A
We use bricks(砖) to make houses on the Earth, but what about building things on the Moon? Well, you use "lunar bricks", of course!
Scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) have developed "lunar bricks". They hope to use the bricks to build a base(基地) on the Moon.
To make the bricks, the scientists used a lunar soil simulant(模拟月壤). The bricks are three times stronger than normal concrete(混凝土) bricks or red bricks. They also have mortise and tenon joint structures(榫卯结构), which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together, just like Lego.
Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST told Xinhua that they had tested five different kinds of simulated(模拟的) lunar soil and used three ways to harden them. This helped them choose the best materials for making the bricks. Lunar soil isn't the same everywhere on the Moon, Zhou added. For example, one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of Chang'e-5, which is mainly basalt(玄武岩).
The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the Moon has an extreme(极端的)environment. Moonquakes(月震)often happen there,and cosmic radiation(宇宙辐射) is high. It gets as hot as 180°C during the day and as cold as -190°C at night.
The lunar bricks will be sent to China's space station on the Tianzhou-8 spacecraft. There, scientists will check how well the bricks do in space.
The first brick is expected to return to the Earth by the end of 2025. China hopes to build a lunar research station between 2028 and 2035.
() 1. The lunar bricks are developed to .
A. study the lunar soil
B. build a base on the Moon
C. test the weather on the Moon
D. create stronger building materials on the Earth
() 2. How do the mortise and tenon joint structures help with lunar bricks?
A. They make the bricks lighter.
B. They make the bricks look good.
C. They help save lunar soil simulant.
D. They make the building process easier.
() 3. Why was it necessary for the researchers to test different kinds of lunar soil simulant?
A. They wanted to find the best basalt for the bricks.
B. They wanted to find materials.
C. The soil on the Moon changes from place to place.
D. The simulant is different from real lunar soil.
() 4. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Why lunar bricks need to be tested.
B. How the lunar bricks were made.
C. What the weather is like on the Moon.
D. How the lunar bricks were tested.
() 5. What can we learn about the lunar bricks from the passage?
A. Scientists are still unhappy with the bricks.
B. A base built by lunar bricks was made on the Earth.
C. They will be tested in China's space station.
D. They will soon be used to build a lunar research station.

【解析】：
这是一道英语阅读理解题，主要考查学生对文章细节的理解和把握。文章主要介绍了华中科技大学科学家开发的“月球砖”，以及这些砖的用途、制作材料、结构特点、测试环境等方面的信息。学生需要通过阅读文章，理解并回答与文章内容相关的问题。
1. 第一题考查的是月球砖的开发目的，根据文章第二段“They hope to use the bricks to build a base on the Moon.”可知，月球砖的开发目的是为了在月球上建立基地，因此答案为B。
2. 第二题考查的是榫卯结构对月球砖的作用，根据文章第三段“They also have mortise and tenon joint structures, which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together, just like Lego.”可知，榫卯结构使得月球砖可以像乐高一样简单地拼在一起，从而简化了建筑过程，因此答案为D。
3. 第三题考查的是研究人员测试不同月球土壤模拟物的原因，根据文章第四段“Lunar soil isn't the same everywhere on the Moon, Zhou added.”可知，月球上的土壤各处不同，因此需要测试不同的月球土壤模拟物以找到最适合制作月球砖的材料，因此答案为C。
4. 第四题考查的是第五段的主要内容，根据文章第五段“The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the Moon has an extreme environment.”可知，该段主要讲述了为什么需要对月球砖进行测试，因为月球环境极端恶劣，因此答案为A。
5. 第五题考查的是从文章中可以了解到关于月球砖的哪些信息，根据文章第六段“The lunar bricks will be sent to China's space station on the Tianzhou-8 spacecraft. There, scientists will check how well the bricks do in space.”可知，月球砖将在天舟八号飞船上被送到中国空间站进行测试，因此答案为C。
【答案】：
1. B；2. D；3. C；4. A；5. C。

翻译:
A
我们在地球上用砖来建造房屋，但在月球上建造东西该怎么办呢？当然，你要用“月球砖”！
华中科技大学的科学家们研发出了“月球砖”。他们希望用这些砖在月球上建造一个基地。
为了制造这些砖，科学家们使用了模拟月壤。这种砖的强度是普通混凝土砖或红砖的三倍。它们还采用了中国古代建筑中使用的榫卯结构。这使得把这些砖简单地拼在一起成为可能，就像乐高积木一样。
华中科技大学的周诚教授告诉新华社，他们测试了五种不同的模拟月壤，并使用了三种方法来硬化它们。这有助于他们选择制造砖块的最佳材料。周教授补充说，月球上不同地方的月壤并不相同。例如，其中一种被测试的模拟月壤模拟了嫦娥五号着陆点的月壤，其主要成分是玄武岩。
月球砖在使用前需要经过充分测试，因为月球的环境很极端。那里经常发生月震，宇宙辐射也很强。白天温度高达180°C，夜晚则低至-190°C。
月球砖将由天舟八号货运飞船送往中国空间站。在那里，科学家们将检查这些砖在太空中的性能如何。
第一块月球砖预计在2025年底返回地球。中国希望在2028年至2035年间建造一个月球科研站。
（ ）1. 研发月球砖是为了____。
A. 研究月壤
B. 在月球上建造基地
C. 测试月球的天气
D. 在地球上制造更坚固的建筑材料
（ ）2. 榫卯结构对月球砖有什么帮助？
A. 它们使砖块更轻。
B. 它们使砖块看起来更好看。
C. 它们有助于节省模拟月壤。
D. 它们使建造过程更容易。
（ ）3. 研究人员为什么有必要测试不同种类的模拟月壤？
A. 他们想为砖块找到最好的玄武岩。
B. 他们想找到材料。
C. 月球上的土壤因地而异。
D. 模拟月壤与真实月壤不同。
（ ）4. 第五段主要讲了什么？
A. 为什么月球砖需要测试。
B. 月球砖是如何制造的。
C. 月球的天气怎么样。
D. 月球砖是如何测试的。
（ ）5. 从文章中我们可以了解到关于月球砖的什么信息？
A. 科学家们仍然对这些砖不满意。
B. 用月球砖建造的基地已经在地球上建成。
C. 它们将在中国空间站进行测试。
D. 它们很快将被用来建造月球科研站。