一、根据句意和汉语提示,写出空缺处各单词的正确形式
1. （湿地）are areas of land that are covered with water for all or part of the year.
2. Beneath the （表面）of the calm lake lies a rich ecosystem.
3. An ecosystem （包括）all the living and non-living things in an area.
4. The clean wetland （容纳）many plants and animals.
5. A willow tree stands beside the （池塘）, its branches gently touching the water.
6. Every year, millions of （吨）of waste is dumped into the ocean.
7. When you put a （海绵块）into water, it can absorb(吸收) a lot of water.
8. The heavy rain led to several （洪水）in the low-lying areas last month.
9. Ocean pollution caused by （塑料）is becoming a serious problem.
10. The （肾脏）play an important role in filtering(过滤) waste from the blood.

1. Wetlands 2. surface 3. includes 4. holds
5. pond 6. tons 7. sponge 8. floods
9. plastic 10. kidneys

【分析】解题思路：先通读每个句子，结合句子的语法结构（如be动词的单复数、主语的数、修饰词的用法）确定单词的正确形式，再匹配汉语提示写出对应单词。具体步骤：1. 根据be动词、主语的数确定名词单复数；2. 根据谓语动词的时态和主语特征确定动词形式；3. 根据修饰词（如a、several、millions of）确定名词的数；4. 核对拼写与汉语提示。
【解析】1. 句中be动词为are，说明主语是复数，“湿地”对应wetland，复数形式为Wetlands；2. 定冠词the后接名词，“表面”对应surface；3. 主语ecosystem是单数第三人称，一般现在时谓语用三单，“包括”对应includes；4. 主语the clean wetland是单数第三人称，一般现在时，“容纳”对应holds；5. 定冠词the后接名词，“池塘”对应pond；6. millions of后接可数名词复数，“吨”对应tons；7. 不定冠词a后接可数名词单数，“海绵块”对应sponge；8. several后接可数名词复数，“洪水”对应floods；9. “塑料”plastic为不可数名词，直接用原形；10. 谓语动词play为原形，说明主语是复数，“肾脏”对应kidneys。
【答案】1. Wetlands 2. surface 3. includes 4. holds 5. pond 6. tons 7. sponge 8. floods 9. plastic 10. kidneys
【知识点】英语词汇运用、名词单复数、动词第三人称单数
【点评】本题考查根据汉语提示填写单词，侧重基础词汇掌握及语法细节（主谓一致、名词数的变化），是英语基础题型，需注意单复数、动词形式的正确变化。
【难度系数】0.7

二、从方框中选择合适的单词或短语并用其适当形式填空,每个单词或短语限用一次

1. A balanced diet in children's growth and development.
2. The shoes in this store to fit all kinds of customers.
3. The city library has 500,000 books available(可用的) for borrowing.
4. Hydrogen(氢元素) and oxygen water, which we drink every day.
5. Plants produce oxygen through sunlight and carbon dioxide.
6. Traditional Chinese New Year celebrations attract tourists to China each year.
7. The students in a Shakespeare play during the school art festival next month.
8. The community organized a project mosquitoes in our neighbourhood.
9. Ancient people used salt meat before fridges were invented.
10. , many traditional skills are disappearing in this digital age(数字时代).

1. plays an important role 2. are of different sizes 3. around 4. make up 5. taking in
6. millions of 7. will act 8. to get rid of
9. to store 10. Sadly

【分析】
本题为英语短语及词性转换填空题，解题思路如下：①通读每个句子，明确句意，确定空格处所需语义；②从方框给出的单词/短语中筛选出语义匹配的选项；③结合句子的语法结构（时态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、词性转换等）调整所选词/短语的形式，确保符合句子要求，且每个单词/短语限用一次。
【解析】
1. 句意：均衡饮食在儿童的成长发育中起重要作用。选短语play an important role，主语a balanced diet为单数，一般现在时，故用plays an important role。
2. 句意：这家店的鞋子有不同尺寸，适合各类顾客。选短语be of different sizes，主语shoes为复数，一般现在时，故用are of different sizes。
3. 句意：城市图书馆有大约50万本书可供借阅。选副词around，表“大约”，符合语义。
4. 句意：氢和氧构成我们每天饮用的水。选短语make up，主语Hydrogen and oxygen为复数，一般现在时，故用make up。
5. 句意：植物通过吸收阳光和二氧化碳产生氧气。选短语take in，through为介词，后接动名词，故用taking in。
6. 句意：传统中国新年庆祝活动每年吸引数百万游客来中国。选短语millions of，表“数百万”，符合语义。
7. 句意：学生们下个月学校艺术节要表演莎士比亚的戏剧。选短语act，时间状语为next month，用一般将来时，故用will act。
8. 句意：社区组织了一个项目来消除我们社区的蚊子。选短语get rid of，此处用不定式作目的状语，故用to get rid of。
9. 句意：古代人在冰箱发明前用盐来储存肉。选短语store，use sth to do sth为固定搭配，故用to store。
10. 句意：可悲的是，在这个数字时代，许多传统技能正在消失。选形容词sad，需转换为副词Sadly作状语修饰整个句子。
【答案】
1. plays an important role 2. are of different sizes 3. around 4. make up 5. taking in 6. millions of 7. will act 8. to get rid of 9. to store 10. Sadly
【知识点】
动词短语适当形式、非谓语动词、副词转换
【点评】
本题考查英语短语的语境运用及形式变化，需结合句意、语法规则（时态、非谓语、词性）选择并调整短语，注意每个短语限用一次，是基础英语词汇运用的典型题型，侧重学生对短语的掌握及语法的灵活运用。
【难度系数】
0.5

三、阅读理解
Australia's ecosystems are in danger because of the invasion of the red fire ant, which is considered one of the most harmful invasive species in the world.
The small ant is native(本土的) to South America, but has spread to many countries in the world, causing huge harm to agriculture and ecosystems. It not only destroys crops and farms but also kills large numbers of native insects and other animals. The ant's painful sting(蜇伤) can cause serious allergies(过敏) in humans, which might even lead to death. The Minister for Agriculture calls these ants “super pests” because they do great harm to society, economy, and the environment.
Red fire ants were first found in Australia in 2001. They have largely been contained within the state of Queensland since then. However, Australia's Invasive Species Council(ISC) says the ants are spreading across the country because of flood waters. They are holding onto each other to form “rafts(木筏)” on the water. An ISC statement said, “Red fire ants are more active before or after rainfall and can form large floating rafts, which move with the flow of the water to find places to stand in new areas.” It warned that the red fire ants would reach “every corner of Australia” if the current(目前的) outbreak was not under control.
()1. What's the meaning of the underlined word “invasive” in Paragraph 1 in Chinese?
A. 入侵的 B. 土著的
C. 骄傲的 D. 养殖的
()2. What harm can red fire ants cause?
①They can destroy crops and farms.
②They can kill native insects and other animals.
③Their stings can cause allergies and even death in humans.
④They can pollute the air around them.
A. ①②③ B. ②③④
C. ①③④ D. ①②④
()3. How do red fire ants spread to other areas in Australia?
A. By boat. B. By water.
C. By air. D. By wind.
()4. Why does the writer mention the ISC statement?
A. To explain why red fire ants are good at hugging each other.
B. To study why red fire ants can form “rafts” on the water.
C. To tell us red fire ants spread very quickly through flood waters.
D. To show the harm of red fire ants to the environment.
()5. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Red fire ants are super pests.
B. Australia is facing all kinds of dangers.
C. People should try their best to kill red fire ants.
D. Deadly red fire ants are spreading across Australia.

1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D

【分析】
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境推断单词含义，根据原文中与“入侵”相关的表述推测词义；
2. 第2题是细节理解题，需定位原文中红火蚁的危害内容，逐一核对选项；
3. 第3题是细节理解题，需查找红火蚁传播方式的相关描述；
4. 第4题是推理判断题，需分析引用ISC声明的目的，结合上下文逻辑判断；
5. 第5题是主旨大意题，需梳理全文核心内容，提炼主旨。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测：根据第一段“the invasion of the red fire ant”（红火蚁的入侵），可推测“invasive”意为“入侵的”，对应选项A；
2. 细节理解：原文第二段明确提到红火蚁的危害：①破坏农作物和农场；②杀死本土昆虫及其他动物；③蜇伤可导致人类过敏甚至死亡，未提及“污染空气”，故①②③正确，选A；
3. 细节理解：第三段指出红火蚁因洪水形成“木筏”随水流移动，传播方式为靠水，选B；
4. 推理判断：ISC声明说明红火蚁通过洪水形成木筏随水流扩散，目的是告知其快速传播的原因，选C；
5. 主旨大意：全文围绕澳大利亚的红火蚁入侵、扩散及危害展开，核心是致命红火蚁在澳大利亚扩散，选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D
【知识点】
词义猜测题、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本题为外来物种入侵主题的阅读理解，涵盖四类常见阅读题型，侧重考查学生定位信息、语境推断及主旨提炼能力，文本贴近生活，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6