to decrease after a deadly heatwave caused the water temperature to rise from $-50°C$ to $-10°C$. Since then, the sea ice around Antarctica has been decreasing.
If more sea ice starts to melt, more areas of the ocean will be exposed. Since water is darker than ice, it takes in the sun's energy rather than reflecting it. The warmer water can accelerate the melting of ice and more heat would be spread across the planet. When the Antarctic coastlines are exposed to warm water, it could speed the collapse of ice shelves. When land ice melts, it causes sea level to rise, which, in turn, will influence coastal areas around the world.
(
①It can make the air cooler. ②It can reflect the sun's heat.
③It makes ice shelves break. ④It protects land ice from the ocean waves.
A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①②④ D. ①③④
(
A. The water temperature was usually $-50°C$.
B. A heatwave raised the water temperature.
C. More wildfires happened in the world.
D. The sea ice in Antarctica grew in size.
(
A. To show the result of sea ice's melting.
B. To tell the importance of land ice.
C. To explain the process of sea ice's melting.
D. To introduce the causes of sea ice's melting.
(
A. Importance of Sea Ice
B. Greatly Rising Temperatures
C. How to Stop Sea Ice from Melting
D. Record Low Sea Ice in Antarctica
Do you know that Antarctica is now having an unusual melting season? Well, this is true. There is less sea ice than ever recorded around the coldest continent. Experts believe that the loss of Antarctic sea ice could lead to bigger problems.
There are different kinds of ice in Antarctica sea ice and land ice. Sea ice is important for several reasons. Besides reflecting the sun's heat, it keeps the air cooler and forms a barrier with the warm water below. Sea ice also protects land ice from the ocean waves which otherwise could make ice shelves break and melt faster.
Scientists study sea ice with pictures and information collected by satellite, which makes it easier to watch the sea ice daily, monthly and yearly.
Before 2016, the sea ice in Antarctica had been actually growing in size. But then it started to decrease after a deadly heatwave caused the water temperature to rise from $-50°C$ to $-10°C$. Since then, the sea ice around Antarctica has been decreasing.
If more sea ice starts to melt, more areas of the ocean will be exposed. Since water is darker than ice, it takes in the sun's energy rather than reflecting it. The warmer water can accelerate the melting of ice and more heat would be spread across the planet. When the Antarctic coastlines are exposed to warm water, it could speed the collapse of ice shelves. When land ice melts, it causes sea level to rise, which, in turn, will influence coastal areas around the world.
(
C
)16. Which of the following are reasons why sea ice is important?①It can make the air cooler. ②It can reflect the sun's heat.
③It makes ice shelves break. ④It protects land ice from the ocean waves.
A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①②④ D. ①③④
(
B
)17. What happened in 2016?A. The water temperature was usually $-50°C$.
B. A heatwave raised the water temperature.
C. More wildfires happened in the world.
D. The sea ice in Antarctica grew in size.
(
A
)18. What's the purpose of the last paragraph?A. To show the result of sea ice's melting.
B. To tell the importance of land ice.
C. To explain the process of sea ice's melting.
D. To introduce the causes of sea ice's melting.
(
D
)19. What's the best title for the passage?A. Importance of Sea Ice
B. Greatly Rising Temperatures
C. How to Stop Sea Ice from Melting
D. Record Low Sea Ice in Antarctica
答案
Ⅲ.16.C 17.B 18.A 19.D
解析
【分析】
这是一篇环保主题的说明文阅读理解，解题的核心思路是先标注每道题干的关键词，带着关键词回到原文对应段落定位信息，逐一比对选项和原文表述，排除错误干扰项：做细节题时要精准匹配原文描述，不要混淆正反逻辑；做主旨类题目时要覆盖全文核心话题，避免选择只对应局部段落的片面选项，最终就能顺利选出正确答案。
【解析】
16. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段，文中明确说明海冰的作用包括：反射太阳热量、让空气保持更凉爽、阻挡下方暖水、保护陆冰不被海浪侵蚀。③描述“它让冰架破裂”和原文表述完全相反，原文是没有海冰的情况下海浪才会加速冰架破裂，因此排除带③的选项，①②④正确，选C。
17. 细节理解题：定位原文第四段，内容说明2016年之前南极海冰面积一直在增长，2016年一场致命热浪让海水温度从-50℃上升到-10℃，之后海冰开始减少。A选项不是2016年发生的事件，C选项原文完全没有提及野火相关内容，D选项是2016年之前的情况，只有B符合原文描述，选B。
18. 推理判断题：最后一段完整介绍了海冰融化后带来的连锁反应：更多海面暴露、海水吸收更多热量加速全球变暖、冰架崩塌、海平面上升影响全球沿海区域，全部内容都是海冰融化会引发的后果，对应A选项。B选项仅提到陆冰重要性，完全偏离段落核心；C选项的融化过程、D选项的融化原因都不是本段的写作目的，选A。
19. 主旨大意题：全文开篇就点明南极正在经历异常融冰季，海冰面积创下有记录以来的最低值，后续内容围绕海冰的作用、海冰的变化趋势、海冰融化的危害展开。A选项仅对应第二段局部内容，过于片面；B选项仅提到升温，不是全文核心话题；C选项的“如何阻止海冰融化”原文完全没有涉及，只有D选项完整覆盖全文核心主题，选D。
【答案】
16.C 17.B 18.A 19.D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，主旨大意归纳，语篇逻辑梳理
【点评】
本题属于中等难度的说明文阅读，大部分题目都可以通过原文直接定位得到答案，易错点集中在细节题的正反逻辑混淆、主旨题误选局部内容的干扰项，做题时只要仔细比对原文表述，区分局部信息和全文核心，就能轻松拿到满分。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇环保主题的说明文阅读理解，解题的核心思路是先标注每道题干的关键词，带着关键词回到原文对应段落定位信息，逐一比对选项和原文表述，排除错误干扰项：做细节题时要精准匹配原文描述，不要混淆正反逻辑；做主旨类题目时要覆盖全文核心话题，避免选择只对应局部段落的片面选项，最终就能顺利选出正确答案。
【解析】
16. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段，文中明确说明海冰的作用包括：反射太阳热量、让空气保持更凉爽、阻挡下方暖水、保护陆冰不被海浪侵蚀。③描述“它让冰架破裂”和原文表述完全相反，原文是没有海冰的情况下海浪才会加速冰架破裂，因此排除带③的选项，①②④正确，选C。
17. 细节理解题：定位原文第四段，内容说明2016年之前南极海冰面积一直在增长，2016年一场致命热浪让海水温度从-50℃上升到-10℃，之后海冰开始减少。A选项不是2016年发生的事件，C选项原文完全没有提及野火相关内容，D选项是2016年之前的情况，只有B符合原文描述，选B。
18. 推理判断题：最后一段完整介绍了海冰融化后带来的连锁反应：更多海面暴露、海水吸收更多热量加速全球变暖、冰架崩塌、海平面上升影响全球沿海区域，全部内容都是海冰融化会引发的后果，对应A选项。B选项仅提到陆冰重要性，完全偏离段落核心；C选项的融化过程、D选项的融化原因都不是本段的写作目的，选A。
19. 主旨大意题：全文开篇就点明南极正在经历异常融冰季，海冰面积创下有记录以来的最低值，后续内容围绕海冰的作用、海冰的变化趋势、海冰融化的危害展开。A选项仅对应第二段局部内容，过于片面；B选项仅提到升温，不是全文核心话题；C选项的“如何阻止海冰融化”原文完全没有涉及，只有D选项完整覆盖全文核心主题，选D。
【答案】
16.C 17.B 18.A 19.D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，主旨大意归纳，语篇逻辑梳理
【点评】
本题属于中等难度的说明文阅读，大部分题目都可以通过原文直接定位得到答案，易错点集中在细节题的正反逻辑混淆、主旨题误选局部内容的干扰项，做题时只要仔细比对原文表述，区分局部信息和全文核心，就能轻松拿到满分。
【难度系数】
0.7
