二、阅读理解

About 40 years ago, satellites(卫星) saw a few small areas of vegetation(植被) in the Antarctic Peninsula. These plants covered about 740 square metres.
Since then, however, the land has been turning green quickly. A new study shows that mosses(苔藓) have taken up more than 12 million square metres—nearly four times the size of New York's Central Park! Based on satellite pictures from 1986 to 2021, the study shows that the greening has sped up by 30 per cent since 2016. That's fast enough to cover nearly 75 football fields per year.
"Our findings show that the effect of climate change has no limit in its reach," said Thomas Roland, an environmental scientist. "Even in the most faraway and lonely land, the landscape is changing." The Antarctic is the coldest place on earth. But it has recently been troubled by extreme(极端的) heat events. In the summer of 2024, a record-breaking heatwave hit parts of the Antarctic. Temperatures were about 10℃ higher than normal in mid-July.
As the planet heats up, Antarctica will keep on warming, which means this greening may happen faster. The more the peninsula greens, the more soil will form. Non-native plants will probably take root in the land. Antarctica's native wildlife and ecological(生态的) system can be in danger as a result. "Seeds and small pieces of plants can easily find their way along with tourists, birds and the wind," Roland said. The plant cover could reduce the Antarctic's ability to reflect the sun's heat energy back into space. That's because darker surfaces take in more heat.
At present, the Antarctic landscape is still almost all snow, ice and rock. In the long run, however, they could help further encourage the growth of plants as the climate continues to warm. "The landscape in the Antarctic could be changed forever," said another scientist.
()1. What was the size of the vegetation in the Antarctic Peninsula about 40 years ago?
A. About 740 square metres.
B. More than 75 football fields.
C. More than 12 million square metres.
D. About the size of New York's Central Park.
()2. What question can Paragraph 3 answer?
A. How did Thomas find the Antarctic?
B. Why does the Antarctic keep greening?
C. Why is the Antarctic the coldest place?
D. How does the landscape in the Antarctic change?
()3. What's the writer's purpose of writing the text?
A. To tell why the climate change happens.
B. To picture the greening in the Antarctic.
C. To warn people of the ecological changes in the Antarctic.
D. To call on people to study further about the peninsula.
()4. The structure(结构) of the text is "".

1~4 ABCA
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了由于全球气温上升，南极的景现在变绿，这对南极的生态构成了极大的威胁。

【分析】
1. 第1题：根据题干关键词“about 40 years ago”定位原文第一段，查找对应植被面积的描述即可选出答案。
2. 第2题：分析第三段核心内容，明确段落围绕“气候变化对南极的影响”展开，匹配选项得出对应问题的答案。
3. 第3题：通读全文，梳理文章“南极绿化现象-原因-生态威胁”的逻辑，推断作者写作目的。
4. 第4题：梳理各段落的功能与逻辑关系，划分文章结构层次，匹配选项得出答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：由第一段“About 40 years ago...These plants covered about 740 square metres.”可知，40年前南极半岛植被面积约740平方米，对应选项A。
2. 第2题：第三段解释了南极出现景观变化（绿化）的原因是气候变化的影响，对应选项B。
3. 第3题：文章介绍南极绿化现象，指出其会威胁南极本土生态系统，作者意在警告人们关注南极的生态变化，对应选项C。
4. 第4题：文章第一段引入南极植被早期情况，第二段说明当前绿化现状，第三、四段分析绿化的原因与影响，第五段总结未来变化，结构对应选项A。
【答案】
1~4 ABCA
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解、段落大意、主旨大意、文章结构分析
【点评】
本文是关于南极绿化现象的说明文，考查学生对文本细节、段落内容、主旨及结构的理解能力，需学生精准定位信息并梳理逻辑，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6