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五、阅读理解。〔人与自我——生活与学习〕
As a teenager,you are becoming more independent(独立的) and making decisions for yourself. Being a teenager can be challenging,but it can also be exciting. You are also learning to take risks and work out problems better. And changes are happening throughout your body,even in your brain.
The changes in your brain are influencing how you develop into an adult. Imagine the structure(结构) of your brain is like a big road map. Lots of roads lead to different places. When you were a child,as you learnt new things,your brain created more and more roads to different places. By the time you become a teenager,many different roads lead to the most important places on the map. Now your brain's job is to make that map more useful.
As a result,your experiences as a teenager actually influence the way that your brain develops. If you spend hours playing video games,you learn to see something with your eyes and respond(回应) to it with your hands. As you develop those skills,your brain is making sure that the roads leading to them are especially fast and efficient(有效率的). So,your video-game playing could be preparing you for a career such as a pilot(飞行员).
This is a great time for you to practise new skills and discover what you're good at and try what you love doing. Go out and try different activities,and stick to them if you think they're useful. Remember that with everything you do,you're developing your brain for the future.
1. What happens when children learn new things?
A. Their brains make the maps more useful.
B. The structures of their brains are like big road maps.
C. Many different roads lead to the most important places.
D. Their brains create more roads to different places.
2. If we compare the development of the brain to the construction of a transportation system in a city,which of the following is correct?
A. In childhood,the city builds only a few main highways.
B. In teenage years,the city starts to plan where to build roads randomly.
C. In childhood,the city is building more and more roads in different directions.
D. In teenage years,the city stops building roads and focuses on other things.
3. What does the phrase “stick to” mean in the last paragraph?
A. Get used to. B. Keep on doing. C. Depend on. D. Give up.
4. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Making decisions for yourself B. Ways of changing your brain
C. Developing your brain for the future D. Changes happening in your brain
As a teenager,you are becoming more independent(独立的) and making decisions for yourself. Being a teenager can be challenging,but it can also be exciting. You are also learning to take risks and work out problems better. And changes are happening throughout your body,even in your brain.
The changes in your brain are influencing how you develop into an adult. Imagine the structure(结构) of your brain is like a big road map. Lots of roads lead to different places. When you were a child,as you learnt new things,your brain created more and more roads to different places. By the time you become a teenager,many different roads lead to the most important places on the map. Now your brain's job is to make that map more useful.
As a result,your experiences as a teenager actually influence the way that your brain develops. If you spend hours playing video games,you learn to see something with your eyes and respond(回应) to it with your hands. As you develop those skills,your brain is making sure that the roads leading to them are especially fast and efficient(有效率的). So,your video-game playing could be preparing you for a career such as a pilot(飞行员).
This is a great time for you to practise new skills and discover what you're good at and try what you love doing. Go out and try different activities,and stick to them if you think they're useful. Remember that with everything you do,you're developing your brain for the future.
1. What happens when children learn new things?
A. Their brains make the maps more useful.
B. The structures of their brains are like big road maps.
C. Many different roads lead to the most important places.
D. Their brains create more roads to different places.
2. If we compare the development of the brain to the construction of a transportation system in a city,which of the following is correct?
A. In childhood,the city builds only a few main highways.
B. In teenage years,the city starts to plan where to build roads randomly.
C. In childhood,the city is building more and more roads in different directions.
D. In teenage years,the city stops building roads and focuses on other things.
3. What does the phrase “stick to” mean in the last paragraph?
A. Get used to. B. Keep on doing. C. Depend on. D. Give up.
4. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Making decisions for yourself B. Ways of changing your brain
C. Developing your brain for the future D. Changes happening in your brain
答案
【解析】：本题是一篇英语阅读理解，主要考查学生对文章内容的理解以及词汇、短语在语境中的应用。题目涉及细节理解题和词义猜测题，需要学生根据文章内容进行推理判断。
1. 细节理解题。题目问的是当孩子们学习新事物时，他们的大脑会发生什么。根据文章第二段“When you were a child, as you learnt new things, your brain created more and more roads to different places.”可知，当孩子们学习新事物时，他们的大脑会创建越来越多的通往不同地方的道路。
2. 细节推理题。题目要求将大脑的发展与城市交通系统的建设进行比较。根据文章第二段“When you were a child, as you learnt new things, your brain created more and more roads to different places. By the time you become a teenager, many different roads lead to the most important places on the map.”可以推断，在童年时期，大脑像城市一样在不断建设越来越多的通往不同方向的道路，而到了青少年时期，这些道路已经基本形成，通往地图上的重要地点。
3. 词义猜测题。题目问的是最后一段中的“stick to”是什么意思。根据文章最后一段“Go out and try different activities, and stick to them if you think they're useful.”可知，作者鼓励青少年出去尝试不同的活动，并且如果认为它们有用就坚持下去。因此，“stick to”在这里的意思是“坚持做”。
4. 主旨大意题。题目要求选出本文的最佳标题。文章主要讲述了青少年时期是大脑发展的关键时期，通过实践新的技能和发现自己的兴趣所在，可以为未来的大脑发展打下基础。因此，最佳标题应与大脑发展和未来相关。
【答案】：
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. C
1. 细节理解题。题目问的是当孩子们学习新事物时，他们的大脑会发生什么。根据文章第二段“When you were a child, as you learnt new things, your brain created more and more roads to different places.”可知，当孩子们学习新事物时，他们的大脑会创建越来越多的通往不同地方的道路。
2. 细节推理题。题目要求将大脑的发展与城市交通系统的建设进行比较。根据文章第二段“When you were a child, as you learnt new things, your brain created more and more roads to different places. By the time you become a teenager, many different roads lead to the most important places on the map.”可以推断，在童年时期，大脑像城市一样在不断建设越来越多的通往不同方向的道路，而到了青少年时期，这些道路已经基本形成，通往地图上的重要地点。
3. 词义猜测题。题目问的是最后一段中的“stick to”是什么意思。根据文章最后一段“Go out and try different activities, and stick to them if you think they're useful.”可知，作者鼓励青少年出去尝试不同的活动，并且如果认为它们有用就坚持下去。因此，“stick to”在这里的意思是“坚持做”。
4. 主旨大意题。题目要求选出本文的最佳标题。文章主要讲述了青少年时期是大脑发展的关键时期，通过实践新的技能和发现自己的兴趣所在，可以为未来的大脑发展打下基础。因此，最佳标题应与大脑发展和未来相关。
【答案】：
1. D
2. C
3. B
4. C
解析
翻译:
### 五、阅读理解。〔人与自我——生活与学习〕
作为一名青少年，你正变得更加独立，并且能为自己做决定。成为一名青少年会充满挑战，但也会令人兴奋。你也在学习承担风险，并且更好地解决问题。你的全身都在发生变化，甚至你的大脑也是如此。
你大脑的变化正在影响你向成年人的发展。想象一下，你大脑的结构就像一张大的路线图。很多条路通向不同的地方。当你还是个孩子的时候，当你学习新事物时，你的大脑会开辟出越来越多通向不同地方的道路。当你成为青少年时，许多不同的道路会通向地图上最重要的地方。现在你的大脑的工作就是让这张地图变得更有用。
因此，你作为青少年的经历实际上会影响你大脑的发育方式。如果你花几个小时玩电子游戏，你会学会用眼睛看东西，并用手对其做出反应。当你培养这些技能时，你的大脑会确保通向这些技能的道路特别快捷和高效。所以，你玩电子游戏的经历可能会为你从事像飞行员这样的职业做准备。
这是你练习新技能、发现自己擅长什么以及尝试自己喜欢做的事情的好时机。走出去，尝试不同的活动，如果你认为它们有用，就坚持做下去。记住，你所做的每一件事，都是在为未来开发你的大脑。
1. 当孩子们学习新事物时会发生什么？
A. 他们的大脑让地图变得更有用。
B. 他们大脑的结构就像大的路线图。
C. 许多不同的道路通向最重要的地方。
D. 他们的大脑开辟出更多通向不同地方的道路。
2. 如果我们把大脑的发育比作城市交通系统的建设，以下哪项是正确的？
A. 在童年时期，城市只修建几条主要公路。
B. 在青少年时期，城市开始随意规划修路的地方。
C. 在童年时期，城市正在朝着不同的方向修建越来越多的道路。
D. 在青少年时期，城市停止修路，专注于其他事情。
3. 最后一段中的短语“stick to”是什么意思？
A. 习惯于。
B. 继续做。
C. 依靠。
D. 放弃。
4. 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？
A. 为自己做决定
B. 改变你大脑的方法
C. 为未来开发你的大脑
D. 你的大脑中发生的变化
