四、阅读理解
Scientist Margaret Morris studied mice's memory. She found some mice had better memories because they ate low-fat and healthy food. Some mice often ate junk food such as cakes, meat pies, and chips and they were more forgetful.
This can happen to people too. "If you like eating junk food and don't eat enough fruit and vegetables," Morris said, "the changes in your stomach may make your brain not work well." Scientists found that the brain talks with the stomach. Recently, they have found that the stomach talks back. It may even tell the brain what to do.
In the stomach there are tiny living things—bacteria. They are also called the microbiome and can help us digest(消化) food and send messages to our brain. Most salty and sugary foods can make these good bacteria in our stomach go away. This can make us feel not so good and maybe even sad.
Another scientist, Rob Knight, suggests eating yogurt because it has healthy bacteria. Does that mean no hamburgers? "Having them sometimes is okay," Knight says, "but there are no really healthy benefits if you often have them. Being good to your microbiome over the next six months is a lot more important than what you ate yesterday, or what you will eat tomorrow."
()1. How does the writer start the text?
A. By telling stories.
B. By giving facts.
C. By showing numbers.
D. By asking questions.
()2. What kind of mice can have better memories?
A. Mice that have healthy food.
B. Mice that eat cakes a lot.
C. Mice that often have meat pies.
D. Mice that like junk food.
()3. What does the underlined word "microbiome" refer to?
A. The stomachs.
B. A community of good bacteria.
C. Some messages.
D. Salty and sugary foods.
()4. What can we learn from Rob Knight's suggestions?
A. When to eat yogurt is important.
B. We should have no hamburgers.
C. What we ate yesterday is more important.
D. We should keep low-fat and healthy eating habits.

1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D

【分析】这是一篇关于饮食与大脑记忆关系的英语阅读理解题，解题思路为：先通读全文把握文章核心内容，再针对每个题目回到原文定位关键信息，逐一比对选项，排除错误选项后得出正确答案。
【解析】1. 细节理解题：原文第一段讲述科学家Margaret Morris对老鼠记忆的研究事实，作者以此开篇，故选B。2. 细节理解题：原文第一段明确提到“some mice had better memories because they ate low-fat and healthy food”，即吃健康食物的老鼠记忆力更好，故选A。3. 词义猜测题：原文第三段指出“In the stomach there are tiny living things—bacteria. They are also called the microbiome”，可知microbiome指胃里的有益细菌群落，故选B。4. 推理判断题：原文第四段Rob Knight建议吃含健康细菌的酸奶，偶尔吃汉堡但不要常吃，强调要对肠道微生物组有益，即应保持低脂健康的饮食习惯，故选D。
【答案】1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】本题为英语阅读理解常规题型，考查学生对文章细节的查找、词义的猜测及推理判断能力，文本贴近生活，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】0.6

五、完形填空
There was a mysterious shop called “Time Bank”. The owner said that he could exchange time with customers. The shop had only an old wooden sign with the words “Time is money, but more valuable” on it.
One day, a young man 1 Tom walked into the shop, curious about the owner's business. Tom asked, “Can I exchange time for 2?” The owner smiled and answered, “3, but you must exchange a period of your lifetime.”
Without a second thought, Tom decided to exchange his lonely childhood, those days 4 friends, but only books. After signing a contract(合同) with the 5, Tom got a lot of money. Years went by, 6 career(事业) was more successful than before, but his life started to be filled with strange emptiness.
On a quiet night, as he 7 old photo albums, he realized all 8 about his childhood had disappeared, even his own image(影像) in the photos was 9. Suddenly, he understood the lonely 10 was such valuable time for him to learn to be independent and strong.
Scared, Tom 11 back to the “Time Bank” and asked the owner to 12 the deal. The owner said, “I can return your time, but you must exchange everything you have now.” Tom hesitated(犹豫), because his 13, money, status(地位) were the fruits of his years of hard work. But finally, he agreed. 14 he lost all his wealth and achievements, his childhood memories returned. He felt a sense of achievement and peacefulness.
The most 15 things in life aren't material wealth, but the time we experience and the memories we have.
()1. A. named B. asked C. cried D. shouted
()2. A. money B. success C. youth D. power
()3. A. Wisely B. Generally C. Certainly D. Recently
()4. A. by B. with C. among D. without
()5. A. customer B. owner C. host D. teacher
()6. A. his B. her C. my D. your
()7. A. looked after B. looked through C. looked up D. looked down
()8. A. happiness B. memories C. friends D. wealth
()9. A. lively B. unclear C. familiar D. private
()10. A. victory B. position C. childhood D. power
()11. A. put B. brought C. gave D. rushed
()12. A. overcome B. make C. undo D. cover
()13. A. time B. success C. friendliness D. family
()14. A. Although B. But C. Before D. Until
()15. A. expensive B. popular C. unsolved D. valuable
读后词汇拓展 猜出画波浪线单词的词性和中文意思,并收入自己的小词典。

1.A 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.C
11.D 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D

【分析】
本题为完形填空，需结合上下文语境、词汇含义及固定搭配逐一分析选项：
1. 第1题：修饰“young man”，表示“名叫Tom的年轻人”，用过去分词named作后置定语，选A；
2. 第2题：后文提到“got a lot of money”，可知Tom想换钱，选A；
3. 第3题：店主同意交换，用Certainly（当然），选C；
4. 第4题：前文提到“lonely childhood”，说明童年没有朋友，用without，选D；
5. 第5题：与商店店主签合同，选B；
6. 第6题：指代Tom的事业，用形容词性物主代词his，选A；
7. 第7题：表示“翻看相册”，固定搭配look through，选B；
8. 第8题：后文提到“even his own image in the photos”，可知是童年记忆消失，选B；
9. 第9题：记忆消失后，照片里的影像模糊，选B；
10. 第10题：意识到童年是宝贵的时光，选C；
11. 第11题：害怕的Tom冲回商店，用rushed，选D；
12. 第12题：请求店主取消交易，undo表示“取消”，选C；
13. 第13题：前文提到“career was more successful”，可知是成功、金钱等，选B；
14. 第14题：前后为让步关系，用Although，选A；
15. 第15题：文章主旨是珍贵的东西不是物质，用valuable，选D。
【解析】
1. 第1题：named作后置定语修饰man，符合语境，选A；
2. 第2题：由后文“got a lot of money”可知Tom想换钱，选A；
3. 第3题：店主同意交换，Certainly表肯定，选C；
4. 第4题：lonely childhood对应without friends，选D；
5. 第5题：与店主签合同，选B；
6. 第6题：指代Tom的事业，用his，选A；
7. 第7题：look through表示“翻看”，符合看相册的语境，选B；
8. 第8题：由“old photo albums”可知是童年记忆，选B；
9. 第9题：记忆消失后影像模糊，选B；
10. 第10题：对应前文“lonely childhood”，选C；
11. 第11题：rushed back表“冲回”，符合害怕的状态，选D；
12. 第12题：undo the deal表示“取消交易”，选C；
13. 第13题：由“career was more successful”可知是success，选B；
14. 第14题：前后让步关系，用Although，选A；
15. 第15题：文章主旨是珍贵的东西，选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D
【知识点】
完形填空词汇辨析、语境理解、固定搭配
【点评】
本文是围绕“时间银行”展开的记叙文，解题需结合上下文语境、词汇含义及固定搭配，注重把握文章主旨（珍贵的是记忆与经历而非物质），适合初中阶段学生练习，能帮助理解人生价值。
【难度系数】
0.6