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Ⅳ. Reading comprehension.
Scientists from Japan said they had found the largest volcanic eruption(火山喷发)
in the Holocene(全新世) in Japan. Called the Kikai-Akahoya eruption, it happened
about 7,300 years ago off the coast of Japan. The eruption was under water, but it
blew into the air and covered 4,500 square kilometres!
Before this study, the largest recorded eruption was the Mount Tambora eruption
in Indonesia in 1815. It's famous for being so deafening that it could be heard 850
kilometres away. Ash(灰烬) rose into the sky and went around the world. It even got
in the way of sunlight. So the earth became cooler than usual. After the eruption,
people in many places experienced a "Year Without a Summer".
Another famous volcanic eruption is the Toba Supervolcano eruption. It happened
about 74,000 years ago on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. It is said to be the
largest volcanic eruption in human history! And it might erupt more than $2,500\ \mathrm{km}^3$ of
ash, rock and lava(岩浆)! Some scientists think it got the earth into an ice age that
nearly killed all people on the earth.
(
A. Japan B. Indonesia C. the UK D. the USA
(
A. Deep. B. Loud. C. Long. D. High.
(
A. It was cooler because of the volcanic eruption.
B. They wanted to make this year special.
C. They didn't like the summer vacation.
D. The earth went into an ice age.
(
the
A. Kikai-Akahoya eruption B. Mount Tambora eruption
C. Toba Supervolcano eruption D. La Garita Caldera eruption
Scientists from Japan said they had found the largest volcanic eruption(火山喷发)
in the Holocene(全新世) in Japan. Called the Kikai-Akahoya eruption, it happened
about 7,300 years ago off the coast of Japan. The eruption was under water, but it
blew into the air and covered 4,500 square kilometres!
Before this study, the largest recorded eruption was the Mount Tambora eruption
in Indonesia in 1815. It's famous for being so deafening that it could be heard 850
kilometres away. Ash(灰烬) rose into the sky and went around the world. It even got
in the way of sunlight. So the earth became cooler than usual. After the eruption,
people in many places experienced a "Year Without a Summer".
Another famous volcanic eruption is the Toba Supervolcano eruption. It happened
about 74,000 years ago on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. It is said to be the
largest volcanic eruption in human history! And it might erupt more than $2,500\ \mathrm{km}^3$ of
ash, rock and lava(岩浆)! Some scientists think it got the earth into an ice age that
nearly killed all people on the earth.
(
A
)21. The Kikai-Akahoya eruption happened in Japan
.A. Japan B. Indonesia C. the UK D. the USA
(
B
)22. What does the underlined word "deafening" mean in English?A. Deep. B. Loud. C. Long. D. High.
(
A
)23. Why did some people have the "Year Without a Summer"?A. It was cooler because of the volcanic eruption.
B. They wanted to make this year special.
C. They didn't like the summer vacation.
D. The earth went into an ice age.
(
C
)24. It is said that the largest volcanic eruption in human history isthe
Toba Supervolcano eruption
.A. Kikai-Akahoya eruption B. Mount Tambora eruption
C. Toba Supervolcano eruption D. La Garita Caldera eruption
答案
21.A 22.B 23.A 24.C
解析
【分析】
这是一篇科普类阅读理解，全部为细节类题型，解题思路如下：1. 先浏览每道题干的关键词，明确提问方向；2. 带着关键词返回原文对应段落定位相关语句，将选项和原文内容逐一比对，排除明显错误的选项，即可得到正确答案。遇到词义猜测题时，结合划线词前后的语境描述推导单词含义即可。
【解析】
21. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段第一句“Scientists from Japan said they had found the largest volcanic eruption in the Holocene in Japan. Called the Kikai-Akahoya eruption, it happened about 7,300 years ago off the coast of Japan”，可知Kikai-Akahoya火山喷发发生在日本附近海域，对应选项A。
22. 词义猜测题：根据划线词后文的描述“it could be heard 850 kilometres away”，说明这次火山喷发的声音极大，远在850公里外都能听见，deafening意为“震耳欲聋的，声音大的”，对应选项B Loud（大声的）。
23. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段内容，火山喷发的灰烬遮挡了阳光，地球温度比往常更低，因此后续出现了“无夏之年”，对应选项A“火山喷发导致气温更低”，其余选项B、C完全不符合原文逻辑，D选项进入冰河时代是Toba火山喷发的相关描述，不符合本题语境。
24. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段前两句“Another famous volcanic eruption is the Toba Supervolcano eruption... It is said to be the largest volcanic eruption in human history!”，可知人类历史上记载的最大火山喷发是托巴超级火山喷发，对应选项C。
【答案】
21.A 22.B 23.A 24.C
【知识点】
1. 阅读理解细节定位
2. 词义猜测
3. 说明文阅读
【点评】
本题属于难度较低的科普类阅读习题，所有题目答案都可以从原文直接找到对应依据，主要考察学生快速从文本中定位提取有效信息的能力，解题时注意区分三次不同火山喷发的各自特征，避免信息混淆即可轻松得分。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇科普类阅读理解，全部为细节类题型，解题思路如下：1. 先浏览每道题干的关键词，明确提问方向；2. 带着关键词返回原文对应段落定位相关语句，将选项和原文内容逐一比对，排除明显错误的选项，即可得到正确答案。遇到词义猜测题时，结合划线词前后的语境描述推导单词含义即可。
【解析】
21. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段第一句“Scientists from Japan said they had found the largest volcanic eruption in the Holocene in Japan. Called the Kikai-Akahoya eruption, it happened about 7,300 years ago off the coast of Japan”，可知Kikai-Akahoya火山喷发发生在日本附近海域，对应选项A。
22. 词义猜测题：根据划线词后文的描述“it could be heard 850 kilometres away”，说明这次火山喷发的声音极大，远在850公里外都能听见，deafening意为“震耳欲聋的，声音大的”，对应选项B Loud（大声的）。
23. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段内容，火山喷发的灰烬遮挡了阳光，地球温度比往常更低，因此后续出现了“无夏之年”，对应选项A“火山喷发导致气温更低”，其余选项B、C完全不符合原文逻辑，D选项进入冰河时代是Toba火山喷发的相关描述，不符合本题语境。
24. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段前两句“Another famous volcanic eruption is the Toba Supervolcano eruption... It is said to be the largest volcanic eruption in human history!”，可知人类历史上记载的最大火山喷发是托巴超级火山喷发，对应选项C。
【答案】
21.A 22.B 23.A 24.C
【知识点】
1. 阅读理解细节定位
2. 词义猜测
3. 说明文阅读
【点评】
本题属于难度较低的科普类阅读习题，所有题目答案都可以从原文直接找到对应依据，主要考察学生快速从文本中定位提取有效信息的能力，解题时注意区分三次不同火山喷发的各自特征，避免信息混淆即可轻松得分。
【难度系数】
0.8
Ⅴ. Complete the passage with the proper words according to the Chinese given.
A million years ago, there were many big glaciers. Sometimes the glacier moved
a(n) 25.
dirt with it. It changed the land. In other places, it left hills. In some places, when
the glacier melted, it formed rivers and 26.
today. A glacier in Canada is cutting a new 27.
mountain. This glacier will change the 28.
Now more and more glaciers melt because of global warming. This change affects
not only the ice caps but also the 29.
behaviours have started to change as their homes are becoming smaller. Some
animals, once found deep into the 30.
human's homes to find food. These changes have made it more common for people to
meet the wildlife. 31.
find ways to 32.
33.
forcing even more animals to leave their natural homes and making their lives even
more challenging.
A million years ago, there were many big glaciers. Sometimes the glacier moved
a(n) 25.
few
(很少) inches(英寸) each day. As it moved, it took rocks anddirt with it. It changed the land. In other places, it left hills. In some places, when
the glacier melted, it formed rivers and 26.
lakes
(湖). Glaciers are still at worktoday. A glacier in Canada is cutting a new 27.
road
(路) down the side of amountain. This glacier will change the 28.
land
(陆地), too.Now more and more glaciers melt because of global warming. This change affects
not only the ice caps but also the 29.
animals
(动物) that live nearby. Theirbehaviours have started to change as their homes are becoming smaller. Some
animals, once found deep into the 30.
woods
(森林), are now moving closer tohuman's homes to find food. These changes have made it more common for people to
meet the wildlife. 31.
Scientists
(科学家) are studying these changes, hoping tofind ways to 32.
protect
(保护) both the animals and the environment.33.
Without
(没有) quick action, more glaciers will 34. disappear
(消失),forcing even more animals to leave their natural homes and making their lives even
more challenging.
答案
25. few 26. lakes 27. road 28. land
29. animals 30. woods 31. Scientists
32. protect 33. Without 34. disappear
29. animals 30. woods 31. Scientists
32. protect 33. Without 34. disappear
解析
【分析】
这是一道语篇提示型单词拼写题，解题思路如下：1. 先通读全文，明确短文主题是冰川变化与全球变暖的相关内容，把握整体语境；2. 逐个对照每个空的中文提示，先确定对应的基础英文单词，再结合空前后的语法线索（比如名词的可数性、并列结构、冠词限定、谓语的单复数、不定式符号、句首大写规则等）调整单词的正确形式，确保填入的单词既符合中文语义，又完全匹配句子的语法逻辑。
【解析】
25. 空后inches是可数名词复数，中文提示“很少”，修饰可数名词复数的固定搭配为a few，因此填few。
26. 空处和前面的rivers并列，指代冰川融化后形成的多处湖泊，需要用可数名词复数形式，“湖”的复数为lakes，因此填lakes。
27. 空前有不定冠词a，限定后面接可数名词单数，中文提示“路”，直接填road即可。
28. 空前有定冠词the，此处表示特指冰川改变的陆地，“陆地”land为不可数名词，直接填land。
29. 空后定语从句的谓语动词是live（原形），说明先行词为复数名词，中文提示“动物”，用复数形式animals。
30. 固定表达deep into the woods表示“深入森林”，符合语境和中文提示，因此填woods。
31. 空后谓语是are studying，说明主语为复数，且位于句首首字母需要大写，“科学家”的复数形式为Scientists。
32. 空前是不定式符号to，后面需要接动词原形，中文提示“保护”，对应的动词原形为protect。
33. 空后接名词短语quick action，此处需要填表示“没有”的介词，位于句首首字母大写，填Without。
34. 空前有助动词will，后面接动词原形，中文提示“消失”，对应的动词原形为disappear。
【答案】
25. few 26. lakes 27. road 28. land
29. animals 30. woods 31. Scientists
32. protect 33. Without 34. disappear
【知识点】
名词单复数，词汇拼写，语法搭配
【点评】
本题结合环保主题考察基础词汇的运用，不同于孤立的单词默写，要求学生在语篇语境中结合语法规则调整单词形式，既考察了核心词汇的识记能力，也能帮助学生巩固主谓一致、非谓语、介词用法等基础语法点，同时引导学生关注冰川保护的相关知识。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一道语篇提示型单词拼写题，解题思路如下：1. 先通读全文，明确短文主题是冰川变化与全球变暖的相关内容，把握整体语境；2. 逐个对照每个空的中文提示，先确定对应的基础英文单词，再结合空前后的语法线索（比如名词的可数性、并列结构、冠词限定、谓语的单复数、不定式符号、句首大写规则等）调整单词的正确形式，确保填入的单词既符合中文语义，又完全匹配句子的语法逻辑。
【解析】
25. 空后inches是可数名词复数，中文提示“很少”，修饰可数名词复数的固定搭配为a few，因此填few。
26. 空处和前面的rivers并列，指代冰川融化后形成的多处湖泊，需要用可数名词复数形式，“湖”的复数为lakes，因此填lakes。
27. 空前有不定冠词a，限定后面接可数名词单数，中文提示“路”，直接填road即可。
28. 空前有定冠词the，此处表示特指冰川改变的陆地，“陆地”land为不可数名词，直接填land。
29. 空后定语从句的谓语动词是live（原形），说明先行词为复数名词，中文提示“动物”，用复数形式animals。
30. 固定表达deep into the woods表示“深入森林”，符合语境和中文提示，因此填woods。
31. 空后谓语是are studying，说明主语为复数，且位于句首首字母需要大写，“科学家”的复数形式为Scientists。
32. 空前是不定式符号to，后面需要接动词原形，中文提示“保护”，对应的动词原形为protect。
33. 空后接名词短语quick action，此处需要填表示“没有”的介词，位于句首首字母大写，填Without。
34. 空前有助动词will，后面接动词原形，中文提示“消失”，对应的动词原形为disappear。
【答案】
25. few 26. lakes 27. road 28. land
29. animals 30. woods 31. Scientists
32. protect 33. Without 34. disappear
【知识点】
名词单复数，词汇拼写，语法搭配
【点评】
本题结合环保主题考察基础词汇的运用，不同于孤立的单词默写，要求学生在语篇语境中结合语法规则调整单词形式，既考察了核心词汇的识记能力，也能帮助学生巩固主谓一致、非谓语、介词用法等基础语法点，同时引导学生关注冰川保护的相关知识。
【难度系数】
0.7
