Ⅵ. Complete the passage with the proper forms of the words given in the box.
discover, up, mountain, scientist, cloud, for example
Some popular places to visit are built by people. Others are created by nature.
18. , in the northeast of the United States, there was a famous rock on a high 19. that looked just like an old man. It had lots of hair, a big nose, and a beard. People called it "The Old Man of the Mountain". Every year more than a million people came to look at it. 20. thought that the stone face had been there for about 17,000 years.
In May 2003, there was very bad weather near the Old Man of the Mountain. There were very strong winds and the temperature was very cold. The sky was so 21. that people couldn't see the stone face for many days. As soon as the storm was over, people looked for the Old Man and they couldn't see it. They 22. that it had been seriously damaged. The stones that made its face had fallen down the mountain. A number of scientists climbed up to see if they could repair the stone face, but they had to give 23. . They figured out that the damage from the weather was just too bad.

18. For example 19. mountain 20. Scientists 21. cloudy 22. discovered 23. up

【分析】
这是一篇记叙文类的选词适当形式填空题，解题时首先通读全文，理清文章讲述的是美国天然景点“山中之老”石脸的相关故事，明确给出的6个待选词刚好对应6个空格。接下来逐个分析空格的语法属性和语境需求：1. 第18空前文引出“部分景点是自然形成”的观点，后文是具体实例，对应举例类表达；2. 第19空前有冠词和形容词修饰，需要填可数名词单数，搭配地点场景；3. 第20空后接谓语动词，需要填指代人的复数名词作主语；4. 第21空前有系动词和副词so，需要填形容词描述天空状态；5. 第22空缺少谓语动词，故事发生在过去，要使用动词过去式；6. 第23空和前面的give组成固定短语，结合语境判断含义。最后把填好的内容代入全文通读验证通顺即可。
【解析】
18. 前文提出“部分知名景点是自然创造的”的观点，后文列举美国的天然岩石景点作为实例，for example意为“例如”，放在句首首字母大写，符合逻辑。
19. 空格前有不定冠词a和形容词high，需要填入可数名词单数，on a high mountain表示“在高山上”，完全符合语境，填mountain。
20. 空格后接谓语thought，主语需要是表示人的名词，scientist符合“研究地质判断岩石存在时长”的身份，此处指代多名科学家，用复数形式，句首首字母大写，填Scientists。
21. 空格前是系动词was和副词so，需要填入形容词作表语描述天空状态，cloud的形容词形式cloudy意为“多云的”，对应后文“人们多日看不到石脸”的场景，填cloudy。
22. 空格缺少谓语动词，整个故事发生在2003年，时态为一般过去时，句意为人们发现石脸被严重损坏，discover的过去式discovered符合要求。
23. 此处是固定短语give up，意为“放弃”，符合“科学家尝试修复石脸但最终不得不放弃”的语境，填up。
【答案】
18. For example 19. mountain 20. Scientists 21. cloudy 22. discovered 23. up
【知识点】
词形转换，固定短语，语境理解
【点评】
本题难度适中，依托趣味的自然景点故事考察基础词汇应用，既检验学生对上下文逻辑的梳理能力，也覆盖了名词单复数、名词转形容词、动词过去式等基础变形考点，以及give up这类高频固定搭配，做完这类题要注意先把握全文时态和主旨，再结合空格的语法属性判断词形，最后代入通读校验可以有效降低出错率。
【难度系数】
0.7

Ⅶ. Complete the passage with proper words or the proper forms of the words given.
The story of Lucy's discovery began in the hot Afar region of Ethiopia. One morning, a team of scientists was slowly searching 24. dusty area. Donald Johanson 25. (notice) a small, brown bone fragment sticking out of the slope. He called over his team, and they started digging very carefully 26. small tools. They found many more bone fragments nearby. These were not from a monkey 27. an ape. They carefully collected hundreds of 28. (piece). After putting them together, they saw they had found a skeleton from a very ancient human ancestor. It was about forty percent complete. They named the skeleton "Lucy" after a song they 29. (play) at camp. Lucy was small, only about three and a half feet tall. Her knee bone showed that she walked upright on two legs, which was a much 30. (great) advantage for living on the ground than in the trees. 31. secrets did her bones hold? 32. (study) her skeleton told us a lot about our past. 33. (they) amazing find was a window into a world from over three million years ago, helping us understand our own story.

24. a 25. noticed 26. with 27. or 28. pieces 29. played 30. greater 31. What 32. Studying 33. Their

【分析】
这是一篇语篇型语法填空题，解题时首先要通读全文，明确文章核心是叙述古人类化石“露西”的考古发现过程，整体叙事时态以一般过去时为主。接下来逐空结合句法规则、固定搭配、上下文语义推导：先判断空格所需词性，再结合词形变化要求变形，最后代入全文验证逻辑通顺度。比如看到泛指的可数名词单数考虑不定冠词，看到than提示考虑形容词比较级，句首作主语的动词要转换为动名词形式等，一步步就能推出所有答案。
【解析】
24. 空后dusty area是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一片满是尘土的区域”，dusty以辅音音素开头，填不定冠词a。
25. 全文叙述过去发生的考古事件，整体为一般过去时，谓语动词notice要变为过去式noticed。
26. 此处表达“用小型工具小心挖掘”，介词with可表示“使用（工具）”，符合语境，填with。
27. 否定句中并列两个被否定的对象（猴子、猿），要用并列连词or，构成not...or...“不是…也不是”的常用结构，填or。
28. 空前hundreds of意为“成百上千的”，后接可数名词复数，piece的复数形式是pieces。
29. 定语从句修饰先行词a song，“在营地播放歌曲”是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，play的过去式是played。
30. 空后出现比较级标志词than，形容词great要变为比较级greater，表达“大得多的优势”。
31. 此处为特殊疑问句，表达“她的骨骼藏着什么秘密”，用特殊疑问词What，句首首字母大写。
32. 此处动作在句中作主语，需要把动词变为动名词形式，study转换为Studying，句首首字母大写。
33. 空后是名词短语amazing find，需要用形容词性物主代词修饰，they对应的形容词性物主代词是Their，句首首字母大写。
【答案】
24. a 25. noticed 26. with 27. or 28. pieces 29. played 30. greater 31. What 32. Studying 33. Their
【知识点】
冠词用法，词形转换，句法结构
【点评】
本题围绕考古科普主题设空，考点覆盖初中阶段核心语法点，既考查介词、连词、冠词等虚词的固定搭配用法，也考查动词时态、名词复数、比较级、非谓语动名词、物主代词等实词的词形变换，难度适中。解题的关键是先把握全文过去叙事的大背景，避免时态判断失误，做完后代入通读就能快速排查出逻辑不通的错误。
【难度系数】
0.6