一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
Tom Sawyer was a naughty boy.
He 1. (live) with his aunt.
One day, Tom 2. (tell) by his aunt to paint the gate white. The work was a punishment(处罚） because he 3. (miss) school one day. Of course, he did not want to do any work.
At first, Tom 4. (watch) by his friends and 5. (laugh) at, so he felt quite bad. But soon he 6. (turn) the situation round, and he 7. (help) by his friends instead. Tom said that he enjoyed 8. (paint) the gate white, and his friends wanted to try.
He asked each friend 9. (give) him something valuable, and in return they 10. (allow) to do some of Tom's work!

1. lived 2. was told 3. missed 4. was watched
5. (was) laughed 6. turned 7. was helped
8. painting 9. to give 10. were allowed

【分析】
这道题是用所给单词的适当形式填空，解题思路如下：首先通读全文，明确文章讲述的是过去发生的故事，整体时态以一般过去时为主；接着分析每个空格在句子中的成分，判断动作是主动发出还是被动承受，同时结合固定搭配来确定单词的正确形式。
【解析】
1. 全文描述过去的状态，用一般过去时，live的过去式为lived，故填lived。
2. 主语Tom是动作tell的承受者，需用一般过去时的被动语态（was+过去分词），tell的过去分词是told，故填was told。
3. 此处描述过去主动发生的动作，用一般过去时，miss的过去式为missed，故填missed。
4. 主语Tom是watch的承受者，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was watched。
5. 与第4空并列，同样为被动语态，固定短语be laughed at表示“被嘲笑”，故填was laughed。
6. 主语he是动作turn的执行者，用一般过去时，turn的过去式为turned，故填turned。
7. 主语he是help的承受者，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was helped。
8. 固定搭配enjoy doing sth表示“喜欢做某事”，需用动名词形式，paint的动名词是painting，故填painting。
9. 固定搭配ask sb to do sth表示“要求某人做某事”，需用不定式形式，故填to give。
10. 主语they是allow的承受者，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，故填were allowed。
【答案】
1. lived 2. was told 3. missed 4. was watched 5. (was) laughed 6. turned 7. was helped 8. painting 9. to give 10. were allowed
【知识点】
一般过去时、被动语态、非谓语动词
【点评】
本题为初中英语基础题型，考查动词的时态、语态及固定搭配的运用，需结合语境判断语法形式，注重对基础语法知识的掌握与应用。
【难度系数】
0.5

二、将方框中所给词语的适当形式填入短文中，每词仅用一次
skiing, fail, disappointed, realise, fall upon
This term was heartbreaking for me. I worked hard but still 1. the maths exam. My friends all did better, which made me feel even more 2. .
To cheer me up, my parents took me to have 3. lessons last weekend. At first, I fell down many times and couldn't stand up. My father said, “Never give up! You have to get up and try again.” With his help, I practised again and again. Soon, I could ski and even enjoyed it!
After this experience, I 4. that nothing is impossible. If I put my heart into it, success will surely 5. me.

1. failed 2. disappointed 3. skiing
4. realise/realised 5. fall upon

【分析】先通读短文，理解文章讲述的“作者数学考试失利后失望，父母带他上滑雪课，最终领悟努力就会成功”的故事，再结合每个空格的语境、语法要求，匹配方框内的词汇并调整适当形式：1空需填表示“失败”的动词过去式；2空需填修饰人的形容词；3空需填与滑雪相关的动名词作定语；4空需填表示“意识到”的动词适当形式；5空需填与“成功降临”相关的动词短语原形。
【解析】1. 由前文“worked hard but”的转折关系可知，此处表示“数学考试失败”，用fail的过去式failed；2. “feel more”后需接形容词，主语是人，故用disappointed（失望的）；3. 结合后文“could ski”可知，此处指“滑雪课”，用skiing作定语修饰lessons；4. 语境为“经历后我意识到”，可用一般现在时realise或一般过去时realised；5. “will”后接动词原形，fall upon表示“降临”，符合“成功会降临到我身上”的语境。
【答案】1. failed 2. disappointed 3. skiing 4. realise/realised 5. fall upon
【知识点】动词的适当形式、形容词的用法、固定短语搭配
【点评】本题为选词填空题型，考查词汇在具体语境中的运用，需结合上下文逻辑和语法规则选择正确形式，难度适中，是初中英语基础题型。
【难度系数】0.5

三、阅读下面短文，根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式（每空一词）
It was a cold winter night, and the moonlight shone through the window. Tom sat on the 1. (长沙发), staring at his books. The term was ending soon, and the 2. (压力) of exams was growing. His 3. (年长) grandmother turned on the lamp and said, “You said you would study hard, but you're being 4. (懒洋洋) again!”
Tom sighed. He had a 5. (分歧) with his peer, Jack, earlier that day, and it was still on his mind. “I'll study 6. (今晚), Grandma,” he said, though he didn't feel like it.
Just then, his phone buzzed—a message from Jack. “Sorry about today. Let's meet tomorrow. It's more 7. (方便) to talk face-to-face.” Tom smiled. The misunderstanding was 8. (完全) cleared now.
Feeling better, he opened his book. The words were 9. (清楚) visible under the soft light. “No more laziness,” he told himself. “I'll keep my 10. (诺言) and study hard!” With renewed energy, he focused on his work, ready to face the challenges ahead.

1. sofa 2. pressure 3. elderly 4. lazy
5. disagreement 6. tonight 7. convenient
8. completely 9. clearly 10. promise

【分析】
本题为根据汉语提示写单词的英语词汇运用题，解题思路为：先明确每个空缺处对应的汉语含义，再结合句子语境判断该词在句中所需的词性（名词、形容词、副词等），最后写出拼写正确、形式符合语法的英语单词，同时注意固定搭配的运用。
【解析】
1. “长沙发”对应的英语名词为sofa，符合“on the sofa”的搭配；
2. “压力”对应的不可数名词为pressure，“the pressure of exams”表示“考试压力”；
3. 修饰“grandmother”需用形容词“年长的”，对应单词为elderly；
4. 此处需形容词作表语，“懒洋洋”对应lazy；
5. “分歧”对应的名词为disagreement，“have a disagreement with sb”是固定搭配；
6. “今晚”对应副词tonight，作时间状语；
7. “方便的”对应形容词convenient，“it's convenient to do sth”是固定句型；
8. 修饰动词“cleared”需用副词，“完全”对应completely；
9. 修饰形容词“visible”需用副词，“清楚”对应clearly；
10. “诺言”对应名词promise，“keep one's promise”是固定短语。
【答案】
1. sofa 2. pressure 3. elderly 4. lazy
5. disagreement 6. tonight 7. convenient
8. completely 9. clearly 10. promise
【知识点】
英语词汇运用、词性辨析、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查基础英语词汇的拼写与运用，侧重词性判断和固定搭配的掌握，难度适中，适合基础阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6