一、任务型阅读。
阅读下面短文，从 A—E 中选出适当的选项填在横线上，并回答第 5 小题。有一项多余。
A science project can be a job or a fun hobby. But doing research can also be a chance to help others and make the world a better place. Here's an interview with two teen scientists who took part in this year's science competition, Sally and Allen.
Q1: Can you introduce your project?
Sally: 1. The machine is powered by the sun's energy. It can not only find litter but also put litter into different groups.
Allen: I developed an app to recommend songs. It records someone's heart rate while listening to music. The information is then used to recommend other music that can help the person relax.
Q2: 2.
Sally: When I volunteered at our local litter clean-up, I saw how much litter pollution there was, and I knew that I had to solve this problem.
Allen: When people are listening to my music, they all have different feelings. So that's where I got the idea to start this project.
Q3: What was your favourite part of this project?
Sally: Building the robot. I have never had any experience in robotics before, so it was a completely new experience.
Allen: My favourite part was finding out proper music. 3.
Q4: Any advice for science project beginners?
Sally: Follow the scientific rules. It might seem difficult at times, but if you stick to this and change just one variable (变量) at a time, you'll finally make it.
Allen: 4. Everyone is worried, "Oh no, what if I mess this up?" In fact, making mistakes is part of learning.
A. I made a litter-collecting robot.
B. It was something that I really liked.
C. Don't be afraid of making mistakes.
D. What's the next step for your project?
E. How did you get the idea to start the project?
5. Whose project do you like better, Sally's or Allen's? Why?（回答不多于15词）

1. A
2. E
3. B
4. C
5. I like Sally's because her litter-collecting robot is really practical and helpful.(合理即可)

【分析】本题是任务型阅读的句子还原与开放问答题，需结合上下文语境匹配选项，第5题需根据自身理解作答且符合字数要求。先分析每个空的语境：1空对应Sally提到的“机器”，选描述机器的A；2空对应Sally回答的项目灵感来源，选E；3空对应Allen提到的“喜欢找合适音乐”，选B；4空对应Allen提到的“犯错是学习的一部分”，选C；第5题需选一个项目并说明理由，不超15词。
【解析】1. 由Sally提到的“机器能找垃圾并分类”，匹配A选项“我做了垃圾收集机器人”，故1选A；2. Q2的回答是项目灵感的来源，对应E选项“你怎么想到这个项目的”，故2选E；3. Allen说最喜欢找合适音乐，B选项“这是我真的喜欢的”承接上文，故3选B；4. 后文提到“犯错是学习的一部分”，对应C选项“别怕犯错”，故4选C；5. 开放题，需选一个项目并说明理由，不超15词，如“I like Sally's because it helps clean litter.”
【答案】1.A 2.E 3.B 4.C 5.I like Sally's because it helps clean litter.
【知识点】任务型阅读、句子还原
【点评】本题考查任务型阅读的语境匹配能力，前4空需结合上下文逻辑选答案，第5题开放作答，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6

二、完形填空。
Everyone makes mistakes while writing. Luckily, we have erasers to help us them. Have you ever wondered how the magic object was in the first place?
A long time ago, when people needed to erase pencil marks from the paper, they used soft bread, a common in our daily life. It was not until 1770 that a British scientist, Joseph Priestley, that natural plant rubber（橡胶）could erase pencil marks easily.
One day, while Joseph Priestley was writing, he a bottle filled with smelling salts. He tried to clear head by smelling them. He then took the rubber stopper（塞子）out of the bottle and held it in his right hand. , the
pencil marks on his hand were gone. Priestley used the stopper to erase the marks on the at once. It also worked.
In 1770, Edward Nairne, an English engineer, also used rubber to erase pencil marks. He found it really . Later, he created the first rubber eraser and started that at a high price.
However, this kind of eraser had its bad sides. people used it, it crumbled（破碎）. Also, the eraser would smell over time. In 1839, the problems were by Charles Goodyear. He discovered a way to make rubber last longer.
Soon, the small invention was to many places and became popular. It was made in different shapes, sizes and colours. In 1858, an American put erasers on the ends of pencils. The new are known as pencil erasers. We still use them today.
() 6. A. forget B. doubt C. correct D. explain
() 7. A. wasted B. invented C. changed D. protected
() 8. A. food B. sport C. plant D. medicine
() 9. A. refused B. collected C. accepted D. discovered
() 10. A. threw away B. picked up C. kept away D. gave up
() 11. A. its B. his C. her D. their
() 12. A. Naturally B. Surprisingly C. Hopefully D. Unluckily
() 13. A. paper B. head C. bowl D. cup
() 14. A. safe B. heavy C. helpful D. truthful
() 15. A. selling B. moving C. improving D. keeping
() 16. A. As B. Before C. Unless D. Though
() 17. A. sweet B. delicious C. fresh D. bad
() 18. A. raised B. shaped C. solved D. caused
() 19. A. lent B. returned C. forced D. introduced
() 20. A. festivals B. products C. traditions D. languages

6. C
7. B
8. A
9. D
10. B
11. B
12. B
13. A
14. C
15. A
16. A
17. D
18. C
19. D
20. B

【分析】
做完形填空需先通读全文把握主旨（本文介绍橡皮的发明历史），再结合上下文语境、词义辨析、固定搭配逐一分析选项：
1. 第6题：前文提到写作业会犯错，橡皮的作用是修正错误，对应选项选表“修正”的词；
2. 第7题：问橡皮这个物品最初是如何被创造的，需选表“发明”的词；
3. 第8题：很久以前用软面包擦铅笔痕迹，面包属于日常食物，选对应名词；
4. 第9题：Joseph Priestley发现天然橡胶能擦铅笔痕迹，选表“发现”的动词；
5. 第10题：他写的时候捡起装嗅盐的瓶子，选表“捡起”的短语；
6. 第11题：clear one's head是固定搭配，主语是he，对应形容词性物主代词；
7. 第12题：手上的铅笔痕迹消失是意外的，选表“惊讶地”的副词；
8. 第13题：橡皮用来擦纸上的痕迹，选对应名词；
9. 第14题：Edward Nairne发现橡胶很有用，选表“有用的”形容词；
10. 第15题：他开始售卖这种橡胶，选表“售卖”的动词；
11. 第16题：当人们使用这种橡皮时，它会破碎，选表“当……时”的连词；
12. 第17题：时间久了橡皮会闻起来变质，选表“坏的”形容词；
13. 第18题：Charles Goodyear解决了橡皮的问题，选表“解决”的动词；
14. 第19题：橡皮被引入到很多地方，选表“引入”的动词；
15. 第20题：带橡皮头的铅笔是新的产品，选表“产品”的名词。
【解析】
6. 选C：根据前文“写作业犯错，橡皮帮助我们”，橡皮的功能是修正错误，correct（修正）符合语境；
7. 选B：句意为“你是否想过这个神奇物品最初是如何被发明的”，invented（发明）符合；
8. 选A：软面包是日常食物，food（食物）符合；
9. 选D：Joseph Priestley发现天然橡胶能擦铅笔痕迹，discovered（发现）符合；
10. 选B：他写的时候捡起装嗅盐的瓶子，picked up（捡起）符合；
11. 选B：clear his head（清醒头脑），对应主语he的形容词性物主代词his；
12. 选B：手上的铅笔痕迹消失是意外的，Surprisingly（惊讶地）符合；
13. 选A：橡皮用来擦纸上的痕迹，paper（纸）符合；
14. 选C：Edward Nairne发现橡胶很有用，helpful（有用的）符合；
15. 选A：他开始售卖这种橡胶，selling（售卖）符合；
16. 选A：当人们使用这种橡皮时，它会破碎，As（当……时）符合；
17. 选D：时间久了橡皮会闻起来变质，bad（坏的）符合；
18. 选C：Charles Goodyear解决了橡皮的问题，solved（解决）符合；
19. 选D：橡皮被引入到很多地方，introduced（引入）符合；
20. 选B：带橡皮头的铅笔是新的产品，products（产品）符合。
【答案】
6.C 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.B 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.A 17.D 18.C 19.D 20.B
【知识点】
完形填空解题技巧，词义辨析，上下文语境理解
【点评】
本文围绕橡皮的发明历史展开，考查学生对词汇、语境的综合运用能力，需结合上下文逻辑和词义辨析选择答案，是常见的完形填空题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5