一、根据中文意思完成句子。
1. 地球的直径大约是13,000千米。
The earth around 13,000 kilometers.
2. 地球和火星的一个共同之处是有水。
Earth and Mars one thing — water.
3. 尽管地球上有大量的水，但我们还是要节约用水。
there is plenty of water on the earth, we must save it.
4. 我平均每晚睡7个小时。
I sleep for seven hours every night.
5. 我对太空很感兴趣，我哥哥也是。
I’m interested in space, and my brother.

1. has a diameter of 2. have；in common 3. Although 4. on average 5. so is

【分析】解答此类题目需先理解中文句意，再结合所学英语固定搭配、句型及连词用法匹配空格。第1题需表达“有……的直径”，对应固定搭配；第2题“共同之处”对应固定短语；第3题需引导让步状语从句，选合适连词；第4题“平均”对应固定短语；第5题需用“……也是”的倒装结构。
【解析】1. 主语The earth是第三人称单数，“有直径”用has，固定搭配have a diameter of，故填has a diameter of；2. 主语Earth and Mars是复数，“有共同之处”用have...in common，故填have；in common；3. 引导让步状语从句，“尽管”用Although，故填Although；4. “平均”的固定短语是on average，故填on average；5. 表示“……也是”的倒装结构，主语my brother是第三人称单数，be动词用is，故填so is。
【答案】1. has a diameter of 2. have；in common 3. Although 4. on average 5. so is
【知识点】固定搭配、倒装句型、连词用法
【点评】本题考查英语基础的固定短语、常用句型及连词的用法，属于基础题型，旨在巩固日常英语表达的核心搭配，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.8

二、阅读理解。
阅读下面的语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。
Black holes look like dark circles(圆圈) with a bright ring around the outside.
Scientists took the world's first photo of a black hole in 2019. They didn't use a camera but eight radio telescopes(射电望远镜) to take the picture. The telescopes got signals(信号) from the black hole. Scientists used computers to process(处理) the signals. It took
them two years to get the final picture.
The black hole is about 55 million light-years away from Earth. How far is one light-year? It's about 9 trillion(万亿) kilometers.
This is not the only black hole in the universe. Actually, scientists are sure that every large galaxy(星系) has a big black hole at its center. They call the one in our galaxy Sagittarius A. Black holes are some of the most mysterious(神秘的) things in the universe. This photo can help us learn more about them.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
()1. What do black holes look like?
A. Dark holes with a bright center.
B. Black circles inside each other.
C. Black holes with colorful rings in the center.
D. Dark circles with a bright ring around the outside.
()2. How long did it take scientists to get the final picture of the black hole?
A. Half a year.
B. One year.
C. Two years.
D. Three years.
()3. How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 3?
A. By telling stories.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By giving examples.
D. By showing pictures.
()4. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Scientists took the picture of the black hole with a camera.
B. The black holes are not very far from Earth.
C. We can learn a lot about black holes according to the picture.
D. Sagittarius A is the only black hole in the universe.
()5. Where can we read this passage?
A. In a science newspaper.
B. On a travel website.
C. In a storybook.
D. In a novel.

1. D 由第一段第一句可知，黑洞看起来像一些黑暗的圆圈，外面环绕着一个明亮的光圈。
2. C 由第二段最后一句可知，科学家花了两年的时间拍到了这张照片。
3. B 由第三段中“55 million light-years”“9 trillion kilometers”可知，作者通过列数字的方法说明黑洞离地球很远。
4. C 由第四段最后一句可知，这张照片可以帮助我们了解更多关于黑洞的知识。
5. A 通读全文可知，本文是一篇关于宇宙探索的科普类文章，故可能在科学报上读到。

【分析】
做这类阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握大意，再针对每个题目定位到原文对应段落，提取关键信息，逐一对比选项，排除错误答案选出正确选项：第1题定位第一段找黑洞外观；第2题定位第二段找拍摄耗时；第3题分析第三段的论证方法；第4题将选项与原文细节比对；第5题根据文章内容判断出处。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：由第一段第一句“Black holes look like dark circles with a bright ring around the outside”可知，D选项描述与原文一致，A（bright center）、B（black circles inside each other）、C（colorful rings）均不符合原文。
2. 细节理解题：由第二段最后一句“It took them two years to get the final picture”可知，科学家拍摄黑洞最终照片耗时两年，选C。
3. 论证方法题：第三段出现“55 million light-years”“9 trillion kilometers”等具体数字，作者通过列数字的方式说明黑洞与地球的距离，选B。
4. 细节理解题：A选项错误，原文明确说不用相机，用射电望远镜；B选项错误，黑洞距地球55百万光年，距离极远；C选项正确，第四段最后一句提到照片能帮助人们更多了解黑洞；D选项错误，原文说明黑洞不是宇宙中唯一的黑洞。
5. 文章出处题：本文是关于黑洞的科普类文章，应出自科学报纸，选A。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解）、科普文阅读、论证方法判断
【点评】
本题为科普类阅读理解题，侧重考查学生提取原文细节信息、分析论证方法及判断文章类型的能力，题目设置基础，只要学生认真阅读原文找准对应依据即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.8