一、阅读下列材料,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出最佳选项。
As Asia's longest and the world's third longest river,the Yangtze River is one of China's most amazing natural wonders. It runs about 6,300 kilometres,starting from the snow-capped Tanggula Mountains and runs through 11 provinces—passing by areas near the Bohai Sea in the north and close to the South China Sea,before emptying into the East China Sea. Unlike many other great rivers,it belongs totally to China,making it even more special.
The river's most famous part is the Three Gorges(三峡)—Qutang,Wu,and Xiling Gorges. Qutang Gorge is the narrowest(最狭窄的) but greatest,with cliffs rising high on both sides. Wu Gorge is known for its gentle beauty,while Xiling Gorge has the roughest(汹涌的) waters. Today,the Three Gorges Dam stands proudly here,showing the balance between human wisdom and nature. Every year,thousands of visitors come to admire its scenery and do research on its ecosystem.
The Yangtze is not just a river,but a "golden waterway" that connects people and areas. It provides water,transportation,and energy for millions of people,and its valley is home to rich wildlife. As one of the most important rivers in the world,it carries both natural wonders and rich cultural heritage(遗产).
()1. Where does the Yangtze River finally flow into?
A. The Bohai Sea. B. The East China Sea. C. The South China Sea.
()2. What can we infer about the Three Gorges?
A. They are wide and gentle.
B. They have different features(特点).
C. They are only open to a few visitors.
()3. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The building of the Three Gorges Dam.
B. The history of the Yangtze River's name.
C. The Yangtze River's beauty and importance.

1. B 2. B 3. C

【分析】
这是一篇介绍长江的说明文阅读理解，解题时可以按照先读题干明确考点，再带着问题回原文定位对应内容的思路来：第1题是事实细节题，直接回第一段查找长江最终汇入的海域即可；第2题是推理判断题，回到第二段关于三峡的描述部分，逐一对比选项排除不符合原文内容的错误选项；第3题是主旨大意题，梳理全文三段的核心内容，排除仅覆盖局部内容、无中生有的干扰选项，就能选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 细节定位：根据第一段原文“...before emptying into the East China Sea”，可知长江最终流入东海，A选项渤海只是长江流经区域附近的北部海域，C选项南海只是长江流经区域附近的南部海域，均不符合题意，因此选B。
2. 推理判断：第二段分别介绍了瞿塘峡狭窄壮观、巫峡柔美、西陵峡水流汹涌的不同特点，说明三峡各有特色；A选项“宽阔平缓”和原文描述矛盾，C选项“仅对少量游客开放”和原文“每年成千上万游客前来游览”的表述不符，因此选B。
3. 主旨归纳：全文第一段介绍长江的基本自然概况，第二段介绍三峡的自然景观与人文工程，第三段点明长江作为“黄金水道”的重要价值，整体围绕长江的自然之美和重要意义展开；A选项仅提及三峡大坝属于局部内容，B选项文中完全没有涉及长江名称的历史，均不能概括全文主旨，因此选C。
【答案】
1. B 2. B 3. C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，推理判断，主旨大意
【点评】
本题属于国情文化类的说明文阅读，难度适中，既考察学生快速定位文本信息、梳理文章逻辑的阅读能力，也能帮助学生加深对长江相关常识的了解。解题时要注意细节题不要被文中出现的无关信息干扰，主旨题要避免把段落局部内容错当成全文核心。
【难度系数】
0.7

二、阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The world's largest iceberg(冰山),an icy island three times the size of New York City,has broken free. The iceberg,called A23a,4 from an Antarctic ice shelf(南极冰架) in 1987 and has been grounded(困在海底) for over 30 years. Now it's moving in the open 5.
A23a is about 74 kilometres long and 59 kilometres wide—larger than the US state of Rhode Island. Scientists say it's probably about 365 metres 6,just a little shorter than New York's Empire State Building. This great height kept it grounded for over 30 years,but it finally began to 7 again in 2020. In November,it moved past the northern line of Antarctica and now has entered open water. Scientists think it will keep moving 8.
As A23a gets farther from Antarctica,the 9 will turn warmer. The iceberg will change the water's temperature and saltiness,which will affect nearby sea 10 and animals.
Scientists recently sent a research 11 near A23a when it was moving through the Weddell Sea. They took photos and videos of the iceberg,and also 12 water from the sea around it for study. Sooner or later,A23a will melt(融化) and break into 13 pieces,until it becomes a part of the sea again.
()4. A. got off B. turned off C. broke off
()5. A. lake B. ocean C. river
()6. A. thin B. thick C. short
()7. A. stop B. rest C. move
()8. A. south B. north C. west
()9. A. climate B. ice C. air
()10. A. germs B. plants C. stones
()11. A. car B. ship C. bike
()12. A. collected B. stored C. wasted
()13. A. larger B. newer C. smaller

4. C 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B
11. B 12. A 13. C

【分析】
这是一篇科普类完形填空题，解题时首先通读全文，理清文章核心是介绍世界最大冰山A23a的脱离、漂移和后续融化的完整过程。接下来逐个分析每个空的语境：先结合前后文给出的场景线索，比如冰山从冰架脱离、在海域中移动、海上科考等信息，再辨析选项词汇的词义，结合基础生活和地理常识排除不符合逻辑的选项，最后把所有选定的答案代入全文通读，验证整体逻辑通顺即可。
【解析】
4. 考查短语辨析：A. got off 下车、动身；B. turned off 关闭（电器等）；C. broke off 断裂、脱离。句意为“这座名为A23a的冰山1987年从南极冰架断裂脱离，已经困在海底30多年了”，符合语境的是C选项。
5. 考查名词词义辨析：A. lake 湖泊；B. ocean 海洋；C. river 河流。冰山所处的是南极周边的开阔海域，open ocean意为“开阔大洋、公海”，符合场景，选B。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析：A. thin 薄的；B. thick 厚的；C. short 短的。后文提到这个高度仅比帝国大厦矮一点，正是这个厚度让冰山卡在海底多年，描述冰山的水下厚度用thick符合语境，选B。
7. 考查动词词义辨析：A. stop 停止；B. rest 休息；C. move 移动。前文提到冰山已经被困30多年，后文提到它漂移过了南极北线，说明它在2020年终于重新开始移动，选C。
8. 考查方位词辨析：A. south 向南；B. north 向北；C. west 向西。前文提到它已经越过了南极的北部界线，说明它是向北移动，后续会远离寒冷的南极，选B。
9. 考查名词词义辨析：A. climate 气候；B. ice 冰；C. air 空气。冰山离南极越远，纬度越低，整体气候就越温暖，符合逻辑的是A选项。
10. 考查名词词义辨析：A. germs 细菌；B. plants 植物；C. stones 石头。句中并列的是海洋生物，和动物对应的是海洋植物，海水温盐变化会影响海洋动植物生存，选B。
11. 考查名词词义辨析：A. car 汽车；B. ship 轮船；C. bike 自行车。在南极附近的海域开展科研，使用的交通工具是科考船，选B。
12. 考查动词词义辨析：A. collected 采集；B. stored 储存；C. wasted 浪费。科学家做研究需要采集周边的海水样本，collect water即采集水样，符合语境，选A。
13. 考查形容词比较级辨析：A. larger 更大的；B. newer 更新的；C. smaller 更小的。冰山融化碎裂的过程就是不断分解成更小的碎块，最终完全融入海洋，选C。
【答案】
4. C 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. B 12. A 13. C
【知识点】
动词短语辨析，语境词义辨析，科普常识应用
【点评】
本题属于低难度的科普类完形填空，所有选项的词汇都是初中阶段的核心基础词汇，绝大多数空都可以通过上下文的前后呼应线索直接推导得出，少数空结合基础的地理生活常识就能判断，既考察了学生的词汇积累和完形解题能力，也能帮助学生拓展极地冰山相关的科普知识。
【难度系数】
0.8