三、同义句转换
1. She doesn't know what she should buy for her friend's birthday.
She doesn't know for her friend's birthday.
2. We listened to the adventure story as carefully as possible in class.
We listened to the adventure story as carefully as in class.
3. The 16-year old boy has grown to be as tall as his father.
The 16-year old boy has grown to be his father.
4. Her brother gave away her favorite novel without asking her.
Her brother gave away her favorite novel .
5. Pirated books do harm to both the writers and the book industry.
Pirated books are harmful to the writers the book industry .

1. what to buy
2. we could
3. the same height as
4. without her agreement
5. not only; but; as well

【分析】
同义句转换的核心是在完全保留原句语义、时态的前提下，匹配对应空数的同义表达结构。解题时可以按以下思路走：1. 先对比原句和目标句的差异，定位需要替换的部分；2. 回忆对应考点的同义结构，比如宾语从句简化规则、常见固定搭配的同义替换；3. 核对空数、语法形式是否匹配，避免出现形式错误。我们逐题定位替换部分：第1题需要替换宾语从句what she should buy，对应疑问词加不定式结构；第2题替换as possible，回忆as ... as possible的同义结构；第3题替换as tall as，找四个空的同义表达；第4题替换without asking her，匹配三个空的同义短语；第5题替换both...and，匹配对应位置的并列结构即可。
【解析】
1. 原句中what引导的宾语从句，主句主语she和从句主语she一致，符合“疑问词+不定式”简化宾语从句的规则，将从句what she should buy简化为what to buy，刚好3个空，语义不变。
2. 固定搭配as + adj/adv + as possible 意为“尽可能……”，同义结构为as + adj/adv + as sb can/could，原句主语是we，时态为一般过去时（谓语listened），所以填we could，共2个空，语义完全匹配。
3. as tall as 意为“和……一样高”，同义表达为the same height as，共4个空，完全符合目标句的空数要求，语义不变。
4. without asking her 意为“没有询问她、没有征得她的同意”，对应三个空的同义短语为without her agreement，语义一致。
5. 原句中both...and...表示“两者都”，对应目标句的空数要求，使用同义并列结构not only...but...as well，依次填入即可，语义完全一致。
【答案】
1. what to buy
2. we could
3. the same height as
4. without her agreement
5. not only; but; as well
【知识点】
疑问词加不定式
固定搭配同义替换
并列连词用法
【点评】
本题是初中英语典型的同义句转换题型，覆盖了宾语从句简化、高频固定短语替换、并列结构转换三类核心考点，都是中考英语基础题型的常考内容，同学们平时要多积累同义表达，解题时注意核对空数、时态和语法一致性，避免出现细节错误。
【难度系数】
0.6

四、完成句子
1. 很多学生在理解这部 19 世纪的英文小说上有困难。
Many students the 19th-century English novel.
2. 等我看完那本好读物时，我已经筋疲力尽，倒在床上就睡着了。
I finished reading the good read, I and crashed out on the bed.
3. 她不确定暑假先读哪本著名的作品。
She is unsure first during the summer vacation.
4. 去年一整个学期，他设法每天都写一篇英文日志。
He journal every day for the whole semester last year.

1. have difficulty understanding
2. By the time; was tired out
3. which famous literature to read
4. managed to write/keep an English

【分析】
做这类英语完成句子题，首先要对照中文句意和已给出的英文内容，精准定位空缺部分对应的语义，先回忆匹配的核心固定搭配，再结合句子的时态、主谓一致、特殊语法结构调整形式，同时要保证填写内容的空数和题目要求完全对应，语义贴合中文原意。逐题梳理思路：1题对应“做某事有困难”的固定搭配，注意介词后接动名词；2题对应引导时间状语的固定短语，结合从句时态确定主句的状态表达；3题用“疑问词+名词+不定式”的结构作宾语补全语义；4题结合过去的时间标志，用“设法做成某事”的固定搭配调整动词形式。
【解析】
1. 考察固定搭配have difficulty (in) doing sth，意为“做某事有困难”，主语Many students是复数，句子描述常态用一般现在时，“理解”understand放在省略介词in的结构后要变为动名词形式understanding，三个空刚好对应语义。
2. 第一部分空缺对应“等…的时候”，固定短语By the time可引导时间状语从句；后半句“筋疲力尽”对应短语be tired out，从句是一般过去时，描述当时的状态，主语为I，be动词用过去式was，前后空缺的空数完全匹配。
3. 空缺部分是“先读哪本著名的文学作品”，用“特殊疑问词+名词+不定式”的结构作unsure的宾语，即which famous literature to read，四个空完全符合要求。
4. 时间状语last year表明句子用一般过去时，“设法做成某事”是固定搭配manage to do sth，manage变为过去式managed，“写/记一篇英文日志”对应keep/write an English，四个空刚好补全语义。
【答案】
1. have difficulty understanding
2. By the time; was tired out
3. which famous literature to read
4. managed to write/keep an English
【知识点】
固定短语搭配，时态辨析，疑问词+不定式
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础题型，覆盖了课标要求的高频动词短语、时间状语从句时态对应规则、不定式特殊用法等核心考点，学生只要平时积累到位，结合时间提示调整动词形式，就能顺利完成，易错点集中在搭配记错、时态变形失误上。
【难度系数】
0.6

五、综合阅读 阅读下面短文,在空白处根据首字母填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,含动词时态语态变化和非谓语形式。
I love reading books that were written hundreds or even thousands of years ago. These are the literature classics, and they are of (1) ▲ (last) value. For example, The Iliad, tells us about the good and bad qualities of human nature; that is to say, we can be heroic and silly at (2) ▲ same time.
China has (3) ▲ (it) own long history of classical literature that dates back to the "Four Books and Five Classics". No one was considered educated unless they had read these classics. Even today, people still encourage their children (4) ▲ (read) The Analects of Confucius《论语》.
There are also (5) ▲ (new) classics than those above, such as Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. Still, many people don't want to read them (6) ▲ they are long and have complex plots. But they are great (7) ▲ (story) which also show the goodness and weakness of human nature.
Are you interested (8) ▲ learning more about the classics? Just reading some of them will give you a better (9) ▲ (understand) of the basis (基础) of culture then. They will also help you better understand yourself and others. (10) ▲ (slow) but surely, you will fall in love with them.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

1. lasting
2. the
3. its
4. to read
5. newer
6. because
7. stories
8. in
9. understanding
10. Slowly

【分析】
做这类语篇型语法填空题，首先要通读全文，明确本文核心主题是介绍中外经典文学的价值，理清整体行文逻辑。之后逐个分析空格：有括号提示词的，先判断空格所需的词性、时态、单复数、比较级等变形规则；无提示词的，结合固定搭配、句子前后逻辑、冠词代词等语法规则推导答案，同时要保证填入的内容语义通顺、符合语法规范。
【解析】
我们逐个推导每个空的答案：
1. 空格后是名词value，需要用形容词修饰，动词last的形容词形式lasting表示“持久的”，构成固定表达of lasting value，意为“具有持久价值”，故填lasting。
2. 此处是固定搭配at the same time，意为“同时”，定冠词the不能省略，故填the。
3. 空格后是名词短语own long history，需要用形容词性物主代词修饰，人称代词it对应的形容词性物主代词是its，指代中国的古典文学历史，故填its。
4. 此处是固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，后面接不定式作宾语补足语，故填to read。
5. 空格后出现了比较级标志词than，说明要把这类作品和前文提到的更早的经典做比较，形容词new要变为比较级形式newer，意为“更新的”，故填newer。
6. 空格前半句含义是“很多人不想读它们”，后半句含义是“它们篇幅很长、情节复杂”，前后是因果逻辑，后半句是前半句的原因，所以填连词because。
7. 空格前的主语是they are，说明后面的可数名词story要变为复数形式stories，故填stories。
8. 此处是固定搭配be interested in doing sth.，意为“对做某事感兴趣”，介词in是固定搭配的组成部分，故填in。
9. 空格前有不定冠词a和形容词better，说明此处需要填入名词，动词understand对应的名词形式是understanding，意为“理解”，故填understanding。
10. 空格处修饰后面的整个句子，需要用副词形式，形容词slow对应的副词是slowly，和后面的surely并列，句首首字母要大写，故填Slowly。
【答案】
1. lasting 2. the 3. its 4. to read 5. newer 6. because 7. stories 8. in 9. understanding 10. Slowly
【知识点】
词性转换、固定短语搭配、连词逻辑辨析
【点评】
本题结合中外经典文学的文化主题，综合考查初中阶段核心语法点，既涉及非谓语动词、形容词副词变形、名词单复数等基础词法考点，也包含冠词、介词搭配、因果连词判断等句法考点，要求学生既要熟练掌握基础语法规则，也要能结合上下文语义逻辑判断答案，难度适中，能有效检验学生的语篇语法运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.7