一、阅读理解。
A
After I graduate from junior high school, I will have a long and relaxing summer vacation. I have made a careful travel plan to Beijing with my parents. It is a special trip to celebrate the end of my junior high school life.
Beijing is a magnificent (壮丽的) city with a long history. We plan to stay there for seven days. First, we will visit the Forbidden City. I want to enjoy the wonderful old buildings and learn more about Chinese history. Then we will climb up the Great Wall. I know it is one of the greatest wonders in the world. I am sure I will feel proud when I stand on it.
We are also going to visit some modern places, such as the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube. They show a new perspective (角度) of Beijing. Besides sightseeing, I am looking forward to tasting local food like Beijing Roast Duck. I believe it will be delicious.
This trip is meaningful to me. It not only lets me enjoy the beauty of our country but also helps me grow into a better person. I will keep this wonderful trip in my mind as I step into the new life of senior high school.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
() 1. Why will the writer go on a trip to Beijing?
A. To visit his friends.
B. To learn English.
C. To take summer classes.
D. To celebrate graduation.
() 2. How long will the writer stay in Beijing?
A. For five days.
B. For six days.
C. For seven days.
D. For eight days.
() 3. How will the writer feel stepping on the Great Wall?
A. Tired but excited.
B. Proud of our country.
C. Sad but proud.
D. Disappointed about the scenery.
() 4. Which of the following shows the modern perspective of Beijing?
A. The Bird's Nest.
B. The Great Wall.
C. The Forbidden City.
D. Old buildings.

1. D
2. C
3. B
4. A 由第三段“We are also going to visit some modern places, such as the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube”可知，鸟巢展现了北京的现代面貌。

【分析】
做这类英语阅读理解细节题，需先明确题干的问题指向，再带着问题定位原文对应信息，将原文内容与选项逐一比对，排除不符选项后选出正确答案。需重点关注题干中的关键词，如旅行原因、停留时长、长城感受、现代视角建筑等，快速定位原文相关语句。
【解析】
1. 根据第一段最后一句“It is a special trip to celebrate the end of my junior high school life.”可知，作者去北京是为了庆祝初中毕业，对应选项D。
2. 根据第二段第二句“We plan to stay there for seven days.”可知，作者将在北京停留七天，对应选项C。
3. 根据第二段最后一句“I am sure I will feel proud when I stand on it.”可知，作者站在长城上会感到自豪，对应选项B。
4. 根据第三段“We are also going to visit some modern places, such as the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube. They show a new perspective of Beijing.”可知，鸟巢展现了北京的现代视角，对应选项A。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解基础细节题，侧重考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，题目设置直接，只要仔细阅读原文即可轻松解答，属于易得分题。
【难度系数】
0.8

B
Tao Xingzhi was a famous educator in China. He always believed that kindness and encouragement were more powerful than punishment. One day, he saw a boy throwing a stone at some classmates. He stopped the boy at once and asked him to come to his office after class.
The boy felt very nervous. In his eyes, he would be punished seriously. To his surprise, when he arrived, Mr. Tao took out a small candy and gave it to him. "This is for you because you came on time as I told you," he said gently. Before the boy could say anything, Mr. Tao gave him a second candy. "I asked you to stop hitting others, and you listened to me at once. That shows you respect me."
The boy was even more surprised. Then Mr. Tao handed him the third candy. "You threw the stone because you thought those classmates were doing something wrong. You have a sense of justice (正义)." Hearing this, the boy began to cry. "I'm sorry, Mr. Tao. I was wrong."
Mr. Tao gave him the fourth candy. "This is for your courage to realize your mistake. I believe you will do better in the future." With these words, the teacher let the boy leave. The four candies didn't cost much, but they taught the boy a lifelong lesson. Tao Xingzhi's way of education tells us that understanding and respect can touch people's hearts more easily than anger.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
() 5. Why did Tao Xingzhi ask the boy to go to his office?
A. Because the boy was late for class.
B. Because the boy fought with others.
C. Because the boy wanted to ask for candies.
D. Because the boy didn't finish his homework.
() 6. How did the boy feel when he went to the office?
A. Nervous.
B. Excited.
C. Happy.
D. Relaxed.
() 7. What is the reason for the second candy?
A. The boy came on time.
B. The boy had a sense of justice.
C. The boy obeyed Tao's order at once.
D. The boy realized his mistake bravely.
() 8. What can we infer from the boy's crying?
A. He was afraid of punishment.
B. He was deeply moved by Mr. Tao.
C. He was sad because he had no candies.
D. He was very angry with Mr. Tao's candies.
() 9. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Candies are good gifts for students.
B. Teachers should give students candies often.
C. Students should never make mistakes at school.
D. Kindness and encouragement are better than punishment.
C
Yue Fei was one of the bravest heroes in Chinese history. When he was young, he was very hard-working and loved practicing martial arts (武术). His teacher was Zhou Tong, a famous and strict master of archery (箭术).
Zhou Tong cared deeply about Yue Fei, but he was also strict with him. He made Yue Fei practice shooting every day, no matter how sunny or cold it was. Yue Fei never complained about anything and practiced again and again. He soon became very skilled at shooting.
One day, Zhou Tong gave Yue Fei his favorite bow (弓) and taught him all his skills. He told Yue Fei that he should use his abilities to serve his country and protect people. He also said that a real hero must be honest, brave and responsible.
Yue Fei kept his teacher's words in heart all his life. He trained strictly, fought bravely in wars and became a hero loved by many people. The story shows that a strict and wise teacher can help a person become truly outstanding. It also tells us that only through hard work and right guidance can we make great achievements.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
() 10. What was Zhou Tong?
A. A strict teacher.
B. A great soldier.
C. A student of Yue Fei.
D. A hero in a war.
() 11. What did Zhou Tong make Yue Fei do?
A. Study books all day.
B. Practice shooting every day.
C. Help others in trouble.
D. Fight in early wars.
() 12. Why did Zhou Tong give Yue Fei his favorite bow?
A. Because Yue Fei won a game.
B. Because Yue Fei asked him for it.
C. Because the bow was not useful anymore.
D. Because he wanted Yue Fei to serve the country.
() 13. What can we learn about Yue Fei?
A. He disliked his strict teacher.
B. He was lazy when he was young.
C. He remembered his teacher's words.
D. He became famous for making bows.
() 14. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Everyone can become a war hero.
B. Doing sports every day is good for health.
C. We should always give others useful gifts.
D. A strict teacher and hard work make one person great.

5. B
6. A
7. C 由第二段“I asked you to stop hitting others, and you listened to me at once”可知，第二颗糖奖励给男孩，是因为男孩立刻听从了陶行知的话。
8. B 陶行知没有批评反而不断肯定男孩的优点，男孩被他的理解和尊重深深打动，所以哭了。
9. D 由第一段和全文内容可知，善良与鼓励比惩罚更有效。
10. A
11. B
12. D 由第三段“He told Yue Fei that he should use his abilities to serve his country and protect people”可知，老师希望他用本领报效国家。
13. C
14. D 由最后一段可知，这个故事告诉我们，严师与努力能让人变得优秀。

【分析】本题为两篇英语阅读理解题，包含细节理解和主旨大意类题型，解题思路为：先读题干明确问题核心，带着问题定位原文对应内容，对比原文与选项排除错误答案；主旨类题目需梳理全文核心，提炼主旨后选最佳选项。
【解析】
5. 定位原文第一段：陶行知看到男孩扔石头打同学，叫他去办公室，对应选项B。
6. 定位原文第二段：明确提到男孩去办公室时感到紧张，对应选项A。
7. 定位原文第二段陶行知的表述：第二颗糖是因为男孩立刻听从了“停止打人”的要求，对应选项C。
8. 结合全文，陶行知未惩罚反而肯定男孩，男孩被其理解与尊重打动，对应选项B。
9. 梳理全文，核心观点为善良与鼓励比惩罚更有效，对应选项D。
10. 定位原文第一段：周侗是岳飞严格的老师，对应选项A。
11. 定位原文第二段：周侗让岳飞每天练习射箭，对应选项B。
12. 定位原文第三段：周侗给弓是希望岳飞用本领报效国家，对应选项D。
13. 定位原文最后一段：岳飞一生牢记老师的话，对应选项C。
14. 梳理全文，主旨为严师与努力能让人变得优秀，对应选项D。
【答案】5.B 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.A 11.B 12.D 13.C 14.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解（细节理解）、英语阅读理解（主旨大意）
【点评】本题为初中英语阅读练习题，涵盖核心阅读题型，解题需精准定位原文信息，主旨题需梳理全文核心，整体侧重基础阅读能力的考查。
【难度系数】0.6